  Linux Partition HOWTO
  Kristan Koehntopp, kris@koehntopp.de 
   , tano@sainet.or.jp (1997/11/25) 
  $Id: howto.sgml,v 2.4 1997/11/03 06:27:22 kris Exp $

   Linux Mini-HOWTO Ǥ Linux ƥΥǥΰײ褷쥤
  ȤˡˤĤƲ⤷ޤǥΥϡɥ̤ѡƥ
  󡢥åΰΥȤ֤κݹθ뤳ȡե륷
  ࡢե륷ƥ෿ڤӴϢȥԥåˤĤƽҤ٤Ƥޤ
  ʸΰտޤطŪμ뤳ȤǼ򶵤뤳ȤǤϤޤ
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Table of Contents:

  1.      Ϥ

  1.1.    ʸϡ

  1.2.    ʸˤϤʤˤ񤤤ƤޤޤϢʸϡ

  2.      Ȥ⤢ѡƥȤϡ

  2.1.    ХååפϽ

  2.2.    ǥХֹȥǥХ̾

  3.      ϤɤʥѡƥɬפȤƤΤ

  3.1.    ɬפʥѡƥοϡ

  3.2.    åΰϤɤΤ餤礭Τ

  3.3.    ɤ˥åץڡ֤٤

  3.4.    ե륷ƥȥե饰ơ˴ؤ뤤Ĥλ

  3.5.    ѡƥʬȽǴȤʤե̿ȥХååץ
  

  4.      

  4.1.    ߤΤ鿴ԤΤο侩ǥ

  5.      ξ
  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Ϥ

  1.1.  ʸϡ

   Linux Mini-HOWTO ʸǤMini-HOWTO  Linux Υ󥹥ȡ
  ݻ˴ؤûʸǤ mini դʤ HOWTO ܤˤ
  ʤ褦ʸ٤ơ̤ʤäϰϤä
  ꤹΤ mini ʤΤǤHOWTO ϥե󥹤ǤϤޤ󡣤ϥ
  ˥奢ڡܤǤ

  1.2.  ʸˤϤʤˤ񤤤ƤޤޤϢʸϡ

   Mini-HOWTO  Linux ƥΥǥΰײΩƤƥ쥤
  ˡˤĤƤʸǤǥΥϡɥ̤ѡƥ
  åΰΥȤ֤κݹθ뤳ȡե륷ƥࡢ
  ե륷ƥ෿ڤӴϢȥԥåˤĤƽҤ٤Ƥޤʸ
  ΰտޤطŪμ뤳Ȥǡ椨ġξҲǤϤʤ
  ˸ˤĤƽҤ٤ޤ

  ŪˤϡʸϽƤΥ󥹥ȡɤޤ٤Ǥ
  ȤɤοͤˤϤä񤷤Ǥ礦鿴Ԥϥǥ쥤ȤκŬ
  ¾ƤޤäƤɤǤ뤢ʤ
  ҤäȤȡ礦 Linux Υ󥹥ȡ򽪤äȤǡΥ
  󥹥ȡ뤷ƥκŬˡΥ󥹥ȡǤΤä
  ׻㤤򺣹ͤƤΤ⤷ޤ󡣤󡢤ǤϤʸ
  ɤ߽顢󥹥ȡᤷƺƹۤʤ褦ߵ᤬
  褦˴Ԥޤ礦:-)

   Mini-HOWTO ϥǥΰηײȥ쥤ȤΤˤۤȤɤι
  䤤ƤޤĤޤ fdisk, LILO, mke2fs Хååץץ
  λȤˤĤƤϽҤ٤Ƥޤ󡣤ˤĤƤ¾ HOWTO 
  ޤLinux HOWTO κǿ Linux HOWTO Index 򸫤Ƥ
   HOWTO ʸꤹ뤿⤢ޤ

  ե륷ƥΰۤʤäʤˡɤʥ䥹ԡɤɬפ
  ˡؤ֤ˡ"Linux Multiple Disks Layout mini-HOWTO", by
  Gjoen Stein <gjoen@nyx.net> 򸫤Ʋ (:ߤ Disk-HOWTO 
  ʤäƤޤ)

  1024ʾΥǥ˴ؤȹͻˤĤƤϡ "Linux Large
  Disk mini-HOWTO", Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>  򸫤Ʋ

  桼Ȥ˻Ѥǥΰ¤ˡ(quotas)βˤĤ
  ϡ"Linux Quota mini-HOWTO", by Albert M.C. Tam <bertie@scn.org>

  ߡǥХååפˤĤƤΰŪʸϤޤ󡣤
  ΥХååˡ򼨤ʸ񤬤ĤޤLinux  IBM
  ADSMХåå״Ķ礹ˡβˤĤƤ"Linux ADSM Backup
  mini-HOWTO", Thomas Koenig <Thomas.Koenig@ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de>
  ƤLinux  MS-DOS ΥХååפȤ뤿ξ"Linux
  Backup with MSDOS mini-HOWTO", Christopher Neufeld
  <neufeld@physics.utoronto.ca>򸫤Ƥ

  HOWTOʸ񤤤Ф뤿βˤĤƤ the Linux HOWTO Index,
  Greg Hankins <gregh@sunsite.unc.edu>򸫤Ƥ

  /usr/src/linux/Documentation ʲʸܤ̤ΤѤˤʤ
  ǥɥ饤Ф˴ؤطŪμ뤿ˤ ide.txt 
  scsi.txt 򸫤Ƥޤfilesystems/ ֥ǥ쥯ȥʲΥե
  ˤܤ̤Ƥ

  2.  Ȥ⤢ѡƥȤϡ

  PC Υϡɥǥȯ줿͡ϤʣΥڥ졼ƥ
  ƥ򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷ʤޤƥˤͣ1ĤΥǥ
  ʤˤǤ1ĤʪŪǥʣŪǥ
  Ƥ뵡ɬפˤʤޤѡƥȤϡۤȤɤΥ
  ڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥǴ̡ΥǥȤư롢ϡɥǥ
  Ϣ³֥åΰΤȤǤ

  ѡƥ󤬽ŤʤäƤϤʤΤϤʬǤ礦ѡƥ
  󤬽ŤʤäƤơ륪ڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥबƱޥ˥
  ȡ뤵줿̤Υڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥνפʾ˾񤭤Ƥ
  顢򤷤ȤˤʤʤΤ餫Ǥޤܤѡƥδ
  ˤϤ֤ʤۤ褤ǤäƤͭǤϤޤ󤬡ѡƥ
  ֤˥ڡĤȤǵŤʥǥڡ̵̤ˤƤޤ
  ޤ

  ǥ˻ڤɬפϤޤ󡣥󥹥ȡѤߤΤɤΥڥ졼
  ƥ󥰥ƥˤƤƤʤڡǥκǸ֤Ƥ
  ƺ٤ޤ󡣤Ȥǥ󥹥ȡ뤷ɤΥƥǤ褯
  餫ˤʤäȤλĤäڡڤꡢ˥ե륷
  ƥ֤ȤǤޤ

  ѡƥưޤ󤷡Υե륷ƥ˲˥
  ѹ뤳ȤǤޤ󡣤Ǥ̾ѡƥΤľ
  ˤϤ줬ڤ֤٤ƤΥե륷ƥΥХååפȥꥹȥɬפ
  ʤޤºݤΤȤѡƥΤľʪˤ
  ˤʤΤϤ褯뤳ȤǤ fdisk ͤʥѡƥ
  ޥɤȤݤϡоݥޥƤΥǥΤ٤ƤХåå
  ٤Ǥ

  ºݤˤϡե륷ƥΥפˤäƤϥǡ򼺤鷺˥ѡƥ
  2Ĥˤ櫓뤳ȤǤޤ(ʤС) 㤨С"fips"ȸƤ
  ץϡMS-DOS Υ󥹥ȡľȤʤ Linux Υ
  ȡΰ뤿ˡMS-DOS ѡƥ2ĤʬޤǤ⡢
  ޥƤ򿵽Ť˥ХååפˡΥΤ˼Ф٤
  Ϥޤ󡣤Ǥ硩

  2.1.  ХååפϽ

  ơפϥХååפͧǤ®ǿǤȤפ椨
  ˡʲǽʤ˼ưŪˡ餦ȤʤХååפǤޤ

  ˤƸޤ礦ϿΥơץɥ饤֤ˤĤäƤΤ
  ä ftape ʤƤΤˤĤƸäƤΤǤϤޤSCSI 㤦
  Ȥˤޤ礦Linux  SCSI ͥƥ֤˥ݡȤƤޤASPI
  ɥ饤ФɬפʤLinux ǤϵŤ HMA ⼺鷺˽ߤޤ
  SCSI ۥȥץ󥹥ȡ뤵Ƥߥǥơס
  CD-ROM դǤϤ I/O ɥ쥹IRQ ξͲ򡢥ޥ
  졼֡PIO-level matching ʤɤǺޤʤƺѤߤޤ

  äơޤȤ SCSI ۥȥץ CPU ¿٤ʤǹ⤤ I/O
  ѥեޥ󥹤뤳ȤǤޤϡɤʥǥ٤ΤȤǤɤ
  ֤δǤޤLinux ƥפ USENET ˥塼
  ȤƻȤͽäꡢISP(󥿡ͥåȥӥץХ)ӥͥ
  ˤȤӤ⤦ȤĤʤ顢SCSI ʤǥƥ߷סۤ褦
  ̴ˤפʤȤǤǤ

  2.2.  ǥХֹȥǥХ̾

  ƥ١ΥƥǤΥѡƥο¤Ƥ
  ޤꥸʥΥѡƥơ֥ϥ֡ȥΰȤƥ
  󥹥ȡ뤵졢ä4ĤΥѡƥ󥨥ȥʬΰ褷ޤ
  ǤΥѡƥϸߤǤϴ(primary)ѡƥȸ
  ФƤޤ͡ʬΥƥˤä¿Υѡƥɬפ
  뤳Ȥ餫ˤʤȡ(logical)ѡƥ󤬹ͤФޤ
  ѡƥο̵¤Ǥ줾ѡƥ
  ѡƥؤΥݥ󥿤äƤޤΤŪˤϥ
  ƥ󥨥ȥ̵¤ΤĤʤĤȤǤޤ

  ߴݤ뤿ˡѡƥΰΤ˼
  ƤɬפޤѡƥȤȤ1Ĥδܥѡƥ
  󥨥ȥֳ꤬ĥ(extended)ѡƥפȤƻꤵ졢κ
  ȺǸΥ֥åˡ٤Ƥѡƥ󤬼ޤäƤɬ
  ޤϡѡƥ˳Ƥ줿ΰ褬Ϣ³
  ɬפȤȤŤ˼Ƥޤ ĥѡƥϰ
  ֤ޤ fdisk ץʣγĥѡƥĤ뤳
  ȤϤǤޤ

  Linux Ǥϡɥ饤ְФưȤΤǤѡƥο
  ¤ޤ Linux ǻȤܥѡƥ4Ĥޤ(ѡƥ
  ȤΤʤ3Ĥޤ)SCSI ǥǤϴܡ碌ƺ1
  5ΥѡƥȤޤ(IDE ǥǤϤ碌63)

  Linux ǤϡѡƥϥǥХեɽޤǥХե
  Ȥ c (֥饯ǥХ: ХåեåȤʤ
  ǥХ)b (֥֥åǥХ: ХåեåѤ
  ǥХ)ΥեλǤLinux ǤƤΥǥ֥åǥ
  ȤƤΤ߰ޤ¾ UnicsãȤϰۤʤꡢLinux Ǥϥǥ
  Υѡƥ"raw"饯СϤޤ

  ǥХեطͣĽפʤȤϤ줬᥸㡼/ޥʡ ǥХ
  ֹĤȤǡϥե륵ɽޤ:

        ________________________________________________________________
        $ ls -l /dev/hda
        brw-rw----   1 root     disk       3,   0 Jul 18  1994 /dev/hda
                                           ^    ^
                                           |    ޥʡǥХֹ
                                           ᥸㡼ǥХֹ
        ________________________________________________________________

  ǥХ˥ݤˤϡԤˤɤΥǥХɥ饤
  ФƤӽФΤ᥸㡼ʥС򤹤롣θƤӽФϥޥʡ
  Сѥ᡼ȤƹԤΥޥʡʥСɤΤ褦˲᤹
  Τϴ˥ɥ饤мǤ롣ɥ饤Ф˴ؤʸ̡ɥ饤
  ɤΤ褦˥ޥʡֹȤ򵭽ҤƤޤIDE ǥǤϤ
  ʸ /usr/src/linux/Documentation/ide.txt ˤޤSCSI ǥ
  Ǥϡ/usr/src/linux/Documentation/scsi.txt ˤȸȤǤ
  ˤϤޤ󡣥ɥ饤ФΥɤ򸫤Ʋ
  (/usr/src/linux/driver/scsi/sd.c:184-196 ˤޤ) ˤ Peter
  Anvin ˤǥХֹȥǥХ̾ΥꥹȤ
  /usr/src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt ˤޤ֥åǥХ
  Υȥ򸫤Ʋ᥸㡼ֹ 3, 22, 33, 34  IDE ǥ
  ˡ8  SCSI ǥˤꤢƤƤޤ᥸㡼/ޥʡֹ
  줾1ХȤǤꡢ椨ǥΥѡƥο˸
  ꤬ΤǤ

  ˤǥХեϤ̾¿Υƥץ
  ˤ̾ѥޤƤޤ IDE ǥˤ
  /dev/hd* Ȥ̾ޤ SCSI ǥˤ /dev/sd* Ȥ̾
  ꤵƤޤǥ a, b, c ʤɤֹդ졢椨
  /dev/hda Ϻǽ IDE ǥǡ/dev/sda Ϻǽ SCSI ǥ
  2ĤΥǥХϥ֥å1ϤޤǥƤɽƤޤ
  ΥǥХˤޤäġǽ񤭹ߤ򤪤ʤȥޥ֡
  ǥΥѡƥơ֥뤬졢ǥƤΥ
  ȤʤʤꡢƥबưǽˤʤޤȤ򤹤ݤˤϼʬ
  褦ȤƤ뤳Ȥ򤷡⤦٤ޤ¹Ԥ˥Хå
  åפȤäƤ

  ǥδܥѡƥ1, 2, 3, 4 ǤĤޤ /dev/hda1 1
  IDEǥ1ĤδܥѡƥǤѡƥ
  5ˤʤޤĤޤ /dev/sdb5  1ܤ SCSI ϡɥǥ
  1ĤѡƥǤ

  줾Υѡƥ󥨥ȥˤϺǽȺǸΥ֥åؤ
  쥹ȥե뷿ǼƤޤե뷿ϤΥѡƥ󤬥
  ڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥΤɤΥե뷿򼨤(1Х)Ǥ
  ԥ塼󥵥륿ȤˤȤäƤϲԤμˤʤ뤳ȤǤѡƥ
  Υե뷿ֹϼºݤͣǤϤʤ椨2ĤΥڥ졼ƥ
  ƥबƱե뷿ֹȤǽˤޤ

  Linux ϥե뷿ֹȤ 0x82 򡢥åץѡƥȤ
  0x83ͥƥ֤ʥե륷ƥ(ۤȤɤ٤ƤοͤˤȤäext2)Ȥ
  ͽ󤷤ƤޤϰŪǤϸŤʤä Linux/Minix ե
  륷ƥˤ 0x81 ƤƤޤOS/2 ϤΥѡƥ
  0x07 򤢤ơֹ Windows NT  NTFS ȤäƤޤMS-DOS 
  FAT ե륷ƥΤޤޤ̣դΰ㤤ΤˤĤΥե
  ֹƤƤޤ0x01,0x04, 0x06 ΤƤޤDR-DOS 
  0x81 ݸ줿 FAT ѡƥؤΤ˻ȤLinux/Minix 
  Ȥ˻Ȥä˷ˤ˲ޤϤ Linux/Minux
   DR-DOS ȤȤ¿ˤʤǤ礦ѡƥΤ
  ΥƥʤȤƻȤĥѡƥ0x05ηֹäƤ
  

  ѡƥ fdisk ץǺԤʤޤΩ
  ٤ƤΥڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥˤ fdisk ޤޤ졢ŪˤۤȤɤ
  ٤Ƥ OS  fdisk (ޤ FDISK.EXE )ȸƤФƤޤĤ
  fdisk Ǥϡͭ̾ʤΤ DOS ΤΤǤˡ¾Υڥ졼ƥ󥰥
  Υѡƥ򰷤Ȥ¤ޤ¤ȤϡΤʤե
  뷿ֹĤΤϰʤ1024礭򰷤ʤ
  ˽꤬ʤѡƥǧǤʤʤɤ
  ޤ㤨СMS-DOS  fdisk  NTFS ѡƥǤޤ
  OS/2  fdisk ǤϡLinux  fdisk ˤäƺ줿
  ǽäƤʤѡƥۤäƽפƤޤȤΤ
  ޤޤ DOS  OS/2  fdisk 1024ʾĥǥ
  ݤ꤬ޤ(ΥǥˤĤƤξܤ"large-
  disk" Mini-Howto򸫤Ʋ)

  3.  ϤɤʥѡƥɬפȤƤΤ

  3.1.  ɬפʥѡƥοϡ

  OKay,ǤϤɤʥѡƥ򤢤ʤɬפȤƤΤǤ礦
  ѡƥ󤫤鵯ư뤳ȤʤɡƬ顢θƤʤڥ졼
  ƥ󥰥ƥäƤޤ顢ҤäȤMS-DOS, OS/2 
  Linux ȤäƤ OS εưѡƥȤƴܥѡƥ
  ȤäƤʤ뤫⤷ޤ1Ĥδܥѡƥ󤬡ѡ
  ƥѤʪȤʤĥѡƥȤɬפȤʤ뤳Ȥ˺
  ʤ

  ڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥεưϥꥢ⡼ɤǹԤޤĤޤ BIOS
  1024¤ߤޤ򤱤뤿ˡ٤ƤΥ֡
  ȥѡƥϡɥǥκǽ1024֤ʤ
  ⤷ޤ󡣤⤦٤褯 "large-disk" Mini-Howto ɤǤ
  

  Linux 򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹뤿ˡʤȤ1ѡƥɬפǤ
  ͥ뤬Υѡƥ󤫤ɤ߹ޤʤ(㤨LILOˤ
  )Υѡƥ BIOS ɤʤФʤޤ¾ˡ
  ͥɤ߹(㤨Х֡ȥǥ MS-DOS  Linux ư
   LOADLIN.EXE ʤ)ѡƥϤɤˤäƤ⤤Ǥ
  ˤƤΥѡƥϥե뷿 0x83"Linux native" ˤ
  ޤ

  ƥˤϤ餫Υåΰ褬ɬפǤե˥åפȤ
  ΤǤʤСѤΥåץѡƥɬפˤʤޤΥѡ
  ƥ Linux ͥˤ륢ΤߤǡLinux ͥ PC
  BIOS ηǺޤޤΤǡåץѡƥϤɤ֤
  ⤫ޤޤ󡣻ѡƥ(/dev/?d?5)ȤȤ
  ᤷޤѤLinuxåץѡƥϥե뷿 0x82 "Linux
  swap" Ǥ

  ϺǾ¤ΥѡƥǤLinux ˤȤäƤϤ¿Υѡ
  ƥ⤷ޤ󡣰ʹߤɤǤ

  3.2.  åΰϤɤΤ餤礭Τ

  ѤΥåץѡƥȤȷ᤿̤ 'Good Idea
  tm'Ǥ˾硢礭ѤΤˤϰʲΥɥ饤Ȥä
  :

  o  Linux Ǥ RAM ȥåΰϲûޤ(Ƥ Unix 
     櫓ǤϤޤ)㤨 8MB  RAM  12MB Υåΰ褬
     С碌 20MB βۥ꤬Ȥޤ

  o  åΰΥۥ򾯤ʤȤ 16MB Ϥ
     ٤ǤĤޤ 4MB  RAM ΤȤϾʤȤ 12MB Υåפ
     ꡢ8MB  RAM ΤȤϾʤȤ 8MB Υåפ٤Ǥ

  o  LinuxǤ1ĤΥåץѡƥ 128MB ʾȤޤ󡣸
     Сѡƥ󤽤ΤΤ 128MB 礭Ǥޤ 128MB
     ĶʬϷ褷ƻȤʤΤǤ⤷ 128MB ʾΥåפ
     ȤϡʣΥåץѡƥʤФʤޤ
     

  o  åΰΥޤ˥åΰꤹ
     ⡢ʬΩʤȤαդƤ

     ٤ƤΥץϡ֥󥰥åȡפäƤޤϤ
     ǤץåˤäƻȤ줦롢ڡȤƤʤ¥
     ˤڡΥåȤǤLinux ϡΥꥢ
     ľ˻ȤäڡۤɻȤ䤹פȤΤȤͽ¬
     ǽʸ¤ꤳ¥Υڡ˻ĤƤȤޤ⤷ץ
     Ρֶɽ껲פɤˤϡβͽۥ르
     ꥺͭƯǤ礦

     ΰ褬ᥤˤȤɤޤäƤΤϡ꤬ʬ
     Ǥޥץ¿ȡͥϡȤ
     ȤϤΥڡǥɤФơɬפʥڡ
     ǥɤ߽ФƤȤ̵̤ʡư򤻤ʤ
     ˤʤޤη̡ڡ󥰤ΰ۾ä򾷤ǽ
     ޤ줬֥å(thrashing)פȸƤФ
     ǤʥɥĿͤɼԤΤ­ "thrashing"
     "dreschen", "schlagen", "haemmern"ˤΤȤ "trashing"
     "muellen")  ΤȤǤϤޤ󡣡

     å󥰾֤ΥޥǤϼ¼Ū˥ץ RAM Ǥʤǥ
     ưƤޤäͽ¬ǽ㲼ϡꥢ
     ®٤ȥǥ®٤Ȥʤޤ

     PDP  Vax λΤȤƤŤи§ǤϥץΥ󥰥å
     ΥϤβۥΤ褽25%Ǥ椨RAMΣܰʾ
     åפϡ̣ޤ

     Ϸи§ǤʤȤȤФƤƤ
     ץΥ󥰥åȤ礭Ȥ뤤ϤȤƤ⾮
     ʤƤȤϤä夦ޤ㤨Сˤޤޤ
     ˡǥ礭ʥǡåȤ򰷤ߥ졼ץ
     ǤϡΥǡ˶ɽ껲ϤۤȤ¸ߤޤ
     äơΥ󥰥åȤ礭Ǥ礦

     Ʊˤ JPEG ե򳫤1Ĥƥ
     󲽤줿 xv 礭ʥǡȤޤ
     ƤΥ᡼Ѵ(Ʊˤ)1ĤΥ᡼ǤΤߤʤƤΤ
     xv ꡼ΤۤȤɤϰƤޤƱȤ
     ǥåȥɥ򤿤󳫤ƱѹΤ1ĤΥ
     ɥΤߤȤǥˤ⤢ƤϤޤޤΥץ
     (⤷⤽餬߷פƤ)ȤƤ⤿ɽ껲
     ѥեޥ󥹤ˤۤɽʱƶ򤢤ˤ¿
     ʬ򥹥åץȤƤޤ

     ޥɥ饤λ夫 25% ȤϡʣΥɥȤ
     褦ʸ GUI ץˤȤäƤϤʤͽۤǤ
     ޤοΤ褦Ȥ뿷ʸߤȤ
     ޤ

  Ǥ 16MB RAM ΤФǾ¤ǤϥåפɬפǤϤʤ
  48MB ۤ륹åפϤ̵֤ѤǤ礦Τɬץ̤ϥޥ
  Υץꥱˤޤ(ʤˤԤƤǤ)

  3.3.  ɤ˥åץڡ֤٤

  o  ᥫ˥٤쥯ȥ˥®

     ǶΥϡɥǥϤΥإåɤäƤޤƱȥå
     Υإåɴ֤ΥåϹ®ǤϤ줬ŵŪʤȤ
     Ǥȥå֤Υå®Ǥϸ¤ʪư
     Ǥ

     ʤΤǡإåɤ¿ǥȥإåɤξʤǥ٤ȡ¾
     ǤƱξ硢¿Υإåɤĥǥ®Ǥ礦

     åפʬ䤷Υǥ֤Ȥ®ʤ
     ޤ

  o  ΤΥǥˤƤΥȥåƱΥޤ
     褦ʥǥξ硢ǥإåɤʥȥå饹
     ΰ˰ư뤳Ȥͤȡåפǥο֤Ⱥ
     ®Ǥ

  o  ǶΥǥǤ ZBR (zone bit recordingˤѤƤޤ
     ϳ¦Υȥåˤ󥻥֤ޤäƲž®
     ʤ顢¦Υȥå¦٤Ƥäǽ⤯ʤޤ
     åפϹ®ʥȥå֤ޤ礦

  o  ǥإåɤɬư櫓ǤϤޤ
     ˻ home ѡƥοȡۤȤɻȤʤݴѥ
     ƥο˥åΰä򤯤٤Сإåɤ
     ưǾǺѤ home ѡƥ ο˥åפۤ
     ®Ǥޤ⤦λȤäƤʤǥˤ⥹åפ
     Ф®Ǥ

  ޤȤᡧ¾λŻ˻ʤ¿Υإåɤä®ʥǥ
  åΰޤ礦ʣΥǥäƤȤƤΥǥ
  塢ۤʤ륳ȥ餬ФǤ⥹åפʬ䡢ʬ
  礦

  ɤˡRAMä㤤ޤ礦

  3.4.  ե륷ƥȥե饰ơ˴ؤ뤤Ĥλ

  ǥڡϥڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥˤäƥ֥åñ̤֥
  Υե饰ȤǴƤޤext2 Ǥϥե饰Ȥȥ֥å
  ƱǤʤФʤޤ󡣤Ǥϵ֥å˸¤뤳
  ȤǤޤ

  եϤʤ륵Ǥ⤢ꤨޤϥ֥åǤϽ
  󡣤ƤΥեǤϥեκǸΥ֥åΰ̵̤Ȥ
  ޤե륵Ե§ȤСǥΥեΤ줾
  ˥֥åȾʬ()̵̤ͽۤǤޤTanenbaum 
  Ϥ"Operating Systems"Τʤ"internal fragmentation"ȸƤǤ
  ޤ

  ǥinodeοե¬Ǥޤξ
  ϡ

        ________________________________________________________________
        # df -i
        Filesystem           Inodes   IUsed   IFree  %IUsed Mounted on
        /dev/hda3              64256   12234   52022    19%  /
        /dev/hda5              96000   43058   52942    45%  /var
        ________________________________________________________________

  12000Υե뤬/(롼)ˡ44000Υե뤬/var ˤޤ1
  KBΥ֥åǤ 6+22 = 28 MB Υǥ̤եο
  ʬȤƼƤޤ֥å 4KB Ȥ硢̤4
  򼺤Ȥˤʤޤ

  ǡž®٤ϤϢ³ǡΤޤΤۤ®Ǥ
   ext2 ϥ礭ʤĤĤեΤ8ĤϢ³
  åȤˤ餫ΰƤ褦Ȥޤ餫ȤäƤ
  ΰλȤʤʬϤΥե뤬Ĥ줿Ȥ˲ޤ

  1ĤΥե뤬Ϣ³ʥ֥å֤ƤΤϥѥեޥ󥹤
  Ǥ褯ʤȤǤʤʤեϤФϢ³Ū˥뤫
  Ǥե뤬Ϣ³ȥڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥ˥ǥ
  ʬ䤷ʤФʤ餺ǥϥإåɤưʤФʤޤ󡣤
  "external fragmentation"Ȥñ"ե饰ơ
  (fragmentation)"ȸƤФ DOSե륷ƥȶ̤Ǥ

  ext2  external fragmentation 򤱤뤿ˤĤάäƤ
  ޤ̡ե饰ơ USENET ˥塼סͤ˹Ȥ
  ʤ¤ꡢext2 ˤȤä礭ǤϤޤext2 ե륷
  ѤΥǥե饰ġ뤬ΤǤext2 θ꡼ɤդƤ
  󡣤ȤȤϡʬǤǹԤäƤ

  MS-DOS ե륷ƥϥǥڡΰ۾ʴǤ褯ΤƤ
  ޤMS-DOS ΥХåեåλȤҤɤȤޤäƥ
  եޥ󥹤˵ڤܤեե饰ơαƶϺݤäƤ
   DOS 桼ãϤۤȤ轵ǥǥե饰뤳Ȥ˴Ƥ
  ơǥե饰뤳Ȥ˴ؤƵŪʿĤãƤͤ餤ޤ
  褦ʽ Linux  ext2 ˻٤ǤϤޤLinux Υͥ
  ƥ֤ʥե륷ƥ̤λȤǤϥǥե饰ɬפȤޤ
  ǥζΰ褬ʤȤ 5% ʤ̤λȤפ
  ƤǤ

  MS-DOS ե륷ƥϤޤinternal fragmentation ˤǥ
  礭ʬ򼺤ȤΤƤޤ256MB 礭ʥѡƥ
  Ǥ DOS Υ֥åϤϤȤ񤤤ۤ礭ʤޤ(Τ
  Ȥ FAT32 ˤĥʤɤˤ⤢ƤϤޤޤ)

  ext2 ϡʥ֥åΩˤʤ0.5TB (ƥХȤɤ
  1TB  1024GB ˤʤޤ)Ȥʾεʥե륷ƥʳϡ
  礭ʥե륷ƥΤ礭ʥ֥åФʤФʤ
  ȤȤϤޤ󡣤ǤΤ DOS Ȱäơ֥å
  뤿礭ʥǥʣΥѡƥʬɬפϤ
  󡣲ǽʤСǥեȤΥ֥å 1KBȤäƤ
  ĤΥѡƥ¸Ū 2KB Υ֥åˤƤߤʤ뤫
  ⤷ޤ󤬡ޤʥХ뤳Ȥи礷ƤƤۤ
  ɤοͤǥեȤȤäƤΤǡ

  3.5.  ѡƥʬȽǴȤʤե̿ȥХååץ
  

  ext2 ΤȤǤϡѡƥʬϥХååפθۤʤ
  ե̿ external fragmentation 򤱤뤿ʤɤ
  ٤Ǥ

  եˤϼ̿ޤե뤬줿ȡϤФ餯
  ƥݻ졢Τ˺ޤեμ̿ϥƥ͡
  Ǥ٥եΥѥ˰¸ޤ㤨С/bin, /sbin,
  /usr/sbin, /usr/bin ȤƱ褦ʥǥ쥯ȥΥեϤ餯
  Ĺ̿(Ȥʾ)ĤǤ礦/home ΥեϿ
  椯餤μ̿ĤǤ礦/var Υե̡̿
  ûǤ /var/spool/news ΥեϿʾϻĤʤǤ礦
  /var/spool/lpd ΥեϿʬȤʲñ̤Ǽ̿פޤ

  ⤷֥ǥ꡼Хååספ̤Хååץǥ1̰ʲ
  ХХååפϤ䤹Ǥ֥ǥ꡼ХååספȤϥեХ
  åפޤϥ󥯥󥿥ХååפǤ

  ѡƥ󥵥1ΥХååץǥ˼ޤ褦ˡʬ
  Ƥ褦ˤ뤳ȤǤޤ(եХååפ褦ˤ
  ޤ礦) ǤʤǤ⡢ѡƥʬ(ѹ
  ƤΥե)1ΥХååץǥ˽ʬޤ٤礭
  Ƥ٤Ǥ(󥯥󥿥Хååפ򤷡轵
  եХåå -̵ͤǤϺȤǤʤХåå- ٤˥Хåå
  ǥ򴹤褦ˤޤ礦)

  ʤΥХååάϤη˰¸Ƥޤ

  ǥΰ˴ؤײ褷ꡢǥȤϡХååפ
  ˽ʬʤѰդ뤳ȤαդƤƤХååפ
  ƤʤǡϲͤʤΤǤǡľȤϤۤȤɤ
  ٤ƤοͤˤȤäƥХååפΥȤꤺä礭ΤǤ

  ۤʤä̿ĥեۤʤäѡƥ֤ƤΤϥ
  եޥ󥹤ˤȤäƤ褤ȤǤΤ꤫ȥ˥塼ѡƥ
  û̿ʥեϥե饰Ȥ礭ǤΤȤ /  /home
  ѡƥΥѥեޥ󥹤˱ƶ򤪤ܤȤϤޤ

  4.  

  4.1.  ߤΤ鿴ԤΤο侩ǥ

  ŪʥǥǤ /, /home, /var ѡƥ嵭Τ褦˺
  ΤȤϥ󥹥ȡݻñʤΤˤե̿ΰ㤤
  餯Թ򤱤Τ˽ʬʶʬǤϥХååץǥ
  ˤ褯ƤϤޤޤۤȤɤοͤ USENET ˥塼סϥХå
  åפʤǤ礦/var ǥХååפͤΤϤ
  ĤΥեǤ礦 (/var/spool/mail פ⤫֤Ǥ礦)
  / Ϥޤѹޤ󤫤顢ɬפʤȤˤ(ѹ
  )ХååפɤǤ礦ޤۤȤɤθŪʥХå
  ץǥ˥եХååפǤۤɽʬǤ(󥹥ȡ뤹
  륽եȥ礭ˤä250500MBƤޤ礦)/home 
  Ѳ桼ǡޤޤΤХååפ٤Ǥ
  ȡ֤ˤäƤϵ /home ꡢ󥯥󥿥Хåå
  򤷤ʤФʤޤ
  Τ/tmp  ʬ䤷ѡƥ֤Ƥ륷ƥ⤢
  ޤ̤ΥƥǤ /var/tmp ˥ܥå󥯤Ϥä(
  ϥ󥰥桼⡼ɤ˱ƶڤܤư /tmp 1ĺ뤫 /var
  ޥȤޤǥƥ /tmp ʤȤ)RAM ǥ
  ˤ֤Ȥ(Ȥ Solalis )Ʊͤθ̤äƤޤ
  ΤȤ / ΤȤ /tmp ֤ƤΤɤͤǤ

  äơΥǥϥåץ졼ɤƥ󥹥ȡξǤ
  ե(ޤ /etc ) /home ǥ쥯ȥΤɤ¸Ƥ
  С / κ䡢ƥ󥹥ȡ롢Ť /home ˤ¸Ƥ
  ǥ쥯ȥ꤫ФʤɤǤޤ

  5.  ξ

  ˸Ť ISA Х 386/40 ޥ󤬤⤦夲Τʤê2ǯ
  ƤޤǡLANΤ˴ǤXʤΥФ
  Ȥ뤳Ȥͤޤ

  ʲΤäȤǤ 386 ˤ 16MB RAM Τޤ¤
  ƺˤϤǾ (800MB)EIDE ǥȥͥåȥɤɲä
  ޤ˸Ťإ饯쥹ΥӥǥɤɲäޤˤĤʤ
  ˥äǤ Linux 򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹С
  NFS, SMB, HTTP, LPD/LPR, NNTP Сν夬Ǥ᡼륵Ф
  POP3 ФˤǤޤ̤Υǥ ISDN ɤ TCP/IP 롼
  եˤʤޤ

  ΥޥǻȤǥΰΤۤȤɤ /var ǥ쥯ȥˤ
   /var/spool/mail, /var/spool/news, /var/httpd/html ʤɤǤ/var
  ʬΥѡƥ֤礭ΰ򤢤ƤޤΥ
  ˤϤۤȤɥ桼ΰϤʤΤǡ /home Ϻ餺¾Υ
  ơ󤫤 NFS ǥޥȤޤ

  X ȤĤΥ桼ƥƥΤ Linux ƥ / ˤƤä
  250MB Υѡƥ˽ʬǤ礦Υޥ 16 MB  RAM 
  äƤޤ¿ΥСưޤ 16MB Υåפ餯ɬ
  פǡ32MB нʬǤ礦Ǥϥǥڡ­Ƥ
  櫓ǤϤʤΤ32MBȤޤ󥿥ʵʬϼΤƤơ MS-DOS 
  ƥ20MB餤ˤޤ¾Υޥ󤫤 /home 򥤥ݡ
  ȷ᤿Τǡ500MBʾ /var ȤƻĤޤʤ USENET
  ˥塼ӥȤƤϽʬʾǤ礦

  Ǥʤޤ

        ________________________________________________________________
        Device     Mounted on                      Size
        /dev/hda1  /dos_c                           25 MB
        /dev/hda2  - (Swapspace)                    32 MB
        /dev/hda3  /                               250 MB
        /dev/hda4  - (Extended Container)          500 MB
        /dev/hda5  /var                            500 MB

        homeserver:/home /home                     1.6 GB
        ________________________________________________________________

  ХååפϥۡॵСΥơפѤƥͥåȥͳǤʤ
  ޤΥޥƤ CD-ROM 饤󥹥ȡ뤷ΤʤΤǡ¸
  ƤʤФʤʤΤ ޥ /etc ʲե
   /root/Source/Installed 饤󥹥ȡ뤷 *.tgz ե
  롢/var/spool/mail /var/httpd/html ʤɤǤΥե
  եۡॵС /home/backmeup ˥ԡޤХۡॵ
  СΥХååפκݡХååפǤޤ

