  The Linux Bootdisk HOWTO
  Tom Fawcett and Graham Chapman 
  v2.3, 4 April 1997
  ͺ
  v2.3j2, 25 November 1997

  ʸ Linux Ѥ boot ǥboot/root ǥutility ǥ
  ʤɤκˡˤĤƽҤ٤ΤǤΥǥϥ쥹塼
  ǥ俷ͥΥƥȤѤǤޤ: Υǥ
  ˡLinux Installation HOWTO  Linux Install Guide ʤɤ
  FAQϢʸɤǲɤǤʤϥ֡ȥǥ٤
  ǤϤޤ
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Table of Contents:

  1.      Ϥ

  1.1.    ֡ȥǥŪ
  1.2.    ո / ۤˤĤƵڤӼռ
  1.3.    

  2.      ǥ

  2.1.    ǥμ
  2.2.    boot ǥ
  2.3.    root ǥ
  2.4.    boot/root ǥ
  2.5.    utility ǥ

  3.      ǥι

  3.1.    ե륷ƥ
  3.2.    ͥ
  3.3.    ǥХ
  3.4.    ǥ쥯ȥ
  3.5.    LILO

  4.      ֡ȥǥ

  4.1.    
  4.2.    롼ȥե륷ƥ
  4.3.    ̤׻
  4.4.    եեåԡ˥ԡ
  4.5.    2 ȤΥåȤ

  5.      ȥ֥륷塼

  6.      FAQ ꥹ

Appendix

  A.      ;

  A.1.    ۥѥåΥ֡ȥǥ
  A.2.    LILO - Linux 
  A.3.    Linux FAQ  HOWTO ʸ
  A.4.    RAM ǥλȤ
  A.5.    쥹塼ѥå

  B.      

  B.1.    ǥΥǥ쥯ȥ
  B.2.    եåԡѥ륹ץ
  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Ϥ

  1.1.  ֡ȥǥŪ

  Linux Υ֡ȥǥϼΤ褦ʾΩޤ

  o  ͥΥƥȡ

  o  ǥ㳲䥷ƥ㳲βΤ褦ʾ㳲θˤϥǥ
     إåɤΥå֡ȥξüʤ͡ʤΤ
     

  ֡ȥǥˤϤĤˡޤ:

  o  Slackware Τ褦ۥѥåΤΤѤ롣ѥå˴ޤޤ
     Ƥ֡ȥǥѤСʤȤ֡ȤϤǤޤ

  o  쥹塼ǥեȤѤ롣

  o  ֡ȥǥΤ˲ɬפؤӡʬȤǥ֡ȥǥ
     롣

  ϺǸˡӤޤʬǺǤ褦˥֡ȥǥư
  ؤΤǤ򤷤Ƥв줿Ǥ⼫Ϥǽ
  ʤͤФȤǤޤޤ Linux ư˴ؤ뿼
  ޤ

  ʸϷиѤ Linux 桼ˤϤޤΩʤΤޤ
  󡣤 Linux Υƥиʤơ롼ȥƥʶ
  ɤλΤɤȻפäƤˤΩĤȻפޤ

  ʸϰʲΥѥåӥСбƤޤ

  o  Linux 2.0.6

  o  LILO 0.19

  Copyright (c) Tom Fawcett and Graham Chapman 1995, 1996, 1997.

  Permission is granted for this material to be freely used and
  distributed, provided the source is acknowledged.  The copyright
  conditions are intended to be no more restrictive than version 2 of
  the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
  Foundation.

  No warranty of any kind is provided. You use this material at your own
  risk.

  ܸ

   (c) Tom Fawcett and Graham Champman 1996

  ʸѤӺۤϡ۸Ƥ¤꼫ͳǤ
  ξ˴ؤƤ Free Software Foundation  GNU Ǥ˽
  ΤȤޤ

  ʸȤȤФݾڤϤޤ󡣤ʬǤβǤѲ
  

  ʸϡŸ۰줵 v1.01 ФƹԤäǤ
  Ȥˡͺ v2.0 ʹߤؤбȹԤäƤޤʸ
  पջ˴ؤƤϡꥸʥ˽ऺΤȤޤ

  1.2.  ո / ۤˤĤƵڤӼռ

  ʸƤ˴ؤɤʰոǤɤɤǤ˴ޤޤ
  ϳդϢƲȤ佤ʤɤ Tom
  Fawcett (fawcett@nynexst.com) ޤ Graham Chapman
  (grahamc@zeta.org.au) ޤǤꤤޤ

  ˴ؤ륳Ȥͺnakano@apm.seikei.ac.jpˤޤǤ
  ꤤޤ

  ͭפʽĺޤʲ˴פޤ

                Randolph Bentson
                Grant R. Bowman
                Scott Burkett
                Cameron Davidson
                Bruce Elliot
                Javier Ros Ganuza
                HARIGUCHI Youichi
                Duncan Hill
                Bjxrn-Helge Mevik
                Lincoln S. Peck
                Dwight Spencer
                Cameron Spitzer
                Johannes Stille

  1.3.  

  v.2.3, 4 April 1997. ǤǤѹϰʲ̤:

  o  FAQ κǽμʡ֤ʤΥǥϥ֡ȤʤΡסˤΩ
     ϡʡ֥ȥ֥륷塼ȡסˤ˰ưYard Υȥ֥륷塼Ⱦ
     򤽤ξϤɲá

  o  D.Hill  J.R.Ganuza ΰո˽Ĥѹ

  o  ref  label ƽ֡

  o  ץȤȾ꥽Ͽ˰ư

  o  ۥѥå bootdisk  URL ȤΥߥ顼ξɲá

  v2.2, 1 September 1996. ǤǤѹϰʲ̤:

  o  : ramdisk word  rdev Ǥ zImage ˤƤޤäƤΤ
     /dev/fd0 ˽

  v2.1, 18 August 1996. ǤǤѹϰʲ̤:

  ǤǤϥͥ 1.2  2.0 ؤΥС󥢥åפȼѹȿ
  Ǥ뤿ˡʲǤԤä

  o  ѹ: 륹ץȤȥǥ쥯ȥΰѹ

  o  ѹ: FAQ ˤä"oversize ramdisk" ˴ؤʬȾ

  o  : mkfs -i  mke2fs -i Ǥɬפä

  o  : dd ޥɤ zero rootdisk device ѤȤΥѥ᡼
     ְäƤ

  o  : root ǥΥե륷ƥݤѤ mke2fs 
     ޥɤˤơɬפäѥ᡼

  o  ѹ: Bootkit 桼ƥƥο㤵˴ؤƾѹԤ
     

  o  ѹ: ߻ȤֹǤʤȥˤʤĤϥѡƥ
     Ūʥ󥯤äʤ...ˡ

  o  ɲ: ե򥳥ԡȤ cpio Ȥˡ⼨

  o  ɲ: ɬפʥǥХե뤿ΥĤä

  o  ɲ: ʤˤȿ̵Ȥˤɤɤ FAQ ɲä

  o  ɲ: κ٤ѹ

  v2.0, 12 June 1996. ǤǤѹϰʲ̤:

  o  ɲ: Tom Fawcett ԤʸδԤȤƲää

  o  ɲ: 6.3  RAM ǥλˡɲä

  o  ɲ:Bootdisk ԡ٤ꤷɲä1.3.48 ʹߤΥ
     ͥѹ줿 RAM ǥΰˤĤƽҤ٤

  o  ѹ: /lib ǥ쥯ȥ񤭴

  o  ѹ:  RAM ǥλˡѲˤĤơ Tips ä
     

  ΥСϰʲ̤ꡣ

  o  v1.02, 25 June 1995 - ޥʡѹ

  o  v1.01, 6 February 1995 - ޥʡѹ

  o  v1.0, 2 January 1995 - HOWTO ʸηǤν꡼

  o  v0.10, 1 Novemer 1994 - ꥸʥΥɥե

  2.  ǥ

  2.1.  ǥμ

  ֡Ȥ˴ؤǥ 4 ʬषޤʸǤä˻ꤷ
  ¤֥ǥפȤդϥեåԡǥΤȤؤޤʤ
  ʸʬϥϡɥǥˤƱ褦ŬѤǤϤǤ

  ǥηӤˤĤƤޤȤޤ

     boot
        ֡Ȳǽʥͥޤǥե륷ƥƥ֡
        ȥѤ뤳ȤǤޤñ˥ͥƤ
        ȤǤޤΥǥȤäƥͥ֡Ȥ¾Υǥ
        ˤ롼ȥե륷ƥȤȤǤޤΤ褦
        ǥϡ󥹥ȡְ㤨ƥ֡ȥäƤޤä
        ʤɤΩޤ

     root
        ե륷ƥޤߡ 1  Linux ƥư뤳
        ȤǤ褦ʥǥǤͥ֡ȥɬ
        ɬפϤޤ

        öͥ뤬֡ȤСΥǥǥƥư
        뤳ȤǤޤ̤ͥʵǽС֡ȸ˥
        ȥǥؤƥޥȤ롼ȥǥȤ RAM
        ǥ˥ԡƥƥѤ褦ʤȤǤޤ

        ǥޥȤĴ٤ꡢǥɤե
        ξüäǥˤ root ǥ
        Ѥ뤳ȤǤޤ

     boot/root
        root ǥƱǤͥȥ֡ȥޤޤƤ
        ΥǥѤХƥ֡ȤƲư뤳Ȥ
        ޤΥפΥǥ 1 Υǥɬפ
        ƤǼƤ뤿ᡢ갷ڤǤ뤳ȤǤ
        򺣤ǤϿʤΤΥ礭ʤäƤƤޤΤǡ1 
        ǥˤϡʰ̤ȤäƤɬפʤƤޤ꤭ʤǽ
        ޤ

     utility
        ե륷ƥޤߤޤ롼ȥե륷ƥȤƥޥ
        Ȥ뤿˺줿ΤǤϤʤǥutility ǥղŪ
        ʥǡǥǤΥפΥǥ root ǥ
        ڤʤѤΥ桼ƥƥʤɤ̤Ƥ˻Ȥ
        

  쥹塼ǥӤˤ boot ǥ root ǥȤ߹碌
  ѤȺǤʱѤǤǤ礦꤭ʤʬФ
  utility ǥ̤ѰդΤɤǤ礦

  2.2.  boot ǥ

  2.2.1.  

  Ƥ PC ƥΥ֡ȽǤϡޤ ROM Υɤ¹Ԥޤ
  Υɤϥ֡ȥɥ饤֤Υ 0 0 ˤ륻ɤ߹
  Ǽ¹Ԥޤ֡ȲǽʥǥΥ 0 0 ˤϡʲ
  Τɤ餫äƤޤ

  o  LILO Τ褦ʥ֡ȥΥɡ֡ȥϥͥΰ֤
     ꤷƥɤ¹Ԥƥ֡ȤŬڤ˳Ϥޤ

  o  Linux Τ褦 OS ΥͥƬʬ

  Linux ͥ뤬 raw ǥХΥեåԡ˽񤫤Ƥϡǽ
   Linux ͥ뼫ȤƬˤʤꡢΥ֡ȥץ
  ¹ԤޤĤޤꥫͥλĤʬɤ Linux ¹
  櫓Ǥ֡ȥȤˤĤƤξܺ٤ lilo-0.15 ʾ°
  ʸ

  ͥ֡ȥǥ֤⤦Ĥˡϡ֡ȥǥ˥ե
  륷ƥ뤳ȤǤϥ롼ȥե륷ƥȤѤ
  뤿ΤΤǤϤʤñ LILO 򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷֡ȻΥޥɥ
  󥪥ץǤ褦ˤ뤿Υե륷ƥǤ֡
  ǥ˥ե륷ƥС㤨ФҤȤĤΥͥǥϡɥǥ
  ȥեåԡΥ롼ȥե륷ƥ򤷤ƥ֡Ȥ뤳
  ǽˤʤޤϥϡɥǥΥե륷ƥƹۤ
  ֤ƥȤԤ褦ʾǤ礦

  2.2.2.  롼ȤؤΥݥ󥿤

  롼ȥե륷ƥȤƥޥȤɥ饤֤ѡƥξ
  򥫡ͥɬפޤĤˡޤ

  o  Linux ͥ makefile  ROOT_DEV = <devicename> ꤷ
     ͥƹۤ롣ͥκƹۤˤĤƤ Linux FAQ ɤǤ
     /usr/src/linux ǥ쥯ȥ򸫤ƲLinux  Makefile ˤ
     devicename Ѥ뤳ȤΤǤͤҤƤޤ

  o  rdev ޥɤ¹Ԥ롣

                rdev filename devicename

     Υޥɤˤꡢե <filename> äƤ륫ͥΥ롼
     ȥǥХ <device> ꤵޤ㤨

                rdev zImage /dev/sda1

     ȤСե zImage ˴ޤޤ륫ͥΥ롼ȥǥХϡ
     1 SCSI ɥ饤֤ 1 ѡƥˤʤޤ

  rdev ޥɤˤϾ嵭ʳλȤ⤢ޤ

                rdev -h

  Τ褦˼¹ԤХޥɤλȤɽޤ

  ߤΥƥ򤽤Τޤޥ֡Ȥեåԡϡ̾롼
  ǥХɬפޤ󡣸ѤƤ륫ͥˤϴ˥롼ȥ
  ХϤƤϤǤ㤨¾Υޥ󤫤饫ͥ
  äƤꡢۥѥå饫ͥäƤꡢ뤤ϥե
  ԡΥ롼ȥե륷ƥ֡Ȥ뤿˥ͥȤ
  ʤɤˤϡͥ˥롼ȥǥХꤹɬפޤrdev 
  ɤѤƥͥեꤵƤ롼ȥǥХĴ٤ˤ
  ʲΤ褦ˤޤ

                rdev <filename>

  rdev Ѥ˥ͥΥ롼ȥǥХѹ뤳ȤǤޤ
  ܤϤʸκǸˤ FAQ 򸫤Ʋ

  2.2.3.  boot եåԡؤΥͥΥԡ

  ꤬ͥä֡ȥեåԡ˥ͥ򥳥ԡޤ

  ʲΥޥɡʤƤ HOWTO ˽ФƤƤΥޥɡˤǤϡǥ
  ʪեޥåȤƤΤȤƤޤեޥåȤƤ
  ʤ fdformat ѤƥեޥåȤƲ

  ǥ˥ե륷ƥۤʤϡʲΤ褦 dd ޥ
  Ѥƥͥ򥳥ԡޤ

                dd if=infilename of=devicename

   infilename ϥͥΥե̾devicename ϥեåԡɥ
  ֤ΥǥХ̾ /dev/fd0ˤǤ

  cp ޥɤȤޤ

                cp filename devicename

  㤨аʲΤ褦ˤʤޤ

                dd if=zImage of=/dev/fd0

  ޤ

                cp zImage /dev/fd0

  dd ޥɤ seek ѥ᡼ѤƤϤޤ󡣥ͥե
  ϥ֡ȥƬʥ 0 0ˤ饳ԡɬפ뤫
  Ǥseek ѥ᡼ꤷʤƬˤʤޤ

  ̾ѤϥǥХ̾ϡեåԡ 1 ɥ饤֡DOS 
  "A:"ˤ /dev/fd0 2 ɥ饤֤ /dev/fd1 ǤΥǥХ̾
  ѤХɥ饤֤°ϼưȽꤵޤ¾ΥǥХ̾Ѥ°
  ޤ᤿ɥ饤ֻǽǤ㤨 /dev/fd0H1440 Ȥ 1.44
  ᥬХȤ 1 ɥ饤֤ꤹ뤳ȤˤʤޤäȤ⤳Τ褦
  ꤬ɬפˤʤ뤳ȤϤޤʤǤ礦

  ե륷ƥۤ֡ȥǥ˥ͥ򥳥ԡϡ
  ǥΥե륷ƥŬʥǥ쥯ȥ˥ޥȤƤ
   cp ޥɤѤƥԡޤʲ򼨤ޤ

                mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt
                cp zImage /mnt
                umount /mnt

  ʤ HOWTO ǹԤȤϡۤȤɤ root ¤Ǽ¹Ԥɬפ
  ȤդƲ

  2.3.  root ǥ

  2.3.1.  

  root ǥˤϴư Linux ƥबޤޤƤޤ
  ͥɬޤޤƤޤ󡣸ؤ root ǥϥ֡Ȳǽ
  ǤϤʤ⤷ޤ󤬡ͥ뤬ưϤ᤿ Linux ƥ
  ɬפȤʤƤޤǤ櫓Ǥä root ǥˤϺ
  ʲΤ褦ʤΤäƤɬפޤ

  o  ե륷ƥ

  o  ɬפʥǥ쥯ȥ - devprocbinetclibusrtmp

  o  Ūʥ桼ƥƥץ - bash (shell ư뤿)
     lscp ʤ

  o  ɬפʽե - rcinittabfstab ʤ

  o  桼ƥƥץबѤ¹Ի饤֥

  󲿤ξưʤХƥΩޤ󡣰ʲΤ褦
  ʤȤǤʤС롼ȥǥΩĤȤϸޤ

  o  ¾Υɥ饤֤ˤե륷ƥ㤨ХϡɥǥΥ롼
     ե륷ƥˤθԤʤˤϸǥȤ
     Υɥ饤֡㤨 root ǥˤ Linux Ω夲
     ǥޥȤʤ֤ fsck ¹Ԥɬפޤ

  o  Хååפ鸵Υ롼ȥɥ饤֤ޤϰ cpiotar
     gzipftape νˡ̥ץѤǤ뤳ȡ

  2.4.  boot/root ǥ

  ϴŪ root ǥƱǤͥȥ֡ȥLILO
  ʤɡˤޤǤޤ

  Υǥˤϥͥե򥳥ԡƤ LILO ¹Ԥ
  ơԡͥư褦ꤹɬפޤƥ
  Ω夲 LILO ϥǥΥͥ֡Ȥޤ

  ˡѤ뤿ˤϤĤΥեեåԡ˥ԡʤ
  Фʤޤ󡣤Υեɬפ LILO ˤĤƤ ``LILO''
  Ǿܤޤ

  2.4.1.  RAM ǥȥեåԡΥ롼ȥե륷ƥ

  եåԡΥ롼ȥե륷ƥΨŪѤˤϡǥ
  ʥ˥ߥ졼Ȥ줿ǥˤ饷ƥưǤ褦
  ˤɬפޤRAM ǥȤХեåԡΤȤ٤ƥ
  ƥ®ư뤳ȤǤޤFtape HOWTO ˤСFtape 
  ˤ RAM ǥɬפǤʤʤ Ftape ϥեåԡȥ
  ¾ŪѤƤޤǤ

  RAM ǥѤϤ⤦ĤޤLinux ͥϼưŪ
  RAM ǥ롼ȤȤߤʤǽäƤޤϤĶ
  root եåԡƤưŪ RAM ǥ˥ԡ롼ȥɥ饤
  եåԡ RAM ǥؤ뵡ǽǤεǽˤ 3 Ĥ
  ޤ

  o  ƥबäȹ®ˤʤ롣

  o  եåԡɥ饤֤ҤȤĤʤƥ̤Υեåԡǥ
     ѤǤ褦ˤʤ롣

  o  ̤ѤСRAM ǥŸǥΰ򤺤äȾ
     ֡40% ١ˤǥեåԡ¸Ǥ롣Ĥޤ 1.44 ᥬΥ
     åԡ 3.6 ᥬȤͤ櫓Ǥ

  1.3.48 ʹߤΥͥǤϡRAM ǥϢΥɤ񤭴
  ޤץRAM ǥѤ뤿ΥޥɤѤ
  ޤ``֡ȥǥ'' ǡˡˤĤƽ
  ٤Ƥޤ

  RAM ǥѤˤϡͥ RAM ǥǽɬ
  ޤRAM ǥΥưŪ˳ĥǽǤ顢
  ɬפϤޤRAM ǥΥꤹ뤿ѤƤ
   rdev -r Ϥ⤦Ȥɬפޤ󡣤˥ͥ륤᡼
  ramdisk ѿꤷޤ``֡ȥǥ'' Ǿܺ٤ˤ
  ƽҤ٤Ƥޤ

  1.3.48 ΥͥȤäƤͤ RAM ǥȤˤϡʲξ
  Ƥɬפޤ1.3.48 οͤɬפʾ
  

  o  եåԡɥ饤֤Υե륷ƥ minix  ext2 ǤʤФʤ
     ޤ̤ ext2 ɤǤ礦ʤ 1.1.73 Υͥ
     ȤäƤ ``ե륷ƥ'' 򸫤ơʬΥͥ뤬
     ext2 򥵥ݡȤƤ뤫ǧޤ礦ͥ뤬Ť
     minix ե륷ƥȤɬפ뤫⤷ޤ󤬡minix Ǥ
     פǤ

  o  RAM ǥǽ򥫡ͥȤ߹ɬפޤޤǥ
     Υϥեåԡǥʾ礭ǤʤФޤ

  RAM ǥǽ򥫡ͥȤ߹ˤϤĤˡޤ:

  o  Linux ͥ makefile  RAMDISK ޥΥȤ򳰤
     
                RAMDISK = -DRAMDISK=1440

     Τ褦ʹԤͭˤʤꡢ1K ХȤΥ֥å 1440 ʬʹ̩٥ե
     ԡǥƱ礭ˤ RAM ǥǤޤ

  o  rdev ޥɤȤΥޥɤϥͥꤵƤƼ
     ɽޤϺꤷޤRAM ǥ̤ɽˤ rdev 
     ޥɤȤޤzImage Ȥ̾Υͥ 1440 ֥å
      RAM ǥꤹˤ

                rdev -r zImage 1440

     ȤޤεǽϾѹ뤫⤷ޤ󡣼긵 rdev 
     ɤεǽĴ٤ˤ

                rdev -h

     Ȥ rdev ޥɤΥץɽޤ

  o  ֡ȥ LILO ꤷơ֡Ȼ˥ͥ RAM ǥϢ
     Υѥ᡼Ϥ褦ˤ롣LILO ѥ᡼

                ramdisk = 1440

     ꤹ 1440 ֥å x 1Kbyte  RAM ǥǤޤ

  o  LILO μư֡ȤǤ ramdisk=1440 򥳥ޥɥ饤˲ä롣
     ޥɥ饤򼨤ޤ

                zImage ramdisk=1440

     ܤ ``LILO'' 򻲾ȤƲ

  o  ͥեԽƥեƬ᤯ˤ RAM ǥ
     ̤ͤѹ롣餫˺ǸμʤǤǤǽʤȤ
     ǽǤܤϤʸκǸˤ FAQ Τ ``ͥ֡
     ȥǥ̵Ƥޤä...'' ι

  嵭˵󤲤ˡΤǤñʤΤ LILO ǤLILO ե
  ϤɤꤷʤФʤʤǤ顢ĤǤ RAM ǥ
  ̤ɲä뤯餤ǤʤǤ礦

  LILO եˤĤƤ ``LILO'' Ǵñ˽Ҥ٤Ƥޤ
  С LILO ᤯ Linux ߥ顼Ȥ󤻤ơ°
  ʸɤळȤ򤪴ᤷޤ

  RAM ǥϥեåԡΥ礭Ǥ˥ե륷
  ƥۤ뤳ȤǤޤХƥΥ쥹塼ɬפʥ
  եȤƹ® RAM ǥ֤ƤȤǤޤˡ
  ĤƤ FAQ ξϤ ``礭 RAM ǥˤϡ'' ǽҤ٤
  

  2.5.  utility ǥ

  줿ǥɥ饤֤ϡΤɬפʥեȥ
  ưΥǥ˵ͤΤ̵ʤȤ¿Ǥtargzip
  e2fsckfdiskftape ʤեåԡ 1 ǽʬǤ
  ¿ΥġˤϤäɬפǤ礦

  äƥ쥹塼ɬפʥեޤ utility ǥΥեå
  ̤ɬפˤʤޤΥեåԡΥե륷ƥ boot/root
  ƥΤ˾ߤΥǥ쥯ȥ/usr ʤɡˤ˥ޥȤ櫓Ǥ

  ե륷ƥϴñ˺뤳ȤǤޤˡ ``ե륷
  '' ˽񤤤Ƥޤ

  3.  ǥι

  3.1.  ե륷ƥ

  ߤ Linux ͥˤϡroot ǥưŪ RAM ǥ˥
  뵡ǽޤΤȤ root ǥΥե륷ƥ minix
   ext2 Ǥɬפޤʤ ext2 Ǥˡext2 ե륷
  ƥؤбϥͥС 1.1.17 - 1.1.57 ǹԤޤ
  ϰϤΥСΥͥ򤪻ξ硢
  /usr/src/linux/drivers/block/ramdisk.c Ƥ򸫤"ext2" Ȥñ
  õƲ⤷Ĥʤ minix ե륷ƥबͣ
  Ȥʤޤminix ե륷ƥˤ"mkfs" ޥɤ
  ޤ

  ext2 򤪻Ȥξ -i ץꤷƥǥեȤ¿ i 
  ɤäƤɤǤ礦-i 2000 ȤƤ i ΡɤȤ
  뿴ۤϤʤƤǤ礦ޤ /dev ɬפʥեʤۤȤ
  ɤפǤ礦ˤõƤޤ礦ǥեȤξ mke2fs 
  1.44 ᥬΥեåԡ 360 Ĥ i ΡɤޤΥ쥹塼
  ǥ򸫤Ƥߤ 120 Ĥ i Ρɤ;äƤޤ /dev
  ǥ쥯ȥΥեޤ 360 Ĥϴñ˱ۤƤޤǤ礦
  ̷Υ롼ȥե륷ƥѤȥե륷ƥ礭
  ޤ顢ǥեȤ i Ρɤο 360 ʾˤʤޤǤ
  ե򸺤餹 i Ρɤ䤹ɬפǤ礦

  ext2 ե륷ƥեåԡ˺ˤϰʲΥޥɤȤ
  ޤ

                mke2fs -m 0 /dev/fd0

  mke2fs ޥɤϼưŪѲǽ̤Τƥե륷ƥ
  Ԥޤäưɬפޤ󡣤˾ߤʤ mke2fs κ
  ֤ṳ̂뤿˥ǥΥ 1K Хȥ֥åθĿǻꤹ
  뤳ȤǤޤ-m 0 ѥ᡼Ѥȥѡ桼Τͽ
  ΰʤʤΤǡѤǤǥΰ褬ޤ

  Τ褦ʥޥɤǥե륷ƥä塢̤򸡺ˤϥ
  åԡޥȤƤߤΤñǤext2 ե륷ƥ
  

                mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /<mount point>

  ȤɤǤ礦
  3.2.  ͥ

  3.2.1.  ѥͥι

  ¿ξϸ߻ѤƤ륫ͥ֡ȥǥ˥ԡС
  Υեåԡǥ֡ȤǤޤ߻ѤƤ륫
  Ȥ̤Υͥ֡ȥǥѤ˺⤢ޤ

  ҤȤĤͳϥͥ礭ǤǾΥƥǤϥͥϺ
  礭ʥեΤҤȤĤǤ顢boot/root եåԡ
  ϥͥ礭Ǥ¤꾮ɬפޤߤΥͥ
  Ǥϡ֡ȸ롼ȥե륷ƥޥȤ˥եåԡθ
  ǤΤǡ̤ͥΥǥ֤ƤȤǤޤ
  äƤξ boot/root եåԡʤϤޤͭѤ
  Ϥޤ

  ͥ礭ˤϰʲĤˡޤ:

  o  ŪΥƥ򥵥ݡȤɬ׺Ǿ¤εǽĥͥ
     롣Ĥޤ boot/root ǥ鵯ư륷ƥפʤ
     ƼΤǤͥåȥǽƼǥХؤΥݡȤ
     ɤޤХåȺäƤޤޤ礦

  o  makefile ˴ޤޤɸΰ̥ͥ륪ץѤƥͥ
     ̤롣

                make zImage

     ̥ͥκ˴ؤǿξϥͥΥ°ʸ
     򻲾ȤƲͥΥ̾ /usr/src/linux ˤ
     

  Ǿ¤εǽĥͥ顢ˤɤεǽ򥫡ͥᤷ
  ޤboot/root եåԡϥ롼ȥե륷ƥ򸡺
  뤿Ѥ뤳Ȥ¿Ǥ礦顢Ԥ褦ʵǽ
  򥫡ͥ˲äɬפǤ礦

  㤨 Ftape Ѥƥơפ˥ХååפäƤä硢ߤΥ
  ȥɥ饤֤ Ftape ޥɤޤɥ饤֤Ƥޤä顢Хå
  åץơפνԲǽˤʤäƤޤޤLinux ƥ󥹥ȡ
  뤷Ftape äƺƥ󥹥ȡ뤷ǥХååפɤ߹ޤ
  Фʤʤʤޤ

  ޤХååפΤ˻ȤäץˤĤƤϡƱС
  ΥԡѰդƤɤǤ礦ХХååץơפ
  ʤС򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷ơ̵֤̤ˤꤹ뤳Ȥʤ
  ޤ

  פ˥Хååפ뤿Ѥ I/O ǽ boot/root 
  ˤäɬפȤȤǤ

  ºݤ˥ͥۤˤĤƤϥͥ°ʸ˵ҤƤ
  ޤ˴ñǤ顢/usr/src/linux ǥ쥯ȥĴ٤뤳
  ȤϤƲͥۤǤʤͤϡboot/root եåԡ
  Τ򤢤᤿Ǥ礦

  3.3.  ǥХ

  /dev ǥ쥯ȥƤ Linux ƥɬܤΥǥ쥯ȥǡ
  बȤƤΥǥХФ륹ڥե뤬ˤޤ/dev
  Ȥ̤Υǥ쥯ȥǡ̤ mkdir ޥɤǺǤޤ
  ǥХΥڥե̤ˡmknod ޥɡˤѤ
  ƺʤФʤޤ

  Ǥƻ⤢ޤ¸ߤ /dev ǥ쥯ȥƤ򥳥ԡơ
  פʤΤõΤǤդʤФʤϡǥХΥ
  ե򥳥ԡˤ -R ץɬפȤȤ
  餤Ǥ(-- : ǿ fileutils (3.13) ˤ cp ޥɤˤ -R
  εǽޤ--)

  -R ץꤹȡեƤϥԡ˥ǥ쥯ȥ꤬
  ԡޤʸ"-r" ץȤۤʤäưȤʤ
  ޤϡɥǥƤʾʤȤեåԡդˤʤޤǡ
  ԡޤǤ鼡ΥޥɤȤȤϥץդ
  

                cp -dpR /dev /mnt

  ǥեåԡ /mnt ˥ޥȤƤȤƤޤd ץ
  ϥܥå󥯤򥳥ԡݤˡμΤǤϤʤ󥯤
  Τ򥳥ԡ뤿λǤp ץϸΥե°¸
  ޤʤäƽͭԾ¸ޤˡ

  cpio  -p ץȤȤǤޤcpio ϥǥХΥڥ
  եȤǤޤʥեȤ򥳥ԡޤˡ
  󤲤ޤ

                cd /dev
                find . -print | cpio -pmd /mnt/dev

  ХǥХΥڥե뤬 /dev  /mnt/dev إԡ
  ޤºݤˤ /dev 鲼Υǥ쥯ȥĥ꡼ԡΤǡ
  /dev ˥֥ǥ쥯ȥ꤬ /mnt/dev ˤ⥵֥ǥ쥯ȥ꤬
  ޤ

  ֤ΤˡǤꤿϡls -l ǥԡǥХΥ᥸
  ֹ桢ޥʡֹĴ٤ơmknod ޥɤǥեåԡˤ
  ޤ

  ¿ۥѥå /dev ǥ쥯ȥˤ MAKEDEV Ȥ륹
  ץȤޤѤƥǥХե뤳ȤǽǤ
  ¸ΥǥХեñ˥ԡ쥹塼ѤΥǥ
  ˤϴñǤ礦

  ɤˡǤ졢ǥ /dev ǥ쥯ȥäˤϡɬפʥ
  Хե뤬ȴޤޤƤ뤫ǧƤޤ礦㤨
  Ftape ϥơץǥХȤޤ顢ơפΥǥХեƥ
  ԡƤɬפޤ

  줾ΥǥХեˤҤȤĤŤ i ΡɤɬפǤեåԡ
  Υե륷ƥǤ i Ρɤ­Ǥ顢ɬפǤʤǥХ
  եեåԡäƤɤǤ礦餫ɬפʥ
  Х빽ϤǤ㤨 SCSI ǥäƤʤΤʤ"sd"
  ǤϤޤ̾ΥեƾäȤǤޤƱͤ˥ꥢݡ
  ȤʤĤʤ"cua" ǤϤޤեäޤ

  3.4.  ǥ쥯ȥ

  /dev/proc/etc  Linux ƥư뤳Ȥǽ⤷
  ޤ󤬡ɤΤޤ󤷻Ȥ⤢ޤ󡣤Ǥⶦͭ饤֥
  ֤줬ʤΤΥХʥ򥹥ƥå󥯤Ƥʤ
  ޤ󤫤餭ä񤷤Ǥ礦͡ŪʺǾΥǥ쥯ȥ깽
  ʲΤ褦ˤʤޤ

     /dev
        ǥХؤ I/O ɬ

     /proc
        ps ޥɤɬ

     /etc
        ƥե뤬ޤޤ

     /bin
        ƥΰȸʤץबޤޤ

     /lib
        ץ¹Ԥɬפʶͭ饤֥꤬ޤޤ

     /mnt
        ¾ΥǥȤΥޥȥݥ

     /usr
        ɲʬΥץȥץꥱ

  ˼줿ǥ쥯ȥ깽¤ root եåԡΤΤΤǤ
  ΡLinux ƥǤΥե륷ƥ๽˴ؤ"Linux File
  System Standard" 򻲾ȤƲ

  嵭Υǥ쥯ȥ 4 Ĥ˴ñ˺Ǥޤ

  o  /dev  ``ǥХ'' ǽҤ٤褦ˤƺޤ

  o  /proc ¸ߤƤ OK Ǥmkdir ޥɤǥǥ쥯ȥ
     äƤޤв⤹뤳ȤϤޤ

  o  /mnt  /usr  boot/root ƥबưΥޥȥݥȤ
     ƤΤ߻ȤޤΥǥ쥯ȥñ¸ߤƤǹ
     ޤ

  Ĥ 3 ĤΥǥ쥯ȥˤĤƤϰʲޤ

  3.4.1.  /etc

  Υǥ쥯ȥˤ¿ե뤬ɬפǤΥƥǤϤ
  ϰʲ 3 Ĥʬޤ

  o  Фɬפʪ㤨 rc, fstab, passwd ʤ

  o  侩Ƥ뤬ˤ뤫ɤϤϤäꤷʤ

  o  ˤǤƤޤ

  ɬפǤʤեϰʲΥޥɤǸĤ뤳ȤǤޤ

                ls -ltru

  ΥޥɤǥեϺǸ˥줿εս˰ɽޤ
  顢̵äե򸫤Ĥ root եåԡ
  ȤǤޤ

  ξ root եåԡեοϲ 15 ĤˤޤǸ
  餹ȤǤޤʲ 3 Ĥμʬޤ

  o  boot/root ƥꤷʤФʤʤե:

     rc.d/*
        ƥΥȥåפȥ٥ѹѤ륹ץ

     fstab
        ޥȤե륷ƥΰ

     inittab
        init ץʥ֡ȸǽ˵ưץˤΥѥ᡼
        ե

  o  boot/root ƥѤûƤɤե:

     passwd
        󤹤桼ΰ

     shadow
        ѥɤݻƤե

     ΥեϺΥƥफñ˥ԡΤǤϤʤɬ
     ʥ桼ΥȥõƤɤǤ礦Х
     åԡ֡ȤȤɬפ login ݤǤޤ(--
     passwd  shadow 򤽤ΤޤޥԡΤˤ¤ϰޤtar 
     ɤΥФϥ桼̾ȥ롼̾եȤȤ¸ޤ
     ơפ쥹ȥȤ̾ޤ
     ̾ passwd  group եˤʤȡUID/GID ʤʤ
     礬ޤ--)

  o  ĤꡣǤΥե֤ޤޤǥƥϤƯ
     ƤΤǡΤޤޤˤƤޤ

  ꤷʤФʤʤΤ 2 ĤΥեǤ
  ȤϤȤƤ⾮Ǥ

  o  rc ϰʲΤ褦ˤʤäƤޤ

                #!/bin/sh
                /etc/mount -av
                /bin/hostname boot_root

     hostname ɬ¹ԤɬפϤޤñ˸ܤɤ뤿
     ΤΤǤmount ºݤˤ ps ޥɤѤ뤿
     /proc ޥȤƤǤ/proc ե륷ƥब̵Ƥ
     Linux ưޤ쥹塼ȤԤʤȤˤϤäɤ
     Ǥ礦

  o  fstab Ƥϰʲ̤Ǥ

                /dev/ram        /               ext2    defaults
                /dev/fd0        /               ext2    defaults
                /proc           /proc           proc    defaults

     1 ܤεҤɬפȻפǤȤʤ mount
     ޥɤ /proc ޥȤʤʤޤ

  inittab ϥꥢݡȤ login ػߤʤʤ餽Τޤޤ OK
  ǤꥢݡȤ login ػߤˤϡinittab ˴ޤޤ
  /etc/getty ΥȥΤ ttys ޤ ttyS ǥХˤʤäƤ
  ΤȥȤޤtty Υȥϥ󥽡뤫 login
  Ǥ褦˻ĤƤޤ

  inittab ϥȥåפޥ桼⡼ɤؤΰܹԡŸǤΤȤʤ
  ˡɤΤ褦ʥƥưʤ뤤ϺƵưˤ뤫ΤǤ
  äդƤϡinittab ǻꤵƤ륳ޥɤɬ
  ǥ쥯ȥ¸ߤʤФʤʤȤȤǤʸ
  ܤäƤȤ˥ǥ쥯ȥʤθ߻ȤäƤ륷
  फ inittab 򥳥ԡȡinittab ǻꤷƤץब
  äꡢǥ쥯ȥ꤬äƤȤߥȤ˹⤯
  ʤǤ礦

  ޤäǥ쥯ȥ֤ƤʤФʤʤץ⤢ޤ
  Υץ¹Ԥ¾Υץˡǥ쥯ȥޤ᤿
  ϡɥǥ󥰤Ƥ뤳Ȥ뤫Ǥ㤨лΥƥ
  Ǥϡ/etc/shutdown ץˤ /etc/reboot 񤭹ޤƤޤ
  ⤷ reboot  /bin/reboot ˰ܤƤޤȡshutdown  reboot ե
  򸫤ĤʤΤǵưǤʤʤޤ

  ĤΥեˤĤƤ /etc ǥ쥯ȥˤƤΥƥȥե
  ñ˥եåԡ˥ԡǤä /etc ǥ쥯ȥˤ
  ԥեΤפȤ̵Τƥԡޤ``root
  ǥΥǥ쥯ȥ'' ᤬ΩĤǤ礦ϻΥǥ
  Υǥ쥯ȥΰǤΤޤޤǤޤԤȤ⤢ޤ
  ƥϤ줾礭ۤʤΤ̤Ǥ顢ޤԤʤ⤢
  ޤοˤ inittab éäɬפʥե
  ǧۤޤ

  ߤۤȤɤΥƥǤϡ¹ԥ٥뤴Ȥ˰ۤʤ륷륹ץȤ
  Ȥ /etc/rc.d ǥ쥯ȥȤäƤޤȤˤ
  ˤ rc ץȤҤȤĤˤ뤳ȤǤޤºݤˤϺ
  ƥफ inittab  /etc/rc.d ǥ쥯ȥ򥳥ԡơեåԡ
  ١ΥƥפʤΤäƤäȴñǤ礦

  3.4.2.  /bin

  Υǥ쥯ȥˤ ls  mvcatdd ʤɤδŪԤȤ
  ɬפʥޥɤ֤ƤɤǤ礦

  ``root ǥΥǥ쥯ȥ'' ˤϻ boot/root եåԡ
   /bin ΰޤ /bin ǥ쥯ȥˤ cpiotargzip
  ȤäХååפ줹뤿ɬפʥץෲ֤Ƥޤ
  󡣤 boot/root եåԡζΰ䤹̤Υեå
  utility ǥˤƤ뤫Ǥä boot/root 
  åԡȤäƥ֡ȤȡΥեåԡƤϼưŪ RAM ǥ
  ˥ԡޤθ utility ǥޥȤƻȤޤ
   utility ǥ /usr ˥ޥȤƤޤ

  utility եåԡκˡ ``utility ǥ'' ˵ҤƤ
  ޤ

  3.4.3.  /lib

  /lib ˤɬפʶͭ饤֥ȥ֤ޤɬפʶͭ饤֥
   /lib ˤʤХƥ֡Ȥ뤳ȤϤǤޤ󡣱ɤХ
  顼åǲ­ʤ狼Ǥ礦

  ۤȤƤΥץϡʤȤ libc 饤֥ɬפȤޤ

                libc.so.X

  X ϥСֹǤʬ /lib ǥ쥯ȥ򸫤Ʋ
  libc.so.4 ϥСֹΤĤ¾ΥեؤΥܥå󥯤
  ʤäƤȻפޤ

                ls -l /lib

  ȼ¹ԤС

                libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.5.21

  Τ褦ɽФǤ礦

  ξɬפʥ饤֥ libc.so.4.5.21 ȤȤˤʤޤΤ
  ޤǤELF  libc 饤֥ϸ libc.so.5.xxxx ˤʤäƤ
  ޤ

  ¾ɬפʥ饤֥õˤϡǥǻȤĤΥХʥƤˤ
  ơ¸Ƥ饤֥åɬפޤˤ ldd
  ޥɤȤޤ㤨лΥƥǤϡ

                ldd /bin/mount

  ȤȰʲΤ褦ʷ̤ˤʤޤ

                /bin/mount:
                        libc.so.5 => /lib/libc.so.5.2.18

  η̤򸫤 /bin/mount ˤ libc.so.5ʼºݤˤ libc.so.5.2.18 
  Υܥå󥯡ˤɬפʤȤ狼ޤ

  /lib ˤϥ饤֥ɤ뤿Υɬפޤ
  Υե̾ ld.soa.out 饤֥ѡˤޤ ld-linux.so
  ELF 饤֥ѡˤǤɤ餬ɬפ狼ʤС饤֥ե
  Ф file ޥɤ¹ԤƲΥƥǤ󤲤
  

        file /lib/libc.so.5.2.18

  ̤ϰʲΤ褦ˤʤޤ

        /lib/libc.so.5.2.18: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object ...

  äƤΥեˤ ELF ΥɬפȤȤ狼
  a.out Υ饤֥򤪻ξˤϡ˰ʲΤ褦ɽ
  ޤ

        /lib/libc.so.4.7.2: Linux/i386 demand-paged executable (QMAGIC) ...

  ɬפΥ򥳥ԡƲξȤɬפʾ⤢뤫⤷
  

  饤֥ȥѤץбƤ뤫Ť˥å
  Ʋɬפʥ饤֥꤬ɤǤʤȡ̾參ͥϥ顼
  åФȤʤϥ󥰥åפƤޤޤ

  3.5.  LILO

  3.5.1.  

  boot/root ǥϥ֡ȲǽǤʤФʤޤ󡣤ǽˤ
  ñˡϥ֡ȥ򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹뤳ȤǤ֡ȥȤ
  եåԡǥΥ 0 0 ˽񤭹ޤ¹ԥץ
  ΤȤǤ֡ȥץˤĤƤγפ ``boot ǥ'' 
  ``'' 

  LILO ɤƥȤ줿Ǥ֡ȥǡLinux Υߥ顼
  ǤɤǤǤޤLILO ȤȰʲΤ褦꤬ǽ
  ˤʤޤ

  o  ɤΥǥХ롼ȥɥ饤֤ȤƥޥȤ뤫

  o  RAM ǥѤ뤫ɤ

  3.5.2.  LILO 

  LILO ѤȡͥΥ֡ˡ˽Ǥޤ
  root/boot եåԡǤ LILO ե򼨤ޤLILO ΥС
   0.15 Ǥ

        ________________________________________________________________
        boot = /dev/fd0
        install = ./mnt/boot.b
        map = ./mnt/lilo.map
        delay = 50
        message = ./mnt/lilo.msg
        timeout = 150
        compact
        image = ./mnt/zImage
                ramdisk = 1440
                root = /dev/fd0
        ________________________________________________________________

  ¤ϻ LILO ١ boot/root եåԡȤʤʤäƤޤä
  ǡեϺǶϥƥȤƤޤ󡣤ưʤͳ
  äˤʤϤǤޤԤʤ LILO ΥɥȤ򸫤
  ͳõƲ

  ޤ 1.3.48 ʹߤΥͥѤС̤줿롼ȥե륷ƥ
  򥫡ͥƱǥ֤ɤѤ뤳ȤǤޤǤ
   boot/root ƥ LILO ȤʤФʤʤȤϤ⤦
  ޤ󡣾ܺ٤ˤĤƤ ``֡ȥǥ'' ξϤ򻲾ȤƲ
  

  1.3.48 ʹߤΥͥȤäƤ"ramdisk = 1440" ιԤפǤ
  顢äƤɤǤ礦

  boot.blilo.msgƥͥƤΩäƥեåԡ˥ԡ
  ɬפޤʲΤ褦ʥޥɤѤޤ

        ________________________________________________________________
        cp /boot/boot.b ./mnt
        ________________________________________________________________

  ⤷κȤԤƤʤ硢ϡɥǥѤǤ
   LILO ϥ֡Ȼưޤ󡣥ϡɥǥ̵Х֡
  Ǥʤ쥹塼ǥäƤ⤷礦ʤǤ͡

  ʲΤ褦 lilo ¹Ԥޤ

                /sbin/lilo -C <configfile>

  ΥޥɤϥեåԡޥȤǥ쥯ȥοƥǥ쥯ȥǼ
  ԤɬפޤΥޥɤ¹Ԥ LILO ϥ֡ȥ
  ȥǥХʤξ /dev/fd0ˤ˥󥹥ȡ뤷եåԡΥ롼
  ǥ쥯ȥˤ륫ͥ֡Ȥ褦ˤޤ

  եǤ 1K ХȤΥ֥å 1440 Ĥʤ RAM ǥ
  褦ʻ⤷ƤޤΥǥ̤ϥեåԡ
  ƱǤǤϥեåԡ ext2 Υե륷ƥ
  顢κȤˤäƥ֡ȸ˥롼ȥǥХϼưŪ RAM ǥ
  ڤؤꡢեåԡƤƥǥ˥ԡޤ

  Linux  RAM ǥεǽˤĤƤ ``RAM ǥȥեåԡΥ롼
  ȥե륷ƥ'' ˾ܤҤޤ

  Linux 򥷥󥰥桼⡼ɤǵư뤿"single" ѥ᡼Ȥ
  ΤⰭޤ󡣤λ򤹤ȥꥢݡȤ login ɤ
  ȤǤޤ

  "delay""message""timeout" γƥѥ᡼ȤäƤޤ
  ǥ֡Ȥ LILO Υޥɥ饤󥪥ץλ꤬
  Ǥ褦ˤʤޤɬפޤ󤬡İۤʤä롼ȥǥХ
  ꤷꡢե륷ƥ񤭹߶ػߤǥޥȤʤ뤫ʬ
  ޤΤǡLILO 򤳤ˤƤޤ

  λȤäƤåեǤ

        Linux Boot/Root Diskette
        ========================

        Enter a command line of the form:

              zImage [ command-line options]

        If nothing is entered, linux will be loaded with
        defaults after 15 seconds.

  ϼʬꤷƤ˺ϿˤʤäƤޤ

  Ƴ LILO °ʸտɤळȤ򤪴ᤷޤ"boot " 
  ᡼ְ㤨ȡѡƥϴñ˲Ƥޤޤ
  ʬ˷иѤǤʤϡե򤷡3 ǧ
  ޤǤ LILO Ф˵ưʤǲ

  LILO ϥͥѹ뤿Ӥ˼¹Ԥɬפޤ LILO
  ϥޥåץե˿ͥ񤭹ߤޤ¤ϤۤȤƱ
  ˽񤭴 LILO ¹ԤʤƤɤΤǤ虜虜
  ȤɬפʤǤ礦LILO Ƽ¹ԤƲ

  3.5.3.  LILO κ

   LILO ⤦ġ⤷ LILO Υ֡ȥ򤹤äꤪ
  ˤƤޤäƤ⡢줬 DOS Υɥ饤֤ˤаʲ DOS ޥɤ
  ԤХ֡ȥ DOS Υ֡ȥ֤뤳ȤǤޤ

                FDISK /MBR

   MBR "Master Boot Record" ̣ޤ Linux ̤
  ˤϤˡ˻ʤͤ⤤ޤʤκ⤢褦Ǥ
  Ȥ⤫ˡǤޤޤ

  3.5.4.  LILO ʥץ

  LILO ˤϥ֡ȥǥݤ˳ФƤʥץ¾
  ˤ⤤Ĥޤ

  o  ޥɥ饤󥪥ץ󡣥ޥɥ饤󤫤롼ȥǥХ
     ǥ̡ڥǥХΥѥ᡼ʤɤꤹ뤳Ȥ
     Ǥޤե DELAY = nn Ȥʸ񤤤Ƥ LILO 
     ߤޤ顢֡Ȥ륫ͥ䥪ץλ꤬
     ǽǤ㤨С

                zImage aha152x=0x340,11,3,1 ro

     Ȥȡͥ빽ۻȤ߹ aha152x scsi ۥȥץ
     ɥ饤Ф˥ѥ᡼Ϥ롼ȥե륷ƥɤ߽ФѤ
     ޤ

  o  "lock" ޥɥ饤󥪥ץ󡣤ΥץѤ LILO ϥ
     ޥɥ饤󤫤Ϥ줿ѥ᡼򵭲Υ֡ȤǤ
     եȤȤƻȤ褦ˤʤޤưǤ򤵤ʤ褦ʥǥХ
     ȤäƤˤäǤ"lock" Ѥȥ֡Ȥ٤˥
     ХΥѥ᡼ϤɬפʤʤޤʲΤ褦˻Ȥ
     

                zImage aha152x=0x340,11,3,1 root=/dev/sda8 ro lock

  o  ե lilo.conf  append ѥ᡼Ѥ롣ǥХ
     ᡼ʸե˵ҤǤޤޥɥ饤󥪥ץ
     "lock" ȤΤƱǤ"  = " Τ褦˥
     Τ֥륯ơ"ˤǤɬפ뤳ȤդƲ
     ʲΤ褦˻Ȥޤ

                APPEND = "aha152x=0x340,11,3,1"

  o  DELAY ѥ᡼LILO  delay ǻꤷͤ 1/10 򤫤ÿ
     ߤޤδ֤˥桼ϥǥեȤΥѥ᡼ˤ뼫ư֡
     ȤǤޥɥ饤󤫤Υѥ᡼ϤǤޤ

  4.  ֡ȥǥ

  4.1.  

  ޤǤǤ boot/root ǥκδܤˤĤƽҤ٤ޤ
  ˡϤޤΤȤۤȤƤΥͥʺǿΰǤ 2.0
  ŬѤ뤳ȤǤޤ

  1.3.48 ʹߤΥͥǤϡRAM ǥΥɤʤ񤭴졢
  פʿǽɲäޤΥͥϥ֡Ȼ˰̤줿
  ե륷ƥưŪ˸Τष RAM ǥ˥ɤ
  Υ롼ȥե륷ƥϥͥ뤬äƤΤȤ̤Υǥ
  ˤ֤ޤޤ 1.3.98 դʹߤΥͥǤ RAM ǥΥ
  ưŪ˳ĥǤޤ

  פˡοǽѤС֡ȥǥ뤳ȤΤǤ
  䤹ȤǤ櫓Ǥ̤Ѥ 1722K Υǥ
  3.5 ᥬۤɤΥե뤳ȤǤޤ֡ȥǥä
  ʤ餪狼Ȼפޤʥե륷ƥ˲ि˥ե
  򤷤ƥ碌ΤϷ빽ʻ֤ޤǽ
  ȤФ⤦ۤɶϫʤƤ⤹Ǥ礦

  ǰʤ顢οǽä֡ȥǥΤϸߤΤ
  ۤɴñǤϤޤ󡣰̥ե륷ƥեåԡ˺
  ˤϡե륷ƥ¾ΥǥХ˺ꡢ򰵽̤Ƥեå
  ˥ԡޤȤ櫓Ǥ

  ̤줿롼ȥե륷ƥϰʲΤ褦ˤʤޤޤ
  ͥեåԡǥ˥ԡͥ˥롼ȥե륷
  ξ򶵤ޤư̥롼ȥե륷ƥեåԡ˥
  ΤǤ

  ǥɤΤ褦ˤʤäƤ뤫ñ ASCII γǼޤ

        |<--- zImage --->|<------ Compressed root filesystem -------->|
        |________________|____________________________________________|
                     Floppy disk space

  ʲ boot եåԡκɤäޤ

  4.2.  롼ȥե륷ƥ

  롼ȥե륷ƥκϡ``root ǥ'' 
  ȤۤƱǤǤμˤǤ礭ʰ㤤ϡե륷ƥ
  ľܥեåԡˤϺǤʤȤȤǤ̤Ρʥեåԡ
  ̤礭ʡ˥ǥХ˥ե륷ƥʤФʤޤ

  4.2.1.  ǥХ

  Τ褦ʥ롼ȥե륷ƥˤϽʬ礭ʥǥХɬ
  ˤʤޤʲΤ褦ʤΤȤʤǤ礦

  o  ʬ̡ʿᥬХ١ˤΤ̤ѤΥϡɥǥѡƥ
     󤬤аֳڤǤ뤤ϥƥ˽ʬѤǤ
     ʤСåפߤƥåץѡƥȤäƤɤǤ
     

     ڥΥѡƥ󤬤ͤ䥹åפߤ;͵Τ
     Ϥ¿ϤʤǤ礦Ǥ...

  o  롼ץХåǥХȤޤ礦롼ץХåǥХѤ
     ե륷ƥΥեǥХȤƼ갷ȤǤ
     ˤʤޤ롼ץХåǥХѤˤü mountunmount
     ץबɬפˤʤޤϰʲΤȤˤޤ

                ftp://ftp.win.tue.nl:/pub/linux/util/mount-2.5X.tar.gz

     X ϺǿǤֹˤʤޤ

     ƥ˥롼ץǥХ/dev/loop0/dev/loop1 ˤʤС
     ʲΥޥɤȤäƺޤ礦

                mknod /dev/loop0 b 7 0
                mknod /dev/loop1 b 7 1
                mknod /dev/loop2 b 7 2
                ...

     ¿ʬɬפʤΤ loop0 Ǥ礦

     롼ץǥХ򰷤 mount/unmount ץबä顢ϡ
     ɥǥ˽ʬ礭äեޤ礦㤨 nnn
     ֥å礭ä /tmp/fsfile ˤϰʲΤ褦ˤޤ

                dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/fsfile bs=1k count=nnn

     ʲμǥǥХ̾ꤹȤǤϡDEVICE ˤκ
     ե̾ȤäƲmount 롼ץХåǥХ
     ФƻȤˤϡ"-o" ץѤޤ

                mount -o loop -t ext2 /tmp/fsfile /mnt

     Τ褦ˤХե /tmp/fsfile  /mnt ˥롼ץХåǥХ
     ȤƥޥȤޤdf ޥɤȤäƳǧƤߤƲ

      dd  mke2fs  mount νˤʤޤ

  o  Ǹˡ RAM ǥʥǥХ̾ /dev/ram ޤ
     /dev/ramdiskˤѤΤǤξ˲Ūʥǥ
     ɥ饤֤ޤRAM ǥϥե륷ƥǼΤ
     ʬ̤äƤʤФʤޤLILO ե
     /etc/lilo.confˤ˰ʲΤ褦ʹԤꤷƲ

                RAMDISK_SIZE = nnn

     ˤäƥ꤬ RAM ǥ˳ƤޤǥեȤ
     4096K Ǥ

  ʾΤɤ줫ѤƥǥХä顢ޤΤ褦ʥޥɤ¹Ԥ
  ޤ

                dd if=/dev/zero of=DEVICE bs=1k count=3000

  ΥޥɤˤäƥǥХȤ 0 Ԥޤ̥ե
  륷ƥˤäƤϤκȤϽפǤ̤Ѥʬ
  0 ˤƤȰΨˤǤ뤫Ǥ

  ˥ե륷ƥޤ

                mke2fs -m 0 DEVICE

  롼ץХåǥХȤȤ DEVICE ʬ˥ǥХˤե
  ̾Ʋξ mke2fs ϼ¹ԳǧޤΤǡyes 
  Ʋ

  ǥǥХޥȤޤ

                mount -t ext2 DEVICE /mnt

  θ ``root ǥ'' 褦 /mnt إե򥳥
  ƤäƲ

  4.2.2.  ե륷ƥ򰵽̤

  롼ȥե륷ƥؤΥԡä顢ե륷ƥΤ
  ԡʤư̤ޤޤޥȤޤ

                umount /mnt

  ŪˤϥޥȤޤޤǤե륷ƥΥԡϲǽǤ
  ǤΤǹԤʤۤɤǤ礦

  ˥ǥХƤǥեإԡޤǥե
  ̾ rootfs ȤޤȰʲΤ褦ˤʤޤ

                dd if=DEVICE of=rootfs bs=1k

  ³ư̤ޤgzip '-9' ץѤơΨˤ
  

                gzip -9 rootfs

  ʬ뤳Ȥ⤢ޤλ rootfs.gz ǤƤǤ礦
  줬̤줿롼ȥե륷ƥǤ

  ǥ̤;͵ʤ dd  gzip Ʊ˹ԤʤȤǤޤ

                dd if=DEVICE bs=1k | gzip -9 > rootfs.gz

  4.3.  ̤׻

  ʳǥͥȥե륷ƥξեåԡ뤫ɤ
  ǧޤ礦"ls -l" Ѥȡ줾줬ɬפȤХȿǧ
  ޤ 1024 ǳɬפʥ֥åޤä;ˤ
  1 ֥åɬפǤդƲ

  㤨ХͥΥ 453281 ХȤä顢ɬפʥ֥åϰʲ
  μޤ

                ceil(453281 / 1024) = 443: ceil -> ڤ夲

  äƥͥϥեåԡ 0-442 ֥åɬפȤ뤳Ȥˤʤ
  롼ȥե륷ƥΰ̥᡼ 443 ֥åϤޤ
  ޤΥ֥åֹϿƤƲʲΥޥɤǤϤ
   ROOTBEGIN ɽޤ

  ˥ͥˤΥ롼ȥե륷ƥΥեåԡΰ֤Τ餻
  ɬפޤͥ륤᡼ ramdisk ѿˤϥ롼ȥե륷
  ƥΰ֤˴ط륪ץ󤬻ꤵƤޤѿ
  /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/kernel/setup.c ƤꡢʲΤ褦
  ƤݻƤޤ

      0-10 ӥå
        RAM ǥƬ֤Υեåȥɥ쥹1024 Хȥ֥å
        οͿޤ줬ۤɷ׻ ROOTBEGIN ˤʤޤ

      11-13 ӥå
        ̤ѤǤ

      14 ӥå
        RAM ǥɤ뤫ɤΥե饰Ǥ

      15 ӥå
        եåԡ򴹤ΥץץȤФɤΥե饰Ǥ

   15 ӥåȤåȤƤȡ֡Ȼ 2 ܤΥեåԡɥ
  ֤褦ˤȤץץȤФޤǥ 2 礫ʤ֡
  ȥƥǤϤΥե饰ɬפˤʤޤ˴ؤƤϸ ``2 
  ΥåȤ'' ޤΤȤϤΥӥåȤ 0 ȤƤ
  Ʋ

  롼ȥե륷ƥब 443 ֥åϤޤȤ ramdisk 
  ϰʲΤ褦˷׻Ǥޤ

                1BB (16 )      44310 ʡ( 0-10 ӥå)
             + 4000 (16 )      RAM ǥɤΥե饰 ( 14 ӥå)
               ----------
             = 41BB (16 )
             =16827 (10 )

   ramdisk ѿ"rdev -r" Ѥƥͥ륤᡼ꤷޤ
  ݤκȤˤĤƤϼޤ

  4.4.  եեåԡ˥ԡ

  λǥ֡ȥեåԡǤȤˤʤޤޤ
  ͥ򥳥ԡޤ

                dd if=zImage of=/dev/fd0

  ˥ͥ˥롼ȥե륷ƥեåԡݤ
  

                rdev /dev/fd0 /dev/fd0

  ˥եåԡ֤줿ͥ륤᡼ ramdisk ѿꤷޤ
  ramdisk ѿˤ"rdev -r" ޥɤѤޤ``̤׻''
  ǵ᤿ͤѤưʲ¹Ԥޤ

                rdev -r /dev/fd0 16827

  Ǹ˥롼ȥե륷ƥ򥫡ͥ³˽񤭹ߤޤdd ޥ
  ɤ seek ץѤСƬ饹åפ֥å
  ޤ

                dd if=rootfs.gz of=/dev/fd0 bs=1k seek=443

   443  ``̤׻'' Ƿ׻ ROOTBEGIN ͤǤ

  եåԡɥ饤֤ν񤭹ߤдǤ

  4.5.  2 ȤΥåȤ

  ä̤ɬפʾˤϡ2 ȤΥ֡ȥåȤ뤳ȤǤޤ
  ξ 1 ܤΥեåԡˤϥͥΤߤ졢2 ܤˤϰ̤
  롼ȥե륷ƥޤˡȤȰ̥ե륷
  ΥȤ 1440K ޤǻȤ褦ˤʤޤ

  2 ȤΥåȤΤۤɤμ򾯡ѹǤޤ
  ramdisk ѿΥǥ򴹥ץץȤΥե饰 1 ˤơͥ뤬 2
  ܤΥեåԡԤĤ褦ꤷޤ롼ȥե륷ƥ 2 
  ܤΥեåԡƬϤޤ

  ``̤׻'' 褦ˡξˤϥեåԡ
  ץץȤΥե饰 1 ˤơRAM ǥΥեåȤ 0 ˤޤ
  ϰʲΤ褦ˤʤޤ

                4000 (16 )     RAM ǥɤΥե饰 ( 14 ӥå)
              + 8000 (16 )     ǥ򴹥ץץȤΥե饰 ( 15 ӥå)
              -------------
              = C000 (16 )
              =49152 (10 )

  οͤΤ褦"rdev -r" Ѥƥͥ˽񤭹ߤޤ

  ``եեåԡ˥ԡ'' μˤäƺȤʤ
  "rdev -r" ޤǽä鿷եåԡ˸򴹤ơʲΥ
  ޥɤ¹Ԥޤ

                dd if=rootfs.gz of=/dev/fd0

  ǥƬ񤭹Τ seek ץϤĤޤ

  5.  ȥ֥륷塼

  쥹塼ǥˤäơǽολߤԤ˽
  ΤϤȤǤϤޤroot ǥݤˤ褯Ѥ
  ˤϡΥƥफʤФƥեåԡ١Υ
  ƥ˵ͤߡ󥽡˥åФޤǻԺ򷫤֤
  ȤǤåФȾʬäƱǤϥƥबʸ
  ʤʤޤǡİ褷ƤɤΤǤƥब
  åФ˥ϥ󥰤ϡͳĴ٤ΤѤǤ
  ȤɽФʳãˤϡĤʤ·äƤơ
  ꤵƤɬפΤǤ

  ƥबȿʤ硢㳲θĴ٤ˤϰʲΤ褦ʼ³Ƨ
  ΤɤǤ礦

  o  root ǥ˰տޤǥ쥯ȥ꤬˴ޤޤƤ뤫ä
     ǧޤ/bin Ǥʤ /root_disk/bin Τ褦ʴְäǥ쥯ȥ
     ˥ԡƤޤȤȤʤɤ꤬Ǥ

  o  /lib/libc.so  /lib/libtermcap.so 뤳ȤǧޤߤΥ
     ƥΥϡɥǥ /lib ǥ쥯ȥˤϡΥե
     Υ󥯤Ĥ¸ߤǤ礦root ǥǤƱ褦ˤʤ
     Ƥ뤫ǧƲ

  o  ߤΥƥ /dev ǥ쥯ȥˤ륷ܥå󥯤 root
     ǥΥե륷ƥˤ¸ߤƤ뤳Ȥǧޤޤ
     褬Ȥ뤳Ȥǧޤä /dev/console ˺줬
     ʤΤǵդƲ

  o  root ǥ /dev/tty1 뤳Ȥǧޤ

  o  /dev/null/dev/zero/dev/mem/dev/ram/dev/kmem ʤɤΥǥХ
     ե뤬뤳Ȥǧޤ

  o  ͥǧƲlogin ޤǤɬפʥƥ꥽
     Υɥ饤ФȤ߹ޤƤǤ礦ʥ⥸塼ǤϤ
     ˡRAM ǥΥɥ饤ФɬפǤ

  o  ͥ root ǥХ ramdisk ꤬ɤǧޤ
     ܺ٤ ``֡ȥǥ'' 򻲾ȤƲ

  ΰŪǧǤ顢˼褦ʥեå
  ߤޤ礦

  1. init  /sbin/init ޤ /bin/init Ȥ¸ߤƤꡢ¹Բǽ
     ʤäƤ뤳Ȥǧ롣

  2. ldd init ¹Ԥơinit λȤ饤֥ǧƲ̾
     libc.so Ǥ礦ǤåƲ饤֥꤬
     ǥäƤ뤳Ȥ׳ǧǤ

  3. ldd Ϥ饤֥եʣ⤷ޤˤ file 
     ɤ¹Ԥơ饤֥ηåƲroot ǥ
     äƤ뤳ȤǧƲΥե̾
      ld.soa.out 饤֥ѡˤޤ ld-linux.soELF 饤֥
     ѡˤǤ

  4. ֡ȥǥ /etc/inittab 򸫤ơ*getty* θƤӽФĴ٤
      (--  *getty* Ȥˡ getty  agettymgettygetty_ps
     ʤɤΥץෲ򼨤Ѥޤ --)ϡɥǥ
      inittab ǰ٤ƲỌ̇̄äҤˤʤä
     뤫ȤΥץΥޥ˥奢ڡ⻲ȤƲ
     inittab Ϥ餯Ǥ񤷤ʬǤʤʤʸˡƤȤäƤ
      init ץ䥷ƥζˤäѤ뤫Ǥinittab
     񤯤μʤϤġinit  inittab Υޥ˥奢ڡ
     ɤǡߤΥƥब֡ȻˤäƤ뤳Ȥ
     ȤǤ/etc/inittab 򸫤ơǥƥνԤäƤ륨
     ȥ꤬뤳ȤǧƲʬˤ /etc/rc.x Ȥä
     ɤ񤫤ƤϤǡ/etc/rc ץȤΤɤ줫¹Ԥ褦
     ˤʤäƤޤinittab ǻꤵ줿ץȤ¸ߤƤʤ
     ʤޤ

  5. init ˹ԤäΤƱ褦ˡgettyʤޤ agettyˤФƤ ldd
     ¹Ԥɬפʥ饤֥ɽޤƤΥ饤֥
     եȥ root ե륷ƥäƤ뤫ǧƲ
     

  6. 쥹塼ǥ /etc/ld.so.chace Ǥ¸ߤƤ褦Ǥ
     顢ľƲ

  init ưƤ⼡Τ褦ʥåϤ뤳Ȥޤ

        Id xxx respawning too fast: disabled for n minutes

   init ФΤǡȤ*getty* ޤ login ưƤ
  ˽λƤޤäȤ򼨤Ƥޤ*getty*  login μ¹ԥե
  롢Ƥ餬¸Ƥ饤֥åƲ
  /etc/inittab ˤ뵯ưɤĴ٤Ʋ*getty* 
  ʥåϤϡ餯 /etc/inittab θƤӽФ
  ְäƤޤ*getty* Υץϥץˤäư㤤ޤ
   agetty ǤϥСˤäƤߴʤ礬뤽Ǥ
  ɥǥ /etc/inittab ȸƤӽФƤץƤӽФ
  ʤäƤϡǰ˥åƲ

  ʤˤμ¹ԥե㤨 dfˤ쥹塼ǥ鵯ưȤ
  ˡdf: not found Τ褦ʥåФˤϡʲ 2 ǧ
  Ʋ

  1. ΥХʥäƤǥ쥯ȥ꤬ PATH äƤ뤳ȡ

  2. Υץɬפʥ饤֥ȥ뤳ȡɤΥ饤֥
     ɬפǧˤ ldd file Ȥơ餬뤫ǧƲ
     lib ˴ؤǽҤ٤Ƥ⻲ȤƲ

  6.  FAQ ꥹ

  6.1.  Q. boot/root ǥ֡ȤΤǤⵯʤ
  ǤɤФ褤Ǥ礦

  β ``ȥ֥륷塼'' ξϤ˰ưޤ

  6.2.  Q. XXX ɥ饤Фä boot ǥˤϡ

  Ǥñˡ Slackware ΥͥǴ Slackware Υߥ顼
  ȤäƤ뤳ȤǤSlackware Υͥϲǽʸ¤ꤿΥ
  饤ФͤѤΥͥǤ顢SCSI  IDE Υȥ餬
  ɬפʥɥ饤Ф Slackware Υͥ˴ޤޤƤǽϹ⤤
  Ǥ礦

  Υȥ˹礦褦 a1 ǥ쥯ȥ꤫ IDE ޤ SCSI
  ΥͥӤޤxxxxkern.cfg ե򸫤ơͥɬ
  פʥɥ饤ФޤޤƤ뤫ɤǧƲ⤷ɬפʥǥХ
  ꥹȤˤФΥͥǤʤΥԥ塼֡ȤǤϤ
  xxxxkern.tgz ɤ boot ǥ˥ԡƲ
  ``boot ǥ'' ǽҤ٤ˡ򻲹ͤˤƲ

  ˰ʲ rdev ޥɤ¹ԤƥͥΥ롼ȥǥХǧƲ
  

                rdev zImage

  rdev ϸߤΥͥꤵƤ롼ȥǥХɽޤ⤷
  ˾ǥХȰۤʤϺƤ rdev Ȥäѹޤ㤨л䤬
  ͥǤ /dev/sda2 ꤵƤޤΥ롼Ȥˤʤ
  SCSI ѡƥ /dev/sda8 Ǥroot ǥȤˤϡʲ
  ޥɤ¹ԤɬפǤ礦

                rdev zImage /dev/fd0

  Slackware  root Ʊ褦ʥǥꤿȤϤ
  HOWTO ϰϤۤƤޤLinux Install Guide 򸫤뤫ºݤ
  Slackware ΥѥåƲ HOWTO  ``ʸ''
  ˡ񤤤Ƥޤ

  6.3.  Q. ͥ򿷤 boot եåԡϤɤΤ褦ѹ
  ɤǤ

  ͥ֡Ȥǥ˥ԡǤboot ǥ
  ξ dd ޥɤboot/root ǥξ cp ޥɤ
  ޤboot ǥκ˴ؤƤϡ``boot ǥ'' 򻲾Ȥ
  Ʋ˽񤤤Ƥˡ boot ǥΥͥ򹹿
  ˤȤޤ

   boot/root ǥξ LILO ¹ԤƤɬפޤ

  6.4.  Q. DOS ֡Ȥ뤿 LILO ΤǤ

  ۤȤ boot ǥȤϴطʤäʤǤˤ褯ʹ
  Ǥϰʲ DOS ΥޥɤѤ뤳ȤǤ

                FDISK /MBR

  MBR  Master Boot Record άǤΥޥɤˤäƥ֡ȥ
  DOS ΤΤ֤ѤޤΤȤѡƥơ֥Ѥޤ
  󡣤ˡȿФ륳 Linux ̤⤤ޤLILO ԤǤ
   Werner Almesberger ϻɤǤñǤȵǽޤ

  dd ޥɤȤä LILO ˤäƥ֤ƤХååפ񤭹
  ˡ⤢ޤ - ˡѤ LILO ʸ򻲾ȤƲ
  

  6.5.  Q. ͥ֡ȥǥ̵ƤޤäϤɤäƥ
  ȤɤǤ

  ֡ȥǥѰդƤʤäˤϡ餯 Slackware Υ
  ͥѤΤִñǤ礦ȤΥǥȥΥ
  סIDE  SCSI ˤ˹礦ȤäƲƤ˴ؤƤ ``XXX ɥ
  Фä boot ǥˤ...'' ΤȤ˽񤤤Ƥޤ
  Υͥǥԥ塼֡ȤǤ㳲줷Ʋ

  äƤͥǤϡ롼ȥǥХ˾ߤΥǥѡƥ
  ˤʤäƤʤ⤷ޤ㤨 Slackware  SCSI ͥǤ
  롼ȤΥǥХ /dev/sda2 ˤʤäƤޤ㤨л Linux 
  ƥ /dev/sda8 ǤΤ褦ʾˤϥͥΥ롼ȥǥ
  ѹʤФʤޤ

  Linux ΥƥबʤƤ⡢ͥΥ롼ȥǥХ RAM ǥ
  ѹ뤳ȤǤޤDOS ʤɤ OS  OK Ǥ

  rdev ϥͥեηޤäեåȥɥ쥹ʬͤ񤭴
  ƤޤɤʥƥǤ졢ХʥꥨǥƱȤ
  Ǥޤ㤨 DOS ʤΡȥ桼ƥƥΥǥǥʤ
  ȤޤͥΰʲΥեåȥɥ쥹ͤĴ٤ơɬפǤ
  ѹƲ

        0x01F8  ramdisk ѿ̥Х
        0x01F9  ramdisk ѿι̥Х
        0x01FC  롼ȥǥХΥޥʡֹ - ʲޤ
        0X01FD  롼ڥǥХΥ᥸㡼ֹ - ʲޤ

  ramdisk ѿϺ RAM ǥΥ֥åɽޤ󰵽̤
  root եåԡ֡Ȥˤϡͤ 144010 ʡˤˤ
  ɤǤ礦 16 ʤǤ 0x05A0 Ǥ顢եå 0x01F8 
  0xA0 ˡޤեå 0x01F9  0x05 ˥åȤƲ 1.4
  ᥬΥեåԡˤϽʬ̤Ƥޤ

  1.3.48 ʹߤΥͥǤ ramdisk ѿΰ̣ѤäƤ뤳Ȥդ
  Ʋѹ줿Ƥ˴ؤƤ ``֡ȥǥ'' ǿ
  Ƥޤ

  ᥸㡼ֹ桢ޥʡֹϥ롼ȥե륷ƥޥȤǥХ
  ֹ˥åȤޤɤȤֹʲ˵󤲤Ƥޤ

        ǥХ major   minor
        /dev/fd0        2       0    1 եåԡɥ饤
        /dev/hda1       3       1    1 IDE ɥ饤֤ 1 ѡƥ
        /dev/sda1       8       1    1 SCSI ɥ饤֤ 1 ѡƥ
        /dev/sda8       8       8    1 SCSI ɥ饤֤ 8 ѡƥ

  ͤꤷ顢ͥեեåԡ˽񤭹ߤޤ
  ȥ桼ƥƥΥǥǥ䡢rawrite.exe ȸƤФ DOS
  ޥɤȤޤ SLS  Slackware ۥѥåäƤ
  ꡢǥ raw ǥХȤߤʤƥ֡ȥե񤭹
  ߤޤΡȥ桼ƥƥȤˤϥեʪǥ
  Ƭ񤭹ɬפޤ

  6.6.  Q. boot/root ǥ򥳥ԡΤϤɤɤǤ

  Τ˥쥹塼ǥ 1 ȰʾäƤΤ˾ޤǤ礦1
  ȤǤϡޤޤ줬ɤäꤷ麤äƤޤޤΤ͡

  boot  utility ǥΥեåԡ򥳥ԡǤñˡϡdd
  ޥɤȤäƥꥸʥΥեåԡƤϡɥǥΥե
  ˥ԡޤ dd ޥɤ̤Υեåԡ˽᤹
  dd ޥɤ raw ǥХؤν񤭹ߤǤޤեåԡ
  ȤɬפϤޤʤƤϤޤˡ

  ꥸʥ򥳥ԡˤϼΥޥɤѤƲ

                dd if=devicefile of=filename

   devicefile ϥꥸʥΥեåԡäƤɥ饤֤ΥǥХ
  ̾ǡfilename ϥԡե̾Ǥ

  㤨 /dev/fd0  /tmp/diskette.copy Ȥեإԡ
  ϼΤ褦ˤʤǤ礦

                dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/tmp/diskette.copy

  Τ褦"count" ѥ᡼άȡǥΤ 2880 ֥å
  ʹ̩٥եåԡξˤԡޤ

  ե򿷤եåԡ˽᤹ˤϡեåԡ
  Υޥɤ¹Ԥޤ

                dd if=filename of=devicename

  ޤǽҤ٤ƤƤϥեåԡɥ饤֤ҤȤĤʤǤ
  Ʊɥ饤֤ 2 ĤˤϡΤ褦ʥޥɤȤľܥ
  åԡ֤ǥԡǤޤ

                dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/fd1

  6.7.  Q. ֡ȤΤӤ"ahaxxxx=nn,nn,nn" ǤΤݤǤ

  㤨 SCSI ǥХưŪ˸Τʤ褦ʾˤϡͥ˰
  Τ褦ʥѥ᡼ʸͿƤɬפޤ

                aha152x=0x340,11,3,1

  LILO ѤƤΥѥ᡼ʸ򥫡ͥϤˤϤĤˡ
  ޤ

  o  ƥब LILO ˤäƵư뤿Ӥ˥ޥɥ饤󤫤ѥ᡼
     ǤࡣݤʤǤ͡

  o  LILO "lock" ɤѤơޥɥ饤󤫤Ǥѥ
     ᡼ǥեȤˤ롣Υ֡ȤǤ LILO Ʊ
     Ȥ褦ˤʤޤ

  o  ե APPEND Ȥѥ᡼ʸϰǰϤɬ
     פ뤳ȤդƲ

  ޥɥ饤󤫤ѥ᡼ʸǤϰʲΤ褦ˤʤ
  礦

                zImage  aha152x=0x340,11,3,1 root=/dev/sda1 lock

  ϥǥХΥѥ᡼ʸϤͥ˥롼ȥǥХ
  /dev/sda1 ˤ褦ؼˤΥޥɥ饤Τ¸Ƽ
  Υ֡ȤǺƤѤ褦ˤƤޤ

  APPEND ϰʲΤ褦ˤʤޤ

                APPEND = "aha152x=0x340,11,3,1"

  ޥɥ饤Ǥϥѥ᡼ʸϰǰϤäƤϤޤ󡣵դ
  APPEND ǤϰǰϤʤйԤޤ󡣴ְ㤨ʤ褦ˡ

  ѥ᡼ʸǽˤϥͥ˥ɥ饤ФޤޤƤʤ
  ʤޤ󡣴ޤޤƤʤФ⤽ѥ᡼Τʤ
  Ǥ顢ɬפʥɥ饤Фޤͥƹۤɬפޤ
  ͥƹۤξܺ٤ˤĤƤ /usr/src/linux ǥ쥯ȥ README 䡢
  Linux FAQInstallation HOWTO ʤɤɤ߲ޤɬפʥɥ饤
  ޤѤΥͥ졢ȤäƲ

  LILO 򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹 LILO źʸɤǤȤ򶯤
  ᤷޤѰդ BOOT Ȥȡѡƥ˾㳲Ϳ뤳
  ⤢ޤ

  6.8.  Q. RAM ǥ˥եåԡ礭ե륷ƥ
  ϡ

  1.3.48 ʹߤΥͥǤ ``֡ȥǥ'' ǽҤ٤ˡ
  ̥ե륷ƥĤΤɤǤ礦ʤΥͥ뤬
  ΥСξϡͥ򥢥åץ졼ɤ뤫 HOWTO ʸ
   2.0 ǰΤΤ򻲾ȤƲ

  6.9.  Q. ֡Ȼ A: cannot execute B Ȥä顼Фޤ

  桼ƥƥ¾Υץư硢Υץ̾
  桼ƥƥ˥ϡɥǥ󥰤Ƥ뤳Ȥޤ
  Τ褦ʾϼºݤ˥ץबäƤ桼ƥƥˤϸʤȤ
  Ȥޤstring ޥɤѤϤѥפ grep ˤĤ
  С򵯤桼ƥƥɤ̾¾ΥץȤäƤ
  뤫Τ뤳ȤǤޤ

  ȤƤϰʲΤ褦ʤΤΤƤޤ

  o  ΥС shutdown  /etc/reboot ľܥץ˽
     Ƥޤä reboot  /etc ֤ɬפޤ

  o  ͥ뤬 init դʤȤ꤬äȤ
     

  褹ˤϥץǥ쥯ȥ˰ư뤫
  ⤷ inittab Τ褦եѹɬפޤ
  路ˤϸߥϡɥǥǻȤäƤΤƱǥ쥯ȥ깽
  inittab/etc/rc.d ȤäƤߤ뤳ȤǤ

  6.10.  Q. Υͥ RAM ǥǽ򥵥ݡȤƤΤ RAM
  ǥΥ 0 ˤʤäƤޤޤ

  Τ褦ʤȤ

        Ramdisk driver initialized : 16 ramdisks of 0K size

  Τ褦ʥͥå֡Ȼ˸ޤ

  ̾ RAM ǥ硢ΥϥǥեȤ 4096K 
  ޤϥͥѥ᡼ ramdisk_size  ramdisk ǻꤵ줿ͤˤ
  ޤ

   0K ξˤϡ餯֡ȻˤΥͥѥ᡼
   0 ꤵƤΤǤ礦LILO ե˰ʲΤ褦ʹ
  ޤ󤫡

        ramdisk 0

  ŤۥѥåǤ LILO եΥץˤιԤäƤ
  뤳ȤޤιԤϥͥǤͥ褵ƤƤޤ
  

  1.3.48 ʹߤΥͥǤϤϴطޤ󡣤ʤʤ饫ͥ
  ᡼ ramdisk_size  RAM ǥ̤κͤꤹΤǤ
  ꡢ֡Ȼ˳Ƥ륵ꤹΤǤϤʤǤ֡
  Ȼˤ RAM ǥؤϥγƤϤޤ

  Ȥ櫓ǡμؤβ LILO  ramdisk ѥ᡼
  ȡǤ

   0  RAM ǥѤη̤ͽ¬Ǥޤ󡣥ͥ
  ѥ˥å뤳Ȥ⤢ޤ

  A.  ;

  ΥǤΥСꤷʤѥå̾
  ΥСʬ vvv Ȥޤäͳʤо˺ǿΥС
  äƤ褦ˤƲ

  A.1.  ۥѥåΥ֡ȥǥ

  ʲۥѥåΥ֡ȥǥΰ켡Ȥ򼨤ޤ

  Υޥ٤򸺤餹ᡢߥ顼ȤȤ褦ˤƲ

  o  Slackware bootdisks
     <http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/slackware/bootdsks.144/>
      Slackware mirror sites
     <http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/slackware/MIRRORS.TXT>

  o  Red Hat bootdisks
     <http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/redhat/current/i386/images/>
      Red Hat mirror sites <http://www.redhat.com/ftp.html>

  o  Debian bootdisks <ftp://ftp.debian.org/pub/debian/stable/disks-
     i386>  Debian mirror sites
     <ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/README.mirrors>

  A.2.  LILO - Linux 

  Werner Almesberger ԤǤͥ줿֡ȥǤɥȤ
  ϥ֡ȥƤ䡢֡ȥץνʳ˴ؤ󤬴ޤޤ
  ޤ

  ftp  tsx-11.mit.edu  /pub/linux/packages/lilo/lilo.vvv.tar.gz
  Ȥ֤̾Ƥޤsunsite ӤΥߥ顼Ȥˤ⤢
  

  A.3.  Linux FAQ  HOWTO ʸ

  ʤȤ֤Ƥޤusenet Υ˥塼롼 news.answers
   comp.os.linux.answers 򸫤Ʋ

  sunsite.unc.edu  /pub/Linux/doc  ftp Ǥޤ

  o  FAQ  /pub/linux/docs/faqs/linux-faq ˤޤ

  o  HOWTO ʸ /pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO ˤޤ

  WWW ʤ Linux documentation home page
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.html> ʲΥڡ򸫤Ʋ

  ɤʤ顢mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu ˡʸ"help" Ƚ񤤤
  ꡢƤ˽äƲ

  : boot ǥ Linux Installation HOWTO  Linux
  Install Guide ʤɤ FAQϢʸɤǲɤǤʤ
   boot ǥ٤ǤϤޤ

  ܸ JF ʸ <ftp://jf.linux.or.jp/pub/JF/> ˤޤ
  WWW ڡ <http://jf.linux.or.jp/JF/JF.html> Ǥ

  A.4.  RAM ǥλȤ

  ʤä RAM ǥư˴ؤͥ줿ʸ Linux ͥ
  °ޤ/usr/src/linux/Documentation/ramdisk.txt 򸫤Ʋ
   Paul Gortmaker 񤤤Τḁ̇̄ե륷ƥκ
  Ƥޤ HOWTO  ``֡ȥǥ'' ƱΤ
  Ǥ

  A.5.  쥹塼ѥå

  A.5.1.  Bootkit

  Ԥ Scott Burkett ǤBootkit Ȥȡ˥塼ǥ쥹塼
  ǥꡢǥƤ뤳ȤǤޤ˥塼
   Dialog ѥåѤɤɤΤǤޤǥ
  Υǥ쥯ȥĥ꡼ϥץ򤷤䤹ΤˤʤäƤޤѥ
  ˤɬפʥեΥץޤޤƤޤΥѥå
  Ūϥǥγάꤹ뤳ȤǤꡢɤʥեǥ
  졢ɤ򤹤Τϥ桼ʤФʤޤ󡣤ΤȤ
  ˤʤͤʤФΥѥå򵤤Ǥ礦

  sunsite.unc.edu  /pub/Linux/system/Recovery/Bootkit-vvv.tar.gz 
  ftp Ʋ

  A.5.2.  CatRescue

  Ԥ Oleg Kibirev ǤΥѥåǤϡ̤Ȥä¹ԥե
  򥷥륹ץȤˤꤷơȤˤǥڡ򹭤뤳
  ˽֤ƤޤɥȤˤ͡ʾ㳲Фк
  Ƥޤ

  gd.cs.csufresno.edu  /pub/sun4bin/src/CatRescue100.tgz  ftp 
  

  A.5.3.  Rescue Shell Scripts

  Thomas Heiling ԤǤΥѥåˤ boot  boot/root ե
  ԡ륷륹ץȤޤޤƤޤ LILO ʤɤγ
  ץΤΥС˰¸Ƥ뤿ᡢ߻ȤäƤ륷
  ƥ֤Τ˾ϫ뤫⤷ޤ󡣤ʸ˴
  ޤƤ륷륹ץȤŪʤΤɬפǤ顢ȯȤ
  ƤΩĤǤ礦

  sunsite.unc.edu  /pub/Linux/system/Recovery/rescue.tgz  ftp 
  

  A.5.4.  SAR - Search and Rescue

  Ԥ Karel Kubat ǤSAR ϥ쥹塼ǥץ
  ǡɬפȤǥڡ򾮤뤿˿ʥƥ˥å
  ȤäƤޤޥ˥奢ˤ Linux Υ֡ȥץץ
  ˴ؤƤ⵭ҤƤޤ

  ftp.icce.rug.nl:/pub/unix/SAR-vvv.tar.gz  ftp Ǥޤ

  ޥ˥奢 WWW Ǥ⸫뤳ȤǤޤ
  <http://www.icce.rug.nl/karel/programs/SAR.html> ɤ

  A.5.5.  YARD

  Ԥ Tom Fawcett Ǥyard Ǥ 1.3.48 ʹߤΥͥΰ̥ǥ
  ǽѤƤꡢޥ줿쥹塼ǥ뤳Ȥ
  Ǥޤ``֡ȥǥ'' ǽҤ٤Ƥ뤳Ȥʬư
  Ū˹Ԥ褦߷פƤޤ yard 򤵤줿եʥ
  饤֥ꡢ/etc/fsatabrcpasswd ʤɡˤåơ쥹
  塼ǥ֡Ȥ뤿ɬפʤΤ٤·äƤ뤫ǧ
  Ƥޤyard ¹Ԥˤ Perl5  LILO ɬפǤޤͥ
  .3.48 ʹߤΤΤǤɬפޤ

  Yard Υۡڡ <http://www.cs.umass.edu/~fawcett/yard.html> 
  ޤˤϺǿǤȡǶΥХ˴ꤹ󤬤ޤYard 
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/recovery/> 
  Ǥޤ

  B.  

  B.1.  ǥΥǥ쥯ȥ

   root ǥ utility ǥΥǥ쥯ȥǤ
  ꥹȤϥƥݡޤȤѤƲͭפȻפ
  Ȥ򤤤Ĥ񤭹Ǥޤ

  B.1.1.  root ǥΥǥ쥯ȥ

  total 18
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 29 21:16 bin/
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         9216 Jul 28 16:21 dev/
  drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root         1024 Jul 29 20:25 etc/
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 28 19:53 lib/
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 24 22:47 mnt/
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 24 22:47 proc/
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 28 19:07 sbin/
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 29 20:57 tmp/
  drwxr-xr-x   4 root     root         1024 Jul 29 21:35 usr/
  drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root         1024 Jul 28 19:52 var/

  bin:
  total 713
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          7737 Jul 24 22:16 cat*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          9232 Jul 24 22:48 chmod*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          8156 Jul 24 22:48 chown*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         19652 Jul 24 22:48 cp*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         8313 Jul 29 21:16 cut*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         12136 Jul 24 22:48 dd*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          9308 Jul 24 22:48 df*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         9036 Jul 29 20:24 dircolors*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          9064 Jul 24 22:48 du*
  -rwxr-x---   1 root     bin         69252 Jul 24 22:51 e2fsck*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          5361 Jul 24 22:48 echo*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          5696 Jul 24 22:16 hostname*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          6596 Jul 24 22:49 kill*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         10644 Jul 24 22:17 ln*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         13508 Jul 24 22:17 login*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         26976 Jul 24 22:17 ls*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          7416 Jul 24 22:49 mkdir*
  -rwxr-x---   1 root     bin         34596 Jul 24 22:51 mke2fs*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          6712 Jul 24 22:49 mknod*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         20304 Jul 24 22:17 more*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         24704 Jul 24 22:17 mount*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         12464 Jul 24 22:17 mv*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         20829 Jul 24 22:50 ps*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          9424 Jul 24 22:50 rm*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          4344 Jul 24 22:50 rmdir*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root       299649 Jul 27 14:12 sh*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          9853 Jul 24 22:17 su*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin           380 Jul 27 14:12 sync*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         13620 Jul 24 22:17 umount*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         5013 Jul 29 20:03 uname*

  dev:
  total 0
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           10 Jul 24 22:34 cdrom -> /dev/sbpcd
  crw--w--w-   1 root     tty        4,   0 Jul 24 21:49 console
  brw-rw----   1 root     floppy     2,   0 Apr 28  1995 fd0
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            4 Jul 24 22:34 ftape -> rft0
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     sys       10,   2 Jul 18  1994 inportbm
  crw-rw----   1 root     kmem       1,   2 Jul 28 16:21 kmem
  crw-rw----   1 root     kmem       1,   1 Jul 18  1994 mem
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            4 Jul 24 22:34 modem -> cua0
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            4 Jul 24 22:34 mouse -> cua1
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     sys        1,   3 Jul 18  1994 null
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       1,   1 Jul 18  1994 ram
  crw-rw----   1 root     disk      27,   0 Jul 18  1994 rft0
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk      25,   0 Jul 19  1994 sbpcd
  *** Ǥ SCSI ѡƥΤΥǥХ֤ƤޤIDE
  *** ȤäƤ /dev/hdxx ȤäƲ
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       8,   0 Apr 29  1995 sda
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       8,   6 Apr 29  1995 sda6
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       8,   7 Apr 29  1995 sda7
  brw-rw----   1 root     disk       8,   8 Apr 29  1995 sda8
  ***  systty  console ؤΥ󥯤ɬפǤ
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            7 Jul 28 12:56 systty -> console
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     tty        5,   0 Jul 18  1994 tty
  crw--w--w-   1 root     tty        4,   0 Jul 18  1994 tty0
  crw--w----   1 root     tty        4,   1 Jul 24 22:33 tty1
  crw--w----   1 root     tty        4,   2 Jul 24 22:34 tty2
  crw--w--w-   1 root     root       4,   3 Jul 24 21:49 tty3
  crw--w--w-   1 root     root       4,   4 Jul 24 21:49 tty4
  crw--w--w-   1 root     root       4,   5 Jul 24 21:49 tty5
  crw--w--w-   1 root     root       4,   6 Jul 24 21:49 tty6
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     tty        4,   7 Jul 18  1994 tty7
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     tty        4,   8 Jul 18  1994 tty8
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     tty        4,   9 Jul 19  1994 tty9
  crw-rw-rw-   1 root     sys        1,   5 Jul 18  1994 zero

  etc:
  total 20
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root         2167 Jul 29 20:25 DIR_COLORS
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           20 Jul 28 12:37 HOSTNAME
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root          109 Jul 24 22:57 fstab
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root          271 Jul 24 22:21 group
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root         2353 Jul 24 22:27 inittab
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root            0 Jul 29 21:02 issue
  *** ֡Ȼ ld.so.cache ʤȡưʤʤΤФޤ
  *** Υե򥢥åץǡȤ ldconfig  rc.x ץȤ¹
  *** 褦ˤʤäƤ뤳ȤǧƲ
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root         2881 Jul 28 19:38 ld.so.cache
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           12 Jul 24 22:22 motd
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root          606 Jul 28 19:25 passwd
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root         1065 Jul 24 22:21 profile
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 29 21:01 rc.d/
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           18 Jul 24 22:21 shells
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root          774 Jul 28 13:43 termcap
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root          126 Jul 28 13:44 ttys
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root            0 Jul 24 22:47 utmp

  etc/rc.d:
  total 5
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1158 Jul 24 22:23 rc.K*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1151 Jul 28 19:08 rc.M*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          507 Jul 29 20:25 rc.S*
  *** shutdown ץȤϻȤޤRAM ǥǤȤäƤޤ
  *** 顢ä˥åȥ˵ȤɬפϤޤ

  lib:
  total 588
  ***  ELF ƥȤäƤޤ ELF ΥǤ ld-linux.so
  *** ֤Ƥޤޤ a.out ΥƥȤäƤ ld.so ɬ
  *** פˤʤޤ饤֥꤬ɤΤΤĴ٤ˤ file ޥ
  *** Ȥޤ
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           17 Jul 24 23:36 ld-linux.so.1 -> ld-linux.so.1.7.3*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        20722 Aug 15  1995 ld-linux.so.1.7.3*
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           13 Jul 24 23:36 libc.so.5 -> libc.so.5.0.9*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root       562683 May 19  1995 libc.so.5.0.9*
  *** libtermcap ɬܤǤ
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           19 Jul 28 19:53 libtermcap.so.2 -> libtermcap.so.2.0.0*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        11360 May 19  1995 libtermcap.so.2.0.0*

  mnt:
  total 0

  proc:
  total 0

  sbin:
  total 191
  ***  Slackware ʤΤ agetty ȤƤޤ¾¿Υƥ
  ***  getty ȤäƤޤ/etc/inittab 򸫤ơɤ餬ȤƤ
  *** 뤫Ĵ٤Ʋ֡ȸ˲򤹤ˤƤ (a)getty  login 
  *** ɬɬפǤ˺ʤ褦ˡ
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         11309 Jul 24 22:54 agetty*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          5204 Jul 24 22:19 halt*
  *** 줬̵ȥ֡Ȥޤ
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         20592 Jul 24 22:19 init*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        86020 Jul 28 19:07 ldconfig*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          5329 Jul 27 14:10 mkswap*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         5204 Jul 24 22:20 reboot*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin         12340 Jul 24 22:20 shutdown*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         5029 Jul 24 22:20 swapoff*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     bin          5029 Jul 24 22:20 swapon*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        20592 Jul 27 18:18 telinit*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         7077 Jul 24 22:20 update*

  tmp:
  total 0

  usr:
  total 2
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 29 21:00 adm/
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 29 21:16 lib/

  usr/adm:
  total 0

  usr/lib:
  total 0

  var:
  total 1
  *** ΥƥǤϡΥǥ쥯ȥä /etc/rc.S 
  *** /var/run/utmp ԤޤǤϡʸޥɤĤ
  *** ޤ¾ΥƥǤפ⤷ޤ
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 28 19:52 run/

  var/run:
  total 0

  B.1.2.  utility ǥΥǥ쥯ȥ

  total 579
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        42333 Jul 28 19:05 cpio*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root       103560 Jul 29 21:31 elvis*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        56401 Jul 28 19:06 find*
  -rw-r--r--   1 root     root       128254 Jul 28 19:03 ftape.o
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        64161 Jul 29 20:47 grep*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        45309 Jul 29 20:48 gzip*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        23560 Jul 28 19:04 insmod*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          118 Jul 28 19:04 lsmod*
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            5 Jul 28 19:04 mt -> mt-st*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         9573 Jul 28 19:03 mt-st*
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            6 Jul 28 19:05 rmmod -> insmod*
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root       104085 Jul 28 19:05 tar*
  lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            5 Jul 29 21:35 vi -> elvis*

  B.2.  եåԡѥ륹ץ

  Υ륹ץȤϤޤȤƵ󤲤ΤǤϤ
  ץȤʬΥƥǥ쥹塼ѥեåԡȤѤƤ
  ޤɼԤγˤ˻ȤäƤ뤫⤷ޤ󤬡ξ
  Ǥդɤǲ㤨ХåץǥХְ㤨ƻꤹ
  ȡ롼ȥե륷ƥŰŪˡƱʵפ˾ääƤޤ
  ǤȤ꤬ɤ٤ⲿ٤ǧƲ

  ΥץȤѤȡ쥹塼ѥǥΥåȤ᤯
  ȤǤޤ

  o  ͥ boot ǥ˥ԡrdev 褦
     Ԥʤ

  o  mkroot ץȤ򤢤ʤΥƥˤ碌ѹroot ǥ
     롣뤫ˤĤƤϡ˼ǥ쥯ȥ򻲹ͤ
     Ʋ

  o  mkutil ץȤѤƹߤΥ桼ƥƥ utility ǥ
     롣

  륹ץȤ 2 Ĥޤ

  o  mkroot - root ޤ boot/root ǥ륹ץ

  o  mkutil - utility ǥ륹ץ

  ߤΤȤξԤϤ줾 boot_diskutil_disk οƥǥ쥯ȥǵư
  褦ˤʤäƤޤƥǥ쥯ȥˤϳơΥեåԡ˥ԡ
  ΤƤޤΥ륹ץȤϼưŪɬפʥե
  Ǿ嵭ǥ쥯ȥ˥ԡƤ櫓ǤϤޤ󡣤ɤ
  ե뤬ɬפϼʬǷơΥǥ쥯ȥ˥ԡɬפ
  ޤǾҲ𤹤Τϥǥ쥯ȥƤեåԡ˥ԡ
  륹ץȤǤǾҲ𤹤륷륹ץȤϸŪʤ
  ǡ鿴ԸʪǤϤʤȤդƲ

  줾Υ륹ץȤƬǤϡѤѿꤷƤޤ
  ͤѤ boot_disk  util_disk ʳΥǥ쥯ȥǤΥ
  ץȤѤǤޤޤǥ쥯ȥ̾ƤΥǥ쥯ȥ
  ɬפʥեƤ˥ԡƲɬפʥǥ쥯ȥ
  ե˴ؤƤϡǼǥ쥯ȥ򸫤Ʋ

  륹ץѤƤѿåơ˾ߤ̤
  񤭴Ƥ饹ץȤ¹ԤƲ

  B.2.1.  mkroot - root եåԡ륹ץ

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # mkroot: make a root disk - creates a root diskette
  #         by building a file system on it, then mounting it and
  #         copying required files from a model.
  #         Note: the model to copy from from must dirst be set up,
  #         then change the configuration variables below to suit
  #         your system.
  #
  # usage: mkroot [ -d swap | ram ]
  #       where swap means use $SWAPDEV swap device
  #       and ram means use $RAMDISKDEV ramdisk device

  # Copyright (c) Graham Chapman 1996. All rights reserved.
  # Permission is granted for this material to be freely
  # used and distributed, provided the source is acknowledged.
  # No warranty of any kind is provided. You use this material
  # at your own risk.

  # Configuration variables - set these to suit your system
  #
  ####  set the device to use to build the root filesystem on.
  ####  ramdisk is safer - swap is ok only if you have plenty of
  ####  free memory. If linux can't swap then things get nasty.
  USEDEVICE="ramdisk"             # set to either "ramdisk" or "swap"
  RAMDISKDEV="/dev/ram"           # ramdisk device <==== CHANGE if using ramdisk
  SWAPDEV="/dev/sda7"             # swap device    <==== CHANGE if using swap
  FSBLOCKS=3072                   # desired filesystem size in blocks
  #
  ####  set name or directory where you have set up your rootdisk
  ####  model
  ROOTDISKDIR="./root_disk"       # name of root disk directory
  MOUNTPOINT="/mnt"               # temporary mount point for diskette
  DISKETTEDEV="/dev/fd0"          # device name of diskette drive
  LOGFL="`pwd`/mkroot.log"        # log filename
  TEMPROOTFS="/tmp/mkrootfs.gz"   # temp file for compressed filesystem
  # End of Configuration variables

  # Internal variables
  ROOTDISKDEV=

  case $USEDEVICE in
  swap|ramdisk)   :;;
  *)      echo "Invalid setting for USEDEVICE variable"
          exit;;
  esac

  clear
  echo "    ***************** W A R N I N G ******************

  Use this script with care. If you don't understand it, then
  exit NOW!"

  if [ "$USEDEVICE" = "swap" ]
  then
          ROOTDISKDEV=$SWAPDEV
          echo -e "\nThis script will temporarily remove the swap file $SWAPDEV"
          echo "and use the space to build a compressed root filesystem from"
          echo "the files in the directory tree below $ROOTDISKDIR. To do this"
          echo "safely you must have 8Mb or more of memory, and you should"
          echo "switch to single user mode via 'init 1'."
          echo -e "\nIf you have used a ramdisk since the last reboot, then"
          echo "reboot NOW before using this script."
          echo -e "\nIf the script fails, you may not have a swap partition. Run 'free'"
          echo "and check the total size to see if it is correct. If the swap"
          echo "partition $SWAPDEV is missing, do the following:"
          echo "  umount $MOUNTPOINT"
          echo "  mkswap $SWAPDEV"
          echo "  swapon $SWAPDEV"
          echo "to restore the swap partition $SWAPDEV."
  else
          ROOTDISKDEV=$RAMDISKDEV
          echo -e "\nThis script will use a ramdisk of $FSBLOCKS Kb. To do this safely"
          echo "you must have at least 8Mb of memory. If you have only 8Mb you should"
          echo "ensure nothing else is running on the machine."
          echo -e "\nWhen the script is complete, the ramdisk will still be present, so"
          echo "you should reboot to reclaim the memory allocated to the ramdisk."
  fi

  echo -e "
  Do you want to continue (y/n)? \c"
  read ans
  if [ "$ans" != "Y" -a $ans != "y" ]
  then
          echo "not confirmed - aborting"
          exit
  fi

  echo "Starting mkroot at `date`" > $LOGFL

  if [ "$USEDEVICE" = "swap" ]
  then
          echo "Unmounting swap device $SWAPDEV" | tee -a $LOGFL
          swapoff $SWAPDEV >> $LOGFL 2>&1
  fi

  echo "Zeroing device $ROOTDISKDEV" | tee -a $LOGFL
  dd if=/dev/zero of=$ROOTDISKDEV bs=1024 count=$FSBLOCKS >> $LOGFL 2>&1
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]
  then
          echo "dd zeroing $ROOTDISKDEV failed" | tee -a $LOGFL
          exit 1
  fi

  echo "Creating filesystem on device $ROOTDISKDEV" | tee -a $LOGFL
  mke2fs -m0 $ROOTDISKDEV $FSBLOCKS >> $LOGFL 2>&1

  echo "Mounting $ROOTDISKDEV filesystem at $MOUNTPOINT" | tee -a $LOGFL
  mount -t ext2 $ROOTDISKDEV $MOUNTPOINT >> $LOGFL 2>&1
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]
  then
          echo "mount failed"
          exit 1
  fi

  # copy the directories containing files
  echo "Copying files from $ROOTDISKDIR to $MOUNTPOINT" | tee -a $LOGFL
  currdir=`pwd`
  cd $ROOTDISKDIR
  find . -print | cpio -dpumv $MOUNTPOINT >> $LOGFL 2>&1
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]
  then
          echo "cpio step failed."
          cd $currdir
          exit 1
  fi
  cd $currdir

  fssize=`du -sk $MOUNTPOINT|cut -d"      " -f1`
  echo "Uncompressed root filesystem size is $fssize Kb" | tee -a $LOGFL
  echo "Unmounting filesystem from $ROOTDISKDEV" | tee -a $LOGFL
  umount $MOUNTPOINT >> $LOGFL 2>&1

  echo "Compressing filesystem from $ROOTDISKDEV into $TEMPROOTFS
          This may take a few minutes..." | tee -a $LOGFL

  #       We don't bother with gzip -9 here - takes more than twice as long
  #       and saves less than 1% in space on my root disk...
  dd if=$ROOTDISKDEV bs=1024 count=$FSBLOCKS 2>>$LOGFL | gzip -c > $TEMPROOTFS

  fssize=`du -k $TEMPROOTFS|cut -d"       " -f1`
  echo "Compressed root filesystem size is $fssize Kb" | tee -a $LOGFL

  echo -e "Insert diskette in $DISKETTEDEV and press any key
          ***  Warning: data on diskette will be overwritten!\c"
  read ans

  echo "Copying compressed filesystem from $TEMPROOTFS to $DISKETTEDEV" | tee -a $LOGFL
  dd if=$TEMPROOTFS of=$DISKETTEDEV >>$LOGFL 2>&1
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]
  then
          echo "copy step failed."
          exit 1
  fi

  if [ "$USEDEVICE" = "swap" ]
  then
          echo "Reinitialising swap device $SWAPDEV" | tee -a $LOGFL
          mkswap $SWAPDEV >> $LOGFL 2>&1
          echo "Starting swapping to swap device $SWAPDEV" | tee -a $LOGFL
          swapon $SWAPDEV >> $LOGFL 2>&1
  fi

  echo "Deleting $TEMPROOTFS" | tee -a $LOGFL
  rm $TEMPROOTFS

  echo "mkroot completed at `date`" >> $LOGFL

  echo "Root diskette creation complete - please read log file $LOGFL"
  ______________________________________________________________________

  B.2.2.  mkutil - utility եåԡ륹ץ

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # mkutil: make a utility diskette - creates a utility diskette
  #         by building a file system on it, then mounting it and
  #         copying required files from a model.
  #         Note: the model to copy from from must first be set up,
  #         then change the configuration variables below to suit
  #         your system.

  # Copyright (c) Graham Chapman 1996. All rights reserved.
  # Permission is granted for this material to be freely
  # used and distributed, provided the source is acknowledged.
  # No warranty of any kind is provided. You use this material
  # at your own risk.

  # Configuration variables...
  UTILDISKDIR=./util_disk         # name of directory containing model
  MOUNTPOINT=/mnt                 # temporary mount point for diskette
  DISKETTEDEV=/dev/fd0            # device name of diskette drive

  echo $0: create utility diskette
  echo Warning: data on diskette will be overwritten!
  echo Insert diskette in $DISKETTEDEV and and press any key...
  read anything

  mke2fs $DISKETTEDEV
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]
  then
          echo mke2fs failed
          exit
  fi

  # Any file system type would do here
  mount -t ext2 $DISKETTEDEV $MOUNTPOINT
  if [ $? -ne 0 ]
  then
          echo mount failed
          exit
  fi

  # copy the directories containing files
  cp -dpr $UTILDISKDIR/* $MOUNTPOINT

  umount $MOUNTPOINT

  echo Utility diskette complete
  ______________________________________________________________________

