








				ϵͳ-HOWTO

		 ߣGuido Gonzato guido@ibogfs.cineca.it

		   ߣƽ  tchao@worldnet.att.net

			    v0.99.31997114



				   Abstract

	  дĵĿʹӿټصԸհװõLin
     uxϵͳڸϵͳĵʺõӦʹܾ׼Ϊõϵͳ



1.  

PCϰװLin
uxϵͳĿǰĸLinux汾൱ֻгȱٻĵ˸еաڰװἴʹãЩСҲΪҪ͡backspace⣬ΪemacsûɫԼʾĿ¼ʱֻкڰɫЩź¡

ΪʹұڼǵĸҪ趨ժҪʼǣ޸ɫͳHOWTOһЩĵʵõӦ֮áЩʵҰװRed
Hat汾Lin
uxϵͳΪݣʹ汾ҪСע⡣벻Ҫڵκϸ΢ĩڶ˲Щֻöá˽Lin
uxϵͳͱĶͬ˵ⷽHOWTOHOW
TOֻһժҪ--ϣ㡢á

PCӲõ෱࣬ҵľ飬һʮֳǣӲ̷ΪָDOS/Win
dowsLin
uxͽswapݻ̻ӡͻҼٶЩ豸ҪõӲҪڵļתڲͬҲ¡һٶڱ༭ʱЭ
rootȨޡ

ðɣھǾɰɣ


2.  һϵͳ趨

2.1  

ȣü̡ڰװʱ©һ裬̣Ҫ

     /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/ѡȡʵļ̱磬it.map
     ʹ

     ༭/etc/sysconfig/keyboardʹʹãKEYTABLE="/usr/lib/kbd/keyta
     bles/it.map"

     趨̵ظʺӳʱ䣬ݼӸ/etc/profilercĵ֮һ


	  /sbin/kbdrate -s -r 16 -d 500  # or whatever --ֵ


ϵͳ-HOWTO								      1





ϵͳ-HOWTO								      2



     ָԱ趨̣


	  ~# chmod 666 /dev/port



´οʱ̽糣

2.2  ں

IMHOҪ֮Ǳʺϵͳںˡƹѣζÿһ/usr/src/linux/ڵREADMEע

   
     ϸҪɺֹһѡںˣͬʱҪ޲patch)Զÿһûһںʡ£LinuxΪŷʹãӦע⡣ҪǰδҪӵӲȱڣ

     ĵí
     CyrixоƬӦҪ޲Աߵܡйϼ
     http://www.linuxhq.com/patch/20-p0591.html

     ʼ͵ԵûӦοϣԱĽĻӾЧnoblink 

     ʼ͵ԵûʹPCMCIA modem/faxǧҪ
     пΪģ룻ںˣPCMCIA޷С

2.3  ϢBootup Messages

ҪԶϢȿ /etc/rc.d/rc.local ϢǷȡ /etc/issue
/etc/motd ϢȷʵˣǾͿʼñֱдɡ

2.4  ûƣHostname

ָ hostname new_host_name Ӳ㡣Ӧ༭/etc/sysconfig/network
͸еûơ

2.5  Sendmail ͣ

Щϵͳڿʱ sendmail Ӱͣ /etc/hosts зһУ

     127.0.0.1 localhost

2.6  豸Device Drivers

 /dev
ʵ豸·е豸ܲڡ黬ݻ͹̻ӦΪΣȻ鿴

     ~# cd /dev
     /dev# ln -s /dev/cua0 mouse
     /dev# ln -s /dev/cua1 modem
     /dev# ln -s /dev/hdb cdrom

ҲЩ豸chmod 666
ָʹûʹáע⣺Щ͵Ļ
/dev/psauxX11ʱӦע˵㡣








ϵͳ-HOWTO								      3



⣬chmod 666
/dev/fd*ᣬзrootûʹ̡Ȼȫ⣬֪ⷽ࣬ӭṩϡ

2.7  Mouse

gpm
Ļ̨ܶмΪãҲһЩӦʹû󡣼зһΪ/etc/syscon
fig/mouse ĵ£

     MOUSETYPE="Microsoft"
     XEMU3=yes

⣬һ/etc/rc.d/init.d/gpmȻõ뻬ע⣺Щ͵У
MOUSETYPE Ϊ ``PS/2''.

2.8  λãMount Points

Ϊʹã̡̻DOSָ豸趨λûص㡣취£

ȽMS-DOS̡ext2̡̻DOSָпZIPļλá

     ~# cd /mnt
     /# mkdir a: ; mkdir floppy ; mkdir cdrom ; mkdir win ; mkdir zip

Ȼ޸ /etc/fstab ݣ

     /dev/fd0  /mnt/a:	      msdos	     user,noauto 0 1
     /dev/fd0  /mnt/floppy    ext2	user,noauto 0 1
     /dev/cdrom     /mnt/cdrom	   iso9660	  ro,user,noauto 0 1
     /dev/hda1 /mnt/dos  msdos		user,noauto 0 1
     /dev/sda4 /mnt/zip  vfat	   user,noauto 0 1

Զ׼һʹȷ豸ơҪʹWin95ĳĵһv
fat  msdos

2.9  LILO  Loadlin

ûϣͬʱLinuxDOS/Win
dowsײϵͳڿʱѡòϵͳȼٶ /dev/hda1װ DOS/Win
dows /dev/hda2װLinux.

£

     ~# fdisk

      /dev/hda ΪĬ豸

     Command (m for help):a
     Partition number (1-4): 2

     Command (m for help):w
     ~#

ʹLinuxָԿӦLILOQuickInstʱactivateִУRed








ϵͳ-HOWTO								      4



Hat汾Ȼ޴˹ܡ

/etc/lilo.confϣ

     boot = /dev/hda2
     compact
     delay = 50
     # message = /boot/bootmesg.txt  # ԶϢ
     root = current
     image = /boot/vmlinuz
       label = linux
     other = /dev/hda1
       table = /dev/hda
       label = dos

 /sbin/liloͿɿʼʹֲϵͳLILO
ǰװϵͳеĹؼݣӦĶⷽס

ҪDOSԶֱLinux԰ LOADLIN.EXE ڭ
DOS·µһĿ¼DOSָڣ
Ȼں˿磬ΪC:\DOS\VMLINUZ Ŀ¼ .BAT
Ϳlinux:

     rem   linux.bat
     smartdrv /C
     loadlin c:\dos\vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 r

ʹWindows 95趨.BATԣʹMS-DOS״̬

2.10  ӡ

Red Hatù߿׾ٵ趨HP DeskJet 400ʹӡRed
Hat汾LinuxԼֶ趨

ٶҪ÷PostScriptӡӡԭʼļ C
ԭʼıGhostScriptӡPostScrip
tĵ˴ٶѰװGhostScript

趨ӡĲ£

     鲢пڵĴӡ


	  ~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp0
	  ~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp1



     ĴӡͶ˿ڡ

     趨 spool Ŀ¼


	  ~# cd /var/spool/lpd








ϵͳ-HOWTO								      5



	  /var/spool/lpd/# mkdir raw ; mkdir postscript



   
     ӡӡĽС̨ס󣨶InkJetӡУҪһӡУ


	  ~# echo "first line" > /dev/lp1 ; echo "second line" > /dev/lp1



     ӡĽ£


	  first line
		    second line



     ĵΪ/var/spool/lpd/raw/filter棺


	  #!/bin/sh
	  # ȡ̨ס
	  awk '{print $0, "\r"}'



     chmod 755 /var/spool/lpd/raw/filterʹΪִĵ

     ҪPostScriptĹ򽫹Ϊ
     /var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter:





























ϵͳ-HOWTO								      6



	  #!/bin/sh

	  DEVICE=djet500
	  RESOLUTION=300x300
	  PAPERSIZE=a4
	  SENDEOF=

	  nenscript -TUS -ZB -p- |
	  if [ "$DEVICE" = "PostScript" ]; then
		  cat -
	  else
		  gs -q -sDEVICE=$DEVICE \
			  -r$RESOLUTION \
			  -sPAPERSIZE=$PAPERSIZE \
			  -dNOPAUSE \
			  -dSAFER \
			  -sOutputFile=- -
	  fi

	  if [ "$SENDEOF" != "" ]; then
		  printf "\004"
	  fi



     ʹHP DeskJetӡΪݡΪӡӦӦ޸ġ

     /etc/printcapݣ


	  # /etc/printcap
	  lp|ps|PS|PostScript|djps:\
		  :sd=/var/spool/lpd/postscript:\
		  :mx#0:\
		  :lp=/dev/lp1:\
		  :if=/var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter:\
		  :sh:
	  raw:\
		  :sd=/var/spool/lpd/raw:\
		  :mx#0:\
		  :lp=/dev/lp1:\
		  :if=/var/spool/lpd/raw/filter:\
		  :sh:



ӸӻصĴӡãοPrinting-HOWTO.

ʹRed Hatûע⣺PrinttoolѡȡGSDE
VICEڴӡһõѡ񡣲postscript.cfgЩС޸ģ磬GS
DEVICEcdj500 Ϊ djet500Ϳɼӿӡٶȡ











ϵͳ-HOWTO								      7



3.  

3.1  bash(1)

Ҫʹbash ϸ˵ĿζмĵҪ޸ģ

    /etc/bashrc ϵͳı͹ܣ

    /etc/profile ϵͳĻʽ

    $HOME/.bashrc ûĵı͹ܣ

    $HOME/.bash_profile ûĻʽ

    $HOME/.bash_logout ˳ϵͳʱĽʽ

    $HOME/.inputrc ҪֵλԪֵ

ĽٶЩĵ޸ġȣҪĵǣ/etc/pro
file¼пԿһ޸ĵķʽ趨Linuxĸֹܡ

     # /etc/profile

     # System wide environment and startup programs
     # --ϵͳʽ
     #
     # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
     # --/etc/bashhrcеĹܺͱ
     #
     # This file sets the following features:
     # --ĵ趨йܣ
     #
     #	 o path     --·
     #	 o prompts  --ʾ
     #	 o a few environment variables	--
     #	 o colour ls	 --ls ɫ
     #	 o less behaviour     --趨lessĹ
     #	 o keyboard settings  --
     #
     # Users can override these settings and/or add others in their
     # $HOME/.bash_profile
     # û$HOME/.bash_profileȡЩ趨ͣ趨

     # set a decent path
     # 趨е·

     echo $PATH | grep X11R6 > /dev/null
     if [ $? = 1 ] ; then   # add entries to the path
       PATH="$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin:$HOME/bin:."
     fi

     # notify the user: login or non-login shell. If login, the prompt is
     # coloured in blue; otherwise in magenta. Root's prompt is red.
     # ֪ͨû¼login򲻵¼non-loginΧshell








ϵͳ-HOWTO								      8



     # ¼ʾΪɫΪϺɫRootʾΪɫ

     USER=`whoami`
     if [ $LOGNAME = $USER ] ; then
       COLOUR=44
     else
       COLOUR=45
     fi

     if [ $USER = 'root' ] ; then
       COLOUR=41
     fi

     # put a real escape character instead of ^[
     # Ļַ^[

     PS1='^[[$COLOUR;37;1m$HOSTNAME:^[[37;40;1m\w\$ '
     PS2="Continue> "

     # no core dumps, please
     # תڴϢ

     ulimit -c 0

     # set umask
     # 趨umask

     if [ `id -gn` = `id -un` -a `id -u` -gt 14 ]; then
	  umask 002
     else
	  umask 022
     fi

     # a few variables
     # 

     USER=`id -un`
     LOGNAME=$USER
     MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
     EDITOR=jed
     HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
     HISTSIZE=1000
     HISTFILESIZE=1000
     export PATH PS1 PS2 USER LOGNAME MAIL EDITOR HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTFILESIZE

     # enable colour ls
     # 趨lsɫ

     eval `dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS -b`
     export LS_OPTIONS='-F -s -T 0 --color=tty'

     # customize less
     # 趨less









ϵͳ-HOWTO								      9



     LESS='-M-Q'
     LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"
     LESSOPEN="| lesspipe.sh %s"
     VISUAL=jed
     LESSCHARSET=latin1
     export LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARSET

     # customise the keyboard
     # 趨

     /sbin/kbdrate -s -r 16 -d 500

     for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
	  if [ -x $i ]; then
	       . $i
	  fi
     done

˴Ϊ /etc/bashrc

     # /etc/bashrc

     # System wide functions and aliases
     # ϵͳĹܺͱ
     #
     # Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile
     # /etc/profileеĻ
     #

     alias which="type -path"
     alias d="ls"
     alias dir="d"

˴Ϊ .bashrc




























ϵͳ-HOWTO								     10



     # $HOME/.bashrc
     # Source global definitions

     if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
	  . /etc/bashrc
     fi

     # this is needed to notify the user that they are in non-login shell
     # Ҫ趨Ա֪ͨ춲¼non-loginΧshellеû

     COLOUR=45
     # put a real escape character instead of ^[
     # Ļַ^[


     PS1='^[[$COLOUR;37m$USER:^[[37;40m\w\$ '

     # aliases
     # 

     alias cp='cp -i'
     alias l=less
     alias lyx='lyx -width 900 -height 700'
     alias mv='mv -i'
     alias rm='rm -i'
     alias x=startx

     # A few useful functions
     # õĹ

     inst() # Install a .tar.gz archive in the current directory.
     { gzip -dc $1 | tar xvf - }

     cz() # List the contents of a .zip archive.
     { unzip -l $* }

     ctgz() # List the contents of a .tar.gz archive.
     {
       for file in $* ; do
	 gzip -dc ${file} | tar tf -
       done
     }

     tgz() # Create a .tgz archive a la zip.
     {
       name=$1 ; tar -cvf $1 ; shift
       tar -rf ${name} $*
       gzip -S .tgz ${name}
     }

˴Ϊ.bash_profile











ϵͳ-HOWTO								     11



     # $HOME/.bash_profile

     # User specific environment and startup programs
     # ûضĻʽ
     #
     # This file contains user-defined settings that override
     # those in /etc/profile
     # ĵдûԶãȡ/etc/profile еֵ
     #
     # Get aliases and functions
     # 趨͹
     #
     if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
	     . ~/.bashrc
     fi

     # re-get PS1 settings
     # 趨PS1ֵ

     if [ $USER = 'root' ] ; then
       COLOUR=41
     else
       COLOUR=44
     fi

     # put a real escape character instead of ^[
     # Ļַ^[

     PS1='^[[$COLOUR;37;1m$HOSTNAME:^[[37;40;1m\w\$ '

     export PS1

˴Ϊ .bash_logout

     # $HOME/.bash_logout

     clear

˴Ϊ .inputrc























ϵͳ-HOWTO								     12



     # $HOME/.inputrc

     # key bindings
     # Ҫ

     "\e[1~": beginning-of-line
     "\e[3~": delete-char
     "\e[4~": end-of-line

     # (F1 .. F5) are "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"
     # (F1 .. F5) ֱΪ "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"

     "\e[[A": "info \C-m"

     set bell-style visible  # please don't beep
				   # --Ȳ
     set meta-flag On	      # allow 8-bit input (i.e, accented letters)
				   # --8-λԪ루ַעŷ
				   # ֻGB뼰Big5룩
     set convert-meta Off    # don't strip 8-bit characters
				   # ȡ8-λԪַ
     set output-meta On       # display 8-bit characters correctly
				   # ȷʾ8-λԪַ

     set horizontal-scroll-mode On
     set show-all-if-ambiguous On

趨вʹ backspace  delete xterm X11Ӧ

     .xinitrcӣ


	  usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
	  xmodmap $usermodmap



     .Xmodmapӣ


	  keycode 22 = BackSpace
	  keycode 107 = Delete



     Ͼ趨̨Ĳ

     Ҫ޸xterm£

     .Xdefaults












ϵͳ-HOWTO								     13



	  xterm*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
		  <Key>Delete:	      string(0x1b) string("[3~")\n\
		  <Key>Home:	      string(0x1b) string("[1~")\n\
		  <Key>End:	      string(0x1b) string("[4~")\n\
		  Ctrl<Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40~")\n\
		  Ctrl<Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41~")

	  nxterm*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
		  <Key>Delete:	      string(0x1b) string("[3~")\n\
		  <Key>Home:	      string(0x1b) string("[1~")\n\
		  <Key>End:	      string(0x1b) string("[4~")\n\
		  Ctrl<Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40~")\n\
		  Ctrl<Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41~")



bash(1)  readline(3) man˵иⷽϡ

ҪΪЩ趨ÿӦж磬xter
mjoeЩλͲãrxvtҲͬ⡣˵term
cap⡣

3.2  ls(1)

lsʾĿ¼ɫʾͬĵҪʹܣ/etc/pro
fileݣ

     eval `dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS -b`
     export LS_OPTIONS='-F -T 0 --color=tty'

趨LS_COLORSĻд/etc/DIR_COL
ORSеɫע⣺örxvtЩ汾Чԭxter
mеһЩԡrxvtгʱ趨Ļ

3.3  less(1)

Խҳȳ򲻽һĵҲܹۿѹgzipĵԭ
tarzipʽĵĵ£

     Ҫʹ÷ASCIIдһֵ.lesskey
     homeĿ¼ڣ





















ϵͳ-HOWTO								     14



	  ^[[A	 back-line
	  ^[[B	 forw-line
	  ^[[C	 right-scroll
	  ^[[D	 left-scroll
	  ^[OA	 back-line
	  ^[OB	 forw-line
	  ^[OC	 right-scroll
	  ^[OD	 left-scroll
	  ^[[6~  forw-scroll
	  ^[[5~  back-scroll
	  ^[[1~  goto-line
	  ^[[4~  goto-end
	  ^[[7~  goto-line
	  ^[[8~  goto-end



     Ȼָlesskeyɰ󶨼λĶĵ.less

     гΪ/usr/bin/lesspipe.shĵ










































ϵͳ-HOWTO								     15



	  #!/bin/sh
	  # This is a preprocessor for 'less'.	It is used when this environment
	  # variable is set:   LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
	  # ΪlessԤΪLESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
	  # ʱԤ
	  #
	  #
	  lesspipe() {
	    case "$1" in
	    *.tar) tar tf $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View contents of .tar and .tgz files
						  # Ķ.tar.tgz
	    *.tgz|*.tar.gz|*.tar.Z|*.tar.z) tar ztf $1 2>/dev/null ;;
	    *.Z|*.z|*.gz) gzip -dc $1  2>/dev/null ;; # View compressed files correctly
						  # ȷĶѹĵ
	    *.zip) unzip -l $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View archives
						  # Ķĵ
	    *.arj) unarj -l $1 2>/dev/null ;;
	    *.rpm) rpm -q -p -i -l $1 2>/dev/null ;;
	    *.1|*.2|*.3|*.4|*.5|*.6|*.7|*.8|*.9|*.n|*.man) FILE=`file -L $1`
	      FILE=`echo $FILE | cut -d ' ' -f 2`
	      if [ "$FILE" = "troff" ]; then
		groff -s -p -t -e -Tascii -mandoc $1
	      fi ;;
	    *) FILE=`file -L $1` ; # Check to see if binary
					     # ǷΪĵ
	      FILE1=`echo $FILE | cut -d ' ' -f 2`
	      FILE2=`echo $FILE | cut -d ' ' -f 3`
	      if [ "$FILE1" = "Linux/i386" -o "$FILE2" = "Linux/i386" \
		   -o "$FILE1" = "ELF" -o "$FILE2" = "ELF" ]; then
		strings $1
	      fi ;;
	    esac
	  }

	  lesspipe $1



     and remember to make it executable with chmod 755 lesspipe.sh.
     мǽΪchmod 755 lesspipe.shµĿִе

      /etc/profileӣ


	  LESS="-M-Q"			  # long prompt, silent --ʾ
	  LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"	  # edit top line --༭
	  LESSOPEN="| lesspipe.sh %s"	  # filter --
	  VISUAL=jed			  # default editor---insert your favourite
						  # Ĭϱ༭---ϲı༭
	  LESSCHARSET=latin1		  # display accented letters if needed
						  # Ҫʱʾַ
	  export LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARSET










ϵͳ-HOWTO								     16



     ˴趨LESSCHARSETΪ߾סҪʹISO
     8859/1ַԵʣˡձˡ˹˵ʿòҪ趨

3.4  emacs(1)

Щemacs 汾ûԤɫ﷨ʾ.emacs

     (global-font-lock-mode t)
     (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t)

ֻX11áλemacs̽ϸҪ趨 --
ʱҪķѼµʱ....

3.5  joe(1)

/usr/bin/еjmacs jstarjpico Ƿsym
linkjoeǶĶƳʽΪߣ򲻷sym
link,ԽʡӲ̿ռ䡣

     ~# cd /usr/bin
     /usr/bin# ln -sf joe jmacs ; ln -sf joe jstar ; ln -sf joe jpico

ȻֻҪ/usr/lib/joe/joercΪ.joerchomeĿ¼Ҫ޸ġ

3.6  jed

ǸΪõı༭emacsСãIMHOģ༭Ҳ൱߹Ĵѧʹ߶jedģVMSϵͳı༭EDT

ĵΪ.jedrc  /usr/lib/jed/lib/*ǰ߿ɴĿ¼еjed.rc޸Ķá

     Ҫʹ jed ȷʹһЩλдһ/usr/lib/jed/lib/defaults.sl
     ֻһУ


	  () = evalfile("linux");



     ༭ /usr/lib/jed/lib/linux.sl; ȥInfo_Directory =
     "/usr/info";ǰעͷŲUCB_Mailer =; /bin/mail

     jed ĲʹģEDT ༭Ĺѣֻ༭.jedr
     cеļݡ

     ҪСеġ+ɾֻ֣ɾһĸ.jedrc() = eval
     file("edt");֮ݣ


	  unsetkey("\eOl");
	  unsetkey("\eOP\eOl");
	  setkey("edt_wdel", "\eOl");
	  setkey("edt_uwdel", "\eOP\eOl");










ϵͳ-HOWTO								     17



     EDTģУҪʹxjedʹС̣.Xmodmapݣ


	  keycode 77  = KP_F1
	  keycode 112 = KP_F2
	  keycode 63  = KP_F3
	  keycode 82  = KP_F4
	  keycode 86  = KP_Separator



     ͬʱȷ/etc/X11/XF86Configݣ


	  #    ServerNumLock  # must be commented out --ȡǰעͷ
	      XkbDisable



     XFree3.2ʹñ׼λ̣XkbDis
     ableܻһЩС⡣Լʲ⡣

     .XdefaultsݿԸxjedɫ


	  xjed*Geometry: 80x32+150+50
	  xjed*font: 10x20
	  xjed*background: midnight blue



     xjed.docĵиⷽϡ

3.7  TeX and Friends

װTeTeXм趨

     ʹַhyphen
     ation޸/usr/lib/texmf/texmf/tex/generic/config/lan
     guage.datȻУ


	  ~# texconfig init ; texconfig hyphen



   
     /usr/lib/texmf/texmf/tex/latex/ĵŰװLaTeXӦ
     texhashʹTeTeX ʶ

     Ҫ趨dvips, ༭/usr/lib/texmf/texmf/dvips/config/con
     fig.psע⣺йĬϷֱʵĲҲӰ
     xdviУÿʱֶҪ壬ɸĶ .Xdefault£









ϵͳ-HOWTO								     18



	  XDvi*mfmode:



     Ӧ

3.8  PPP

ĿǰLinuxں˼ѱPPP + TCP/IPܣ趨˻͵ַloop
backȷװpp
pdַʽʹPPPaֶ趨ͣbһʽԶ趨ȣֶ趨

ٶISP£

     Phone number: 1234567  --绰

     Name server: 123.231.112.111 --ŷַ

     Mail server: mbox.supernet.edu --ʼŷַ

     Domain: supernet.edu --

     Remote hostname: www.supernet.edu --Զ

     Your username: John --û

     Your password: _Loo%ny --û

ֶPPPķʽΪ

      /usr/local/bin/ppp-onISPӣ


	  #!/bin/sh
	  # ppp-on: script to connect to an ISP --ISPĳʽ
	  INIT=ATX3  # or whatever your modem wants --ضݻ
	  PHONE=1234567
	  /usr/sbin/pppd connect "/usr/sbin/chat '' $INIT OK ATDP$PHONE \
	  CONNECT '' " user John



     Ȼchmod 755 /usr/local/bin/ppp-
     onʹΪִеISPʹPAPЭ飬гʽ


	  #!/bin/sh
	  # ppp-on: script to connect to an ISP ----ISPĳʽ
	  INIT=atx3  # or whatever your modem wants ----ضݻ
	  PHONE=1234567
	  /usr/sbin/pppd connect "/usr/sbin/chat '' $INIT OK ATDT$PHONE \
	  CONNECT '' 'ogin' John 'word' _Loo%ny ''" /dev/modem 38400 \
	  modem defaultroute









ϵͳ-HOWTO								     19



     /usr/local/bin/ppp-offڽPPPӣ


	  #!/bin/sh
	  # ppp-off  --ĵ
	  DEVICE=ppp0
	  if [ -r /var/run/$DEVICE.pid ]; then
	    kill -INT `cat /var/run/$DEVICE.pid`
	    if [ ! "$?" = "0" ]; then
	      echo "removing stale $DEVICE pid file."
	      rm -f /var/run/$DEVICE.pid ; exit 1
	    fi
	    echo "$DEVICE link terminated" ; exit 0
	  fi
	  # link not active
	  echo "$DEVICE link is not active" ; exit 1



     chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/ppp-offʹΪִе

     д/etc/ppp/options


	  # /etc/ppp/options  --ĵ
	  /dev/modem
	  38400
	  lock
	  crtscts
	  modem
	  asyncmap 0
	  remotename www.supernet.edu
	  defaultroute



     ISPʹPAPЭ飨ISPʹã/etc/ppp/pap-secrets


	  # /etc/ppp/pap-secrets  --ĵ
	  # username	 remotehost	      secret
	  # û	   Զ 	 û
	  John		 www.supernet.edu     _Loo%ny



     ༭ /etc/resolv.conf


	  # /etc/resolv.conf  --ĵ
	  search supernet.edu
	  nameserver 123.231.112.111










ϵͳ-HOWTO								     20



     ༭ /etc/sendmail.cfѰDSʼһУ£


	  DSmbox.supernet.edu



ã趨͹ˡǾ׼ʼPPP-
HOWTOɡ

Ͼֶáһײ£Ϊezpppַҵ
http://www.serv.net/~cameron/ezppp/index.html 

3.9  POPû˳

ҪPOPŷȡʼʹPOPû˳fetchpop fetch
mailȡISPPPPŷ֧LASTָ߿Ψһõķ

Щû˳ķ£

    fetch
     pop״ʱҪṩһЩϡشᣬ趨

    fetchmail¡ .fetchmailrc


	  # $HOME/.fetchmailrc	--ĵ
	  poll mbox.supernet.edu with protocol pop3;
	    user john there with password _Loo%ny is john here
	    mda "/usr/bin/procmail -f fetchmail"



     һвǱ衣chmod 600 .fetchmailrc
     趨˵ʹȨޣfetchmailȫܾС

3.10  X Ӵϵͳ

һX
Ӵᣨȷ趨ʾϸ¹ͿɫãȫȡʹúӴ򡣲ףֻǱ༭homeĿ¼ڵһ򼸸ASCI
IĵӴ

    fvwm/etc/X11/fvwm/sys
     tem.fvwmrcΪ.fvwmrchomeĿ¼ݲʼ顣system.fvwmrc
     ʵڼ򵥣fvwmƽ

    fvwm95-2/etc/X11/fvwm95-2/fvwm2rc95Ϊ.fvwm2rc95homeĿ¼Ȼб༭ʵ൱á

    TheNextLevelá/etc/X11/TheNextLevel/.*homeĿ¼ϸĶԸݡ
     .fvwm2rc.defines

⣬һҪʵ.xinitrc磺










ϵͳ-HOWTO								     21



     #!/bin/sh

     # $HOME/.xinitrc --ĵ

     # set a few keys correctly --λ趨ȷ

     usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
     xmodmap $usermodmap

     xset s noblank # turn off the screen saver --ֹͣĻ
     xset s 300 2   # screen saver start after 5 min --5ῪʼĻ
     xsetroot -solid "medium blue" &

     # rxvt ʡڴ棬м
     #	 - homeend
     #	 - backspacedeletęʱòͬ
     #	 - ɫջ趨
     #	 - 뻷ʱгͻ
     # ˣ£xtermȽϺárxvtһЩɫӦʾϺá

     xterm -ls -bg black -fg white -sb -sl 500 -j -ls -fn 10x20 -fb 10x20bold \
     -title "Color xterm" -geometry 80x25+150+0 &

     fvwm95-2

3.11  Fortran

ݾ飬g77Fortran-to-Cf2cǰyaf77

yaf77ɴftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/devel/languages/for
tran/yaf77-1.4.tgz侵ַȡá

3.12  û

û״ε¼ʱмĵáɽõ/etc/skelУbashrcbash_pro
filebash_logoutinputrcless xinitrcfvwmrcfvwm2rc95XmodmapXde
faultsjedrcjoercemacs

ע⣺ŰԵʣÿĵǰδá.ţ

.pinerc ޷г趨Ҫ趨user-domainsmtp-servernntp-server
Ĳ


4.  

4.1  Ȩ  עȨ룩

Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by their respec
tive authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and distributedin whole
or in part, in any medium physical or electronic, as long as thiscopyright
notice is retained on all copies. Commercial redistribution is allowed and
encouraged; however, the author would like to be notified of any such distribu
tions.








ϵͳ-HOWTO								     22



All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating any Linux
HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice. That is, you may
not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose additional restrictions
on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules may be granted under certain
conditions; please contact the Linux HOWTO coordinator at the address given
below.

In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through as many
channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright on the HOWTO doc
uments, and would like to be notified of any plans to redistribute the HOWTOs.

If you have questions, please contact Greg Hankins, the Linux HOWTO coordina
tor, at gregh@sunsite.unc.edu via email.

4.2  ߻Ӧ

HOW
TOȣHOWTOҪĽ顢֧֡ǻӭһһҪκ©֪֮ͨҡRed
Hat֮Linux汾õͬĿ¼ڣҲ֪ͨңԱ㽫䲹롣ֻϣʹLin
uxá

Lin
uxڵ󣬲ȫ˵Ҫ޶ڡΧڡʲǡǾֻжˡ

4.3  

ϵͳ-HOWTOΪGuido Gonzatoguido@ibogfs.cineca.it.
HOWTOߺͱдmanʹ˵ʿҶл⣬ΪʱǵƷࡣ

ġڵݡӡѾʹȷ󣬵ʹڵʱԸҲʹñڵɵκ𺦳еΡ

ݸ߸ԭ޹ء಻ʹñϲش

ϣĶáʵϣÿڰװLinuxʱá

Guido	=8-)


























ϵͳ-HOWTO								     23





































































				   CONTENTS



1.  ..................................................................... 1

2. һϵͳ趨 ............................................................. 1
   2.1	 ................................................................ 1
   2.2	ں ................................................................ 2
   2.3	ϢBootup Messages ......................................... 2
   2.4	ûƣHostname ................................................ 2
   2.5	Sendmail ͣ ....................................................... 2
   2.6	豸Device Drivers ........................................ 2
   2.7	Mouse ....................................................... 3
   2.8	λãMount Points ............................................ 3
   2.9	LILO  Loadlin ..................................................... 3
   2.10 ӡ ........................................................ 4

3.  ................................................................. 7
   3.1	bash(1) ............................................................. 7
   3.2	ls(1) .............................................................. 13
   3.3	less(1) ............................................................ 13
   3.4	emacs(1) ........................................................... 16
   3.5	joe(1) ............................................................. 16
   3.6	jed ................................................................ 16
   3.7	TeX and Friends .................................................... 17
   3.8	PPP ................................................................ 18
   3.9	POPû˳ ...................................................... 20
   3.10 X Ӵϵͳ ......................................................... 20
   3.11 Fortran ............................................................ 21
   3.12 û ........................................................... 21

4.   ................................................................... 21
   4.1	Ȩ  עȨ룩 ................................. 21
   4.2	߻Ӧ ........................................................... 22
   4.3	 ........................................................... 22




















				       i


