  Hellenic Linux Information Sheet
  Georgios E. Keramidas, keramida@ceid.upatras.gr
  v1.0, 22 October 1997

  Auto to keimevo parexei basikes plnrofories gia to leitourgiko sustnma
  Linux, sumperilambavomevns kai mias perigrafns tou Linux, mia lista me
  xaraktnristika, merikes apaitnseis kai arketes pnges.  Basizetai sto
  aggliko Linux Information Sheet (ekdosn 4.11, 13 Iavouariou 1997), to
  opoio diatnrei o Michael K. Johnson, johnsonm@redhat.com
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Table of Contents:

  1.      Eisagwgn sto Linux

  2.      Xaraktnristika tou Linux

  3.      0emata Ulikou (Hardware)

  3.1.    Elaxistes Apaitnseis

  3.2.    Xrnsimopoinsima Sustnmata

  3.3.    Uliko pou Upostnrizetai

  4.      Mikros Katalogos Metafermevwv Programmatwv & Allou Logismikou

  5.      Poios Xrnsimopoiei to Linux;

  6.      Pws va Parete to Linux

  6.1.    Avwvumo FTP

  6.2.    CDROM

  6.3.    Alloi Tropoi va Parete to Linux

  7.      Jekivwvtas

  8.      Nomikn Katastasn tou Linux

  9.      Nea gia to Linux

  10.     To Mellov

  11.     Auto to Keimevo

  12.     Nomika & Alla
  ______________________________________________________________________

  11..  EEiissaaggwwggnn ssttoo LLiinnuuxx

  To Linux eivai mia teleiws dwreav epavaulopoinsn tou POSIX protupou,
  me SYSV kai BSD epektaseis (pou snmaivei oti moiazei me UNIX, alla dev
  proerxetai apo tnv idia basn pngaiou kwdika), to opoio eivai dia0esimo
  se morfn pngaiou kwdika alla kai se ektelesimn morfn.  Ta pveumatika
  dikaiwmata avnkouv stov Linus B. Torvalds Linus.Torvalds@Helsinki.FI
  kai allous pou kata kairous exouv prosferei stnv avaptujn tou.
  Diavemetai ``eleu0era'', sumfwva me tous orous tns GNU General Public
  License.

  To Linux dev eivai public domain, kai dev eivai shareware.  Eivai
  ``dwreav'' logismiko, kai mporeite va dwsete avtigrafa tou, alla
  prepei va dwsete kai tov pngaio kwdika mazi n va kavete duvatn tnv
  diavomn tou me tov idio tropo.  Av diaveimete opoiesdnpote allages,
  eiste vomika upeu0uvoi va diaveimete tov pngaio kwdika gia autes tis
  allages.  Deite tnv GNU General Public License gia leptomereies.  Eva
  avtigrafo diavemetai me tov pngaio kwdika tou Linux, n mporeite va
  parete eva avtigrafo mesw ftp apo to prep.ai.mit.edu, katalogos
  /pub/GNU/COPYING.

  To Linux akomn diavemetai eleu0era, twra pou exei ftasei stnv ekdosn
  2.0, kai 0a suvexisei va diavemetai eleu0era.  Akribws logw tns fusns
  tns GNU adeias xrnsns, upo tous orous tns opoias diavemetai to Linux,
  0a ntav paravomo va mnv diavemetai eleu0era to Linux.  Prosoxn omws:
  eivai apolutws vomimo va apaitouvtai xrnmata gia tnv diavomn tou
  Linux, arkei va diavemetai kai o pngaios kwdikas mazi.  Autn eivai mia
  polu gevikn diapistwsn.  Av 0elete tis akribeis vomikes leptomereies,
  diabaste tnv GNU adeia xrnsns tou Linux.

  To Linux trexei se 386/486/Pentium mnxaves me ISA, EISA, PCI kai VLB
  diaulous.  O diaulos MCA (tns IBM) dev upostnrizetai teleia akoma,
  parolo pou exei arxisei va upostnrizetai apo ta kernels 2.1.x.  Av
  evdiafereste, deite tnv selida <http://glycerine.itsmm.uni.edu/mca>.

  Uparxei mia metafora se avaptujn gia polles Motorola 680x0 platformes
  (twra trexei se kapoies Amiga, Atari, kai VME mnxaves), pou twra pleov
  douleuei arketa kala.  Apaitei evav 68020 me MMU, evav 68030, 68040, n
  evav 68060.  Episns apaitei mia FPU.  Oi trexouses ekdoseis exouv
  upostnrijn kai gia diktuakes kai gia X efarmoges.

  To Linux trexei polu kala stous Alpha epejergastes tns DEC, me
  upostnrijn gia tis mnxaves "Jensen", "NoName", "Cabriolet", "Universal
  Desktop Box" (eurutera gvwsto ws Multia), kai polles alles platformes.
  Gia perissoteres plnrofories, deite tnv selida
  <http://www.azstarnet.com/~axplinux/FAQ.html>.

  To Linux trexei kala kai se Sun SPARCs; oi pio polles sun4c kai sun4m
  mnxaves twra mporouv va trejouv to Linux, me upostnrijn gia tis sun4u
  va exei ndn jekivnsei va avaptussetai.  To Red Hat Linux eivai (tnv
  stigmn pou grafovtai autes oi grammes) n movn diavomn tou Linux pou
  uparxei gia SPARCs!  Gia perissoteres plnrofories deite tnv selida
  <http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/rhl-sparc/>.

  To Linux metaferetai twra kai stnv arxitektovikn PowerPC,
  sumperilambavomevwv twv PowerMac (Nubus kai PCI), Motorola, IBM, kai
  Be mnxavwv.

  Metafores tou Linux kai se alles arxitektovikes, opws MIPS kai ARM,
  exouv jekivnsei kai deixvouv diafora pososta proodou.  Mnv kratate tnv
  avasa sas, alla av evdiafereste kai mporeite va prosferete, mporeite
  va breite ki allous pou 0a evdiaferovtousav va douleyouv mazi sas.

  To Linux dev 0ewreite pia se peiramatiko stadio, afou  ekdosn 1.0 exei
  teleiwsei apo tis 14 Martiou tou 1994.  Uparxouv akomn bugs sto
  sustnma, kai vea bugs 0a emfavizovtai kai 0a dior0wvovtai ka0ws perva
  o kairos.  Epeidn to Linux akolou0ei to ``avoixto protupo avaptujns'',
  oles oi vees ekdoseis 0a divovtai sto koivo, akomn ki av dev
  0ewrouvtai ``emporikns poiotntas''.  Parol' auta, kai gia va bon0n0ei
  o kosmos stnv epilogn evos sta0erou purnva, to akolou0o sxnma exei
  ulopoin0ei: Oi ekdoseis 2.x.y, opou to x eivai zugos ari0mos, eivai
  sta0eres ekdoseis kai movo dior0wseis la0wv prosti0evtai ka0ws to y
  aujavetai.  Etsi apo tnv ekdosn 2.0.2 stnv 2.0.3, uparxouv movo
  dior0wseis la0wv oxi vea xaraktnristika.  Oi ekdoseis 2.x.y, opou to x
  eivai evas perittos ari0mos, eivai beta-poiotntas ekdoseis movo gia
  developers.  Mporei va eivai asta0eis, va parousiazouv gevikotera
  problnmata kai allazouv polu grngora ka0ws vea features prosti0evtai
  se autes suvexeia.  Molis pervaei arketos kairos, ka0ws n trexousa
  ekdosn tou kernel sta0eropoieitai, n avaptujn ``pagwvei'' gia ligo,
  mia kaivouria sta0ern ekdosn tou kernel moirazetai, kai n avaptujn
  suvexizetai me mia kaivouria peiramatikn ekdosn.

  H trexousa sta0ern ekdosn eivai n 2.0.31 (auto 0a suvexisei va allazei
  ka0ws kaivourioi odngoi prosti0evtai kai bugs dior0wvovtai).  H
  peiramatikn ekdosn pou avaptussetai eivai n seira 2.1.x.  Av n 2.0.x
  eivai polu kaivouria gia esas, mporeite va parameivete me tnv 1.2.13
  pros to parov.  Parol' auta oi teleutaies 2.0.x ekdoseis exouv
  apodeixtei arketa sta0eres.  Snmeiwste oti n allagn apo tnv ekdosn 1.2
  stnv 2.0 apaitei va allajete kai polla apo ta programmata sas!  Isws
  protimnsete va allajete stnv pio kaivouria ekdosn tns diavomns sas gia
  va allajouv mazi kai auta ta programmata.  O pngaios kwdikas tou Linux
  kernel periexei eva arxeio, Documentation/Changes, pou ejngei autes
  tis allages kai polla alla.

  Oi pio polles ekdoseis tou Linux, peiramatikes kai mn, eivai arketa
  sta0eres, kai mporeite va suvexiste va tis xrnsimopoieite av kavouv
  auto pou 0elete kai dev sas evdiaferei va eiste stnv ``aixmn tns
  texvologias''.  Eva site eixe evav upologistn pou etrexe tnv ekdosn
  0.97p1 (apo to kalokairi tou 1992) gia pavw apo 136 nmeres xwris
  kaveva la0os n crash.  (0a leitourgouse gia polu perissotero av evas
  ergatns dev ekleive kata la0os tov metasxnmatistn kurias isxuos...)
  Alloi exouv steilei uptimes parapavw apo eva xrovo.  Eva site akomn
  eixe evav upologistn pou etrexe to Linux 0.99p15s gia pavw apo 600
  days tnv teleutaia fora pou to avefere.

  Eva pragma pou ajizei va jerei kaveis eivai oti to Linux akolou0ei eva
  avoixto kai katavemnmevo movtelo avaptujns, avti gia eva kleisto kai
  kevtrikopoinmevo movtelo, opws n pleioynfia twv upoloipwv megalwv
  sustnmatwv logismikou.  Auto snmaivei oti n trexousa ekdosn eivai
  pavta dia0esimn (me to polu mia n duo ebdomades ka0usternsn) etsi pou
  opoiosdnpote va mporei va tnv xrnsimopoinsei.  To apotelesma eivai oti
  opote mia kaivouria ekdosn me vea xaraktnristika bgaivei, sxedov pavta
  periexei kai bugs, alla suvtoma arxizei mia taxistn dokimn kai
  avaptujn, etsi pou ta bugs briskovtai kai dior0wvovtai grngora, suxva
  mesa se liges wres, afou polloi ergazovtai gia va ``xtisouv'' tnv vea
  ekdosn.

  Se avti0esn, to kleisto kai kevtrikopoinmmevo movtelo snmaivei oti
  uparxei eva atomo n mia omada pou douleuei sto project, kai diavemouv
  logismiko otav autoi vomizouv oti douleuei arketa kala.  Suxva auto
  odngei se megala diastnmata metaju twv diavomwv kai megales avamoves
  gia dior0wseis la0wv.  Safws n teleutaia ekdosn tetoiou sustnmatos
  logismikou eivai suxva uynlns poiotntas, alla n taxutnta avaptujns
  eivai gevika polu mikrotern.

  Stis 26 Oktwbriou, 1997, oi trexouses ekdoseis eivai 2.0.31 gia tnv
  sta0ern ekdosn tou Linux, kai 2.1.57 gia tnv peiramatikn.

  22..  XXaarraakkttnnrriissttiikkaa ttoouu LLiinnuuxx

  +o  Multitasking: polla programmata trexouv tautoxrova.

  +o  Poluxrnstiko (multiuser): polloi xrnstes sto idio mnxavnma
     tautoxrova (kai kamia avagkn gia polles adeies xrnstn!).

  +o  Metafersimo (multiplatform): trexei se polles diaforetikes CPUs,
     oxi movo stous epejergastes tns Intel.

  +o  Multiprocessor: Uparxei ndn upostnrijn SMP stis Intel kai SPARC
     platformes (me tnv douleia va exei jekivnsei kai se alles
     platformes), kai to Linux xrnsimopoieitai se polles MP efarmoges,
     sumperilambavomevwv kai twv sustnmatwv Beowulf (deite to
     <http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux-web/beowulf/beowulf.html>) kai
     stov Fujitsu AP1000+ uperupologistn pou basizetai stnv SPARC
     arxitektovikn.

  +o  Trexei se prostateumevn katastasn (protected mode) stov 386 kai
     tous vewterous Intel epejergastes.

  +o  Exei prostasia mvnmns metaju twv diergasiwv, etsi wste eva
     programma va mnv mporei va ``katebasei'' olo to sustnma.

  +o  Fortwvei otav uparxei avagkn ta ektelesima: to Linux diabazei apo
     to disko movo ekeiva ta mern evos programmatos pou pragmatika
     xrnsimopoiouvtai.

  +o  Koives copy-on-write selides metaju twv ektelesimwv.  Auto snmaivei
     oti polles diergasies mporouv va xrnsimopoiouv tis idies perioxes
     mvnmns gia va trexouv.  Otav kapoia prospa0nsei va grayei stnv
     mvnmn, ekeivn n selida (eva kommati 4KB tns mvnmns) avtigrafetai
     kapou allou.  To copy-on-write exei duo pleovektnmata: aujavei tnv
     taxutnta kai meiwvei tnv mvnmn pou apaiteitai.

  +o  Ideatn mvnmn xrnsimopoiwvtas selidopoinsn (dev kavei swapping
     oloklnres diergasies) kai meros tou diskou: se eva jexwristo
     partition n eva arxeio sto sustnma arxeiwv, n kai ta duo, me tnv
     duvatotnta gia pros0nkn perissoterwv swapping perioxwv se runtime
     xrovo (vai, akoma legovtai swapping perioxes).  Suvolika to polu 16
     swapping perioxes twv 128 MB mporouv va xrnsimopoiouvtai
     tautoxrova, divovtas eva 0ewrntiko orio twv 2 GB stnv suvolikn
     swapping perioxn.  Eivai aplo, omws, va allajei to orio auto,
     tropopoiwvtas liges grammes kwdika.

  +o  Mia evopoinmevn pngn mvnmns gia programmata xrnstn kai cache
     diskwv, etsi wste oln n eleu0ern mvnmn va mporei va xrnsimopoin0ei
     gia caching, kai n cache va mporei va meiw0ei otav trexouv megala
     programmata.

  +o  Duvamika fortwsimes diamoirasmeves biblio0nkes (dynamically linked
     shared libraries) (alliws gvwstes kai ws DLL's).  Bebaia,
     upostnrizei kai statikes biblio0nkes.

  +o  Dnmiourgei core dumps gia ek twv usterwv avalusn, divovtas tnv
     duvatotnta gia xrnsn evos debugger se eva programma oxi movo otav
     trexei, alla ki afou exei crash-arei.

  +o  Sumbato se eva megalo pososto me to POSIX, to System V, kai to BSD
     se epipedo pngaiou kwdika.

  +o  Mesw evos iBCS2-sumbatou tmnmatos ejomoiwsns, sumbato me SCO, SVR3,
     kai SVR4 se duadiko (ektelesimo) epipedo.

  +o  Olos o pngaios kwdikas eivai dia0esimos, sumperilambavomevou
     oloklnrou tou kernel kai olwv twv odngwv, twv ergaleiwv avaptujns
     kai olwv twv programmatwv xrnstn!  Episns, oloklnro to Linux mporei
     va diavemetai eleu0era oloklnro.  Polla emporika programmata
     uparxouv dia0esima gia Linux xwris tov pngaio kwdika, alla oti ntav
     eleu0era dia0esimo, sumperilambavomevou oloklnrou tou basikou
     leitourgikou sustnmatos, eivai akomn eleu0era dia0esimo.

  +o  Elegxos ergasiwv sumbatos me POSIX.

  +o  pseudoterminals (pty's).

  +o  Ejomoiwsn tns 387 FPU mesa sto idio to kernel etsi wste ta
     programmata dev xreiazetai va kavouv tnv dikn tous ejomoiwsn.  Ka0e
     upologistns pou trexei to Linux moiazei va exei eva ma0nmatiko
     suvepejergastn.  Bebaia, av o upologistns sas exei ndn mia FPU, 0a
     xrnsimopoin0ei autn avti gia tnv ejomoiwsn, kai mporeite va xtisete
     tov purnva sas xwris autn tnv ejomoiwsn, gia va kerdisete lign
     mvnmn.

  +o  Upostnrijn gia polla e0vika kai prosarmosima plnktrologia -- eivai
     arketa eukolo va proste0ouv kaivouria duvamika otav uparjei avagkn.

  +o  Pollaples ideates kovsoles: arketa avejartnta login sessions apo
     tnv kovsola tou sustnmatos, allazete patwvtas eva suvduasmo apo
     hot-keys (avejartnta apo to video hardware).  These are dynamically
     allocated; you can use up to 64.

  +o  Upostnrizei polla koiva sustnmata arxeiwv, sumperilambavomevwv twv
     minix, Xenix, ola ta koiva system V filesystems (p.x. UFS), kai
     exei eva diko tou ejeligmevo sustnma arxeiwv, to opoio prosferei
     sustnmata arxeiwv mexri 4 TB, kai ovomata pou periexouv mexri 255
     xaraktnres.  Epipleov, sto sustnma arxeiwv tou Linux, o movos
     periorismos pou uparxei sto poious xaraktnres mporei va periexei
     eva ovoma eivai oti dev mporei va periexei tov xaraktnra ASCII NUL
     (0) (avti0eta me to VFAT, p.x. pou apagoreuei tous xaraktnres
     ``*?<>|":/\+=,; []'').

  +o  Diafavn prospelasn twv arxeiwv evos MS-DOS partition (n OS/2 FAT
     partition) mesw evos eidikou sustnmatos arxeiwv: dev xreiazeste
     eidikes evtoles gia va xrnsimopoinsete to MS-DOS partition, moiazei
     sav eva kavoviko Unix sustnma arxeiwv (ektos apo merikous asteious
     periorismous sta ovomata twv arxeiwv, tnv prostasia twv arxeiwv,
     ktl.).  Ta sumpiesmeva partitions tou MS-DOS 6 dev douleuouv auto
     tov kairo xwris eva patch (dmsdosfs).  To Linux 2.0 upostnrizei to
     VFAT (WNT, Windows 95).

  +o  Eidiko sustnma arxeiwv, pou legetai UMSDOS, to opoio upostnrizei
     tnv egkatastasn tou Linux se eva DOS partition.

  +o  Upostnrijn (gia avagvwsn-movo) tou HPFS-2 (OS/2 2.1).

  +o  Upostnrijn gia to HFS (Macintosh) file system uparxei jexwrista sav
     module.

  +o  CD-ROM filesystem which reads all standard formats of CD-ROMs.

  +o  TCP/IP networking, including ftp, telnet, NFS, etc.

  +o  Appletalk ejupnretntns

  +o  Netware pelatns kai ejupnretntns

  +o  Lan Manager (SMB) pelatns kai ejupnretntns

  +o  Polla diktuaka prwtokolla: ta basika prwtokolla pou eivai dia0esima
     sta teleutaia peiramatika kernels perilambavouv ta TCP, IPv4, IPv6,
     AX.25, X.25, IPX, DDP (Appletalk), NetBEUI, Netrom, kai alla.
     Sta0era diktuaka prwtokolla pou periexovtai sta sta0era kernels
     perilambavouv ta TCP, IPv4, IPX, DDP, and AX.25.
  33..  00eemmaattaa UUlliikkoouu ((HHaarrddwwaarree))

  To uliko pou apaiteitai gia va trejei to Linux eivai elaxisto av
  elaxistes eivai ki oi dikes sas apaitnseis apo eva Linux sustnma.
  Parol' auta to uliko tou sustnmatos sas mporei va prosarmozetai stis
  trexouses avagkes sas.  Kai to Linux mporei va prosarmozetai stis
  allages autes!

  33..11..  EEllaaxxiisstteess AAppaaiittnnsseeiiss

  To akolou0o eivai pi0avov to mivimalistiko setup sto opoio mporei
  kapoios va xrnsimopoinsei to Linux: 386SX/16, 1 MB RAM, 1.44 MB n 1.2
  MB floppy, opoiadnpote upostnrizomevn karta o0ovns (+ plnktrologia,
  o0oves, kok. bebaia).  Auto 0a sas dwsei tnv duvatotnta va jekivnsete
  kai va dokimasete av douleuei to sustnma, alla dev 0a mporeite va
  kavete otidnpote xrnsimo.  Deite to
  <http://rsphy1.anu.edu.au/~gpg109/mem.html> gia alla ``mikra'' Linux
  configurations.

  Gia va kavete otidnpote, 0a xreiasteite kai kapoio xwro sto sklnro
  disko, 5 ws 10 MB 0a prepe va eivai arketa gia eva polu surrikvwmevo
  setup (movo me ta apolutws aparaitnta programmata ki isws mia n duo
  mikres efarmoges egkatestnmeves, opws, gia paradeigma eva programma
  termatikou [minicom,term,ktl.]).  Auto eivai akomn pragmatika polu
  periorismevo kai ka0olou aveto sav egkatastasn, kai dev exei arketo
  xwro gia va kavete sxedov tipota, ektos ki av n xrnsn pou 0a kavete
  exei polu periorismeves avagkes.  Dev suvistatai gevika gia otidnpote
  allo, ektos apo dokimes gia to av ta pragmata douleuouv, kai bebaia
  gia va mporoume va pernfaveuomaste pws to Linux exei fobera mikres
  apaitnseis.

  33..22..  XXrrnnssiimmooppooiinnssiimmaa SSuussttnnmmaattaa

  Av prokeitai va trejete upologistika baria programmata, opws tov gcc,
  ta X, n to TeX, mallov 0a xreiasteite eva pio grngoro epejergastn apo
  evav 386SX/16, alla akomn ki autos 0a ntav arketos av exete tnv
  apaitoumevn upomovn.

  Stnv pragmatikotnta, 0a xreiasteite toulaxistov 4 MB kurias mvnmns
  (RAM) av dev xrnsimopoieite ta X, kai 8 MB av ta xrnsimopoieite.
  Episns, av 0elete va upostnrizete pollous xrnstes tautoxrova, n va
  trexete polla megala programmata tnv idia stigmn (metaglwttiseis gia
  paradeigma), mporei va xreiasteite parapavw apo 4 MB kurias mvnmns.
  To Linux 0a douleyei akomn kai me mikrotera mege0n mvnmns (0a prepe va
  douleuei akomn kai me 2 MB), alla 0a xrnsimopoiei ideatn mvnmn
  (xrnsimopoiwvtas tov sklnro disko sav argn mvnmn) ki auto 0a eivai
  polu argo, sxedov aduvato va xrnsimopoin0ei.  Av xrnsimopoieite polla
  programmata tautoxrova, 16 MB 0a meiwsouv to swapping kata polu.  Av
  0elete va apofugete to swapping akomn kai katw apo arketa upologisimo
  load, 32 MB eivai mallov auto pou xreiazeste.  Bebaia, av trexete
  efarmoges pou pragmatika ``peivave'' gia mvnmn, 0a xreiasteite akomn
  pio polu mvnmn.

  To poso tou sklnrou diskou pou 0a xreiasteite ejartatai apo to
  logismiko pou 0elete va egkatastnsete.  To kavoviko basiko set apo
  Unix ergaleia, shells, kai programmata diaxeirisns tou sustnmatos
  xwraei sxetika aveta se ligotero apo 10MB me ligo xwro stnv akrn gia
  arxeia twv xrnstwv.  Gia eva pio oloklnrwmevo sustnma, parte tnv Red
  Hat, tnv Debian, tnv Slackware, n opoiadnpote alln diavomn, kai
  upologiste oti 0a xreiasteite apo 60 ws 300 MB, avaloga me to ti 0a
  dialejete va egkatastnsete kai poia diavomn 0a parete.  Pros0este se
  auto to xwro pou 0elete va desmeusete gia arxeia twv xrnstwv.  Me tis
  snmerives times stwv sklnrwv diskwv, av pairvete eva kaivourio
  sustnma, dev exei vonma va parete eva disko pou eivai polu mikros.
  Parte toulaxistov 500 MB, av kai 1 GB n pio polu eivai protimotero,
  kai dev 0a to metaviwsete.

  Pros0este perissotern mvnmn, megalutero sklnro disko, eva pio grngoro
  epejergastn, ki oti allo 0elete avaloga me tis avagkes, tis epi0umies
  kai to portofoli sas gia va jefugete apo to orio tou aplws
  xrnsimopoinsimou sustnmatos.  Gevika, mia megaln diafora tou Linux apo
  to DOS eivai oti sto Linux n pros0nkn mvnmns deixvei polu megalutern
  diafora, parolo pou sto DOS n ejtra mvnmn dev moiazei va allazei kai
  polla pragmata.  Auto exei, ev merei, sxesn kai me to asteio orio twv
  640 KB tou DOS, to opoio sto Linux apla dev uparxei.

  33..33..  UUlliikkoo ppoouu UUppoossttnnrriizzeettaaii

     CCPPUU::
        Otidnpote trexei programmata se prostateumevn katastasn
        leitourgias opws o 386 (ola ta movtela twv 386, 486, 586, kai
        686 0a prepe va douleuouv kavovika). Oi 286 kai oi katwteroi
        mporei kapoia mera va upostnrizovtai apo eva mikrotero kernel,
        to opoio legetai ELKS (Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset), alla mnv
        perimevete tis idies duvatotntes.  Mia ekdosn gia tous 680x0
        epejergastes (gia x = 2 me ejwterikn MMU, 3, 4, kai 6) pou
        trexei se Amiga kai Atari mporei va bre0ei sto tsx-11.mit.edu
        stov katalogo 680x0.  Polloi DEC Alpha upostnrizovtai.  Polloi
        SPARCs upostnrizovtai twra pleov.  Metafores exouv ndn jekivnsei
        gia tis PowerPC, ARM, kai MIPS arxitektovikes.  Polles
        leptomereies mporouv va bre0ouv kai se alla keimeva tou Linux
        Documentation Project.

     AArrcchhiitteeccttuurree::
        ISA n EISA diaulos.  O MCA diaulos (pou uparxei kuriws se
        au0evtikous PS/2) dev upostnrizetai plnrws, alla n upostnrijn
        beltiwvetai suvexeia (deite parapavw).  Oi Local diauloi (VLB
        kai PCI) douleuouv. To Linux apaitei pio polla pragmata apo to
        uliko ap' oti to DOS, ta Windows, kai ta pio polla alla
        leitourgika sustnmata.  Auto snmaivei oti merika kommatia
        ulikou, pou se alla leitourgika douleuouv se oriakn katastasn,
        xwris wstoso va apotugxavouv, mporei va parousiasouv problnma
        katw apo to Linux.  To Linux eivai, gia paradeigma, evas aristos
        elegktns mvnmns...

     RRAAMM::
        Mexri 1 GB se Intel platformes!  Pio polu se 64-bit platformes.
        Merikoi (ki o idios o Linus) exouv snmeiwsei oti n pros0nkn
        mvnmns xwris tnv pros0nkn avalogns cache ka0usterei to sustnma
        para polu, etsi av balete mvnmn kai paratnrnsete oti to sustnma
        sas eivai pio argo, dokimaste va pros0esete pio polu cache.
        Merikes mnxaves mporouv va kratouv cache movo gia sugkekrimeva
        mege0n mvnmns avejartnta apo tnv suvolikn dia0esimn mvnmn pou
        eivai egkatestnmevn sto sustnma (64 MB eivai to megisto mege0os
        mvnmns pou mporei va krataei se cache eva dnmofiles chipset).
        Pavw apo 64 MB kurias mvnmns xreiazovtai eidikn parametro kata
        tnv ekkivnsn, afou to BIOS mporei va avaferei to polu mexri 64
        MB, giati eivai `problnmatiko opws exei sxedias0ei'.

     DDaattaa ssttoorraaggee::
        Upostnrizovtai generic AT drives (EIDE, IDE, 16 bit HD
        controllers me MFM n RLL, n ESDI), opws kai SCSI sklnroi diskoi
        kai CD-ROMs, me evav SCSI adaptor, o opoios upostnrizetai.
        Episns, upostnrizovtai generic XT controllers (8 bit controllers
        me MFM n RLL).  Upostnrizovtai oi ejns SCSI adaptors: Advansys,
        Adaptec 1542, 1522, 1740, 27xx, kai n seira 29xx (me merikes
        epektaseis), Buslogic MultiMaster controllers (n upostnrijn
        Flashpoint eivai se beta-testing), controllers basismevoi sto
        NCR53c810, DPT controllers, Qlogic ISP kai FAS controllers,
        Seagate ST-01 kai ST-02, n seira Future Domain TMC-88x (n
        opoiodnpote board basismevo sto TMC950 chip) kai TMC1660/1680,
        Ultrastor 14F, 24F kai 34F, Western Digital wd7000, kai alloi.
        SCSI, QIC-02, kai merika QIC-80 tapes upostnrizovtai episns.
        Diaforoi CD-ROM odngoi upostnrizovtai, opws
        Matsushita/Panasonic, Mitsumi, Sony, Soundblaster, Toshiba,
        ATAPI (EIDE), SCSI, kai alloi.  Gia akribn movtela, deite to
        ``Hardware Compatibility HOWTO''.

     VViiddeeoo::
        H VGA, n EGA, n CGA, n Hercules (kai oi sumbates) douleuouv se
        text mode.  Gia grafika kai ta X, uparxei upostnrijn
        (toulaxistov) gia aples VGA, merikes super-VGA kartes (oi pio
        polles kartes pou basizovtai sto ET3000, ET4000, Paradise, kai
        merika Trident chipsets), S3, S3-Virge, 8514/A, ATI,
        MACH8/32/64, Matrox Millenium & Mystique kai Hercules.  (To
        Linux xrnsimopoiei tov Xfree86 X server, opote auto kavovizei ti
        kartes upostnrizovtai.  Mia oloklnrwmevn lista apo
        upostnrizomeva chipsets piavei apo movn tns pavw apo mia
        selida.)

     NNeettwwoorrkkiinngg::
        H upostnrijn gia Ethernet kartes perilambavei tis 3COM
        503/509/579/589 (oi 501/505/507 upostnrizovtai alla dev tis
        suvistoume), AT&T GIS (NCR) WaveLAN, oi pio polles kartes pou
        basizovtai stnv WD8390, oi pio polles kartes pou basizovtai stis
        WD80x3 kartes, n NE1000/2000 ki oi pio polloi klwvoi tous,
        AC3200, Apricot 82596, AT1700, ATP, DE425/434/435/500, D-Link
        DE-600/620, DEPCA, DE100/101, DE200/201/202 Turbo, DE210, DE422,
        Cabletron E2100 (dev suvistatai), Intel EtherExpress (dev
        suvistatai), DEC EtherWORKS 3, HP LAN, HP PCLAN/plus, oi pio
        polles kartes pou basizovtai stnv AMD LANCE, NI5210, ni6510, SMC
        Ultra, DEC 21040 (tulip), Zenith Z-Note ethernet, oles oi Zircom
        kartes ki oles oi Cabletron kartes ektos apo tnv E2100 dev
        upostnrizovtai, epeidn oi kataskeuastes tous dev dexovtai va
        diavemouv eleu0era plnrofories gia tov programmatismo tous.

        H trexousa upostnrijn gia FDDI perilambavei tis DEFxx kartes apo
        tnv DEC.

        H upostnrijn gia Point-to-Point suvdeseis perilambavei ta
        prwtokolla PPP, SLIP, CSLIP, kai PLIP.

     SSeeiirriiaakkeess 00uurreess::
        Ta perissotera boards pou basizovtai sto 16450 kai sto 16550
        UART, sumperilambavomevns tns AST Fourport, tns Usenet Serial
        Card II, kai allwv.  Ta intelligent boards pou upostnrizovtai
        perilambavouv tnv seira Cyclades Cyclom (upostnrizovtai apo tov
        kataskeuastn), tnv seira Comtrol Rocketport (upostnrizovtai apo
        tov kataskeuastn), Stallion (ta pio polla boards, upostnrizovtai
        apo tov kataskeuastn), and Digi (merika boards, dev
        upostnrizovtai apo tov kataskeuastn).  Merikes ISDN, frame
        relay, kai leased line kartes upostnrizovtai.

     AAlllloo UUlliikkoo::
        SoundBlaster, ProAudio Spectrum 16, Gravis Ultrasound, sxedov
        oles oi upoloipes kartes nxou, oi pio polles (oles;) oi morfes
        povtikiwv (Microsoft, Logitech, PS/2), ktl.

  44..  MMiikkrrooss KKaattaallooggooss MMeettaaffeerrmmeevvwwvv PPrrooggrraammmmaattwwvv && AAlllloouu LLooggiissmmiikkoouu

  Ta pio polla apo ta koiva ergaleia tou Unix exouv metafer0ei sto
  Linux, sumperilambavomevwv kai pollwv GNU programmatwv, kai polloi X
  pelates apo diafores pnges.  Bebaia, to ``exouv metafer0ei'' eivai
  sxetiko, giati polla programmata mporouv va xtistouv xwris kamia
  apolutws allagn, n me tetrimmeves, mikres tropopoinseis, afou to Linux
  akolou0ei to POSIX protupo me arketa kaln akribeia.  Dustuxws, dev
  uparxouv arketes efarmoges gia aplous xrnstes, alla auto allazei
  suvexws.  Epikoivwvnste me tov promn0eutn tns agapnmevns sas Unix
  efarmogns kai rwtnste av tnv exouv metaferei sto Linux.

  Akolou0ei evas mikros katalogos logismikou pou eivai gvwsto pws trexei
  katw apo to Linux:

     BBaassiikkeess UUnniixx EEvvttoolleess::
        ls, tr, sed, awk ki outw ka0ejns (peite to, to Linux pi0avov va
        to exei).

     EErrggaalleeiiaa AAvvaappttuujjnnss PPrrooggrraammmmaattwwvv::
        gcc, gdb, make, bison, flex, perl, rcs, cvs, prof.

     GGllwwsssseess && PPeerriibbaalllloovvttaa::
        C, C++, Objective C, Java, Modula-3, Modula-2, Oberon, Ada95,
        Pascal, Fortran, ML, scheme, Tcl/tk, Perl, Python, Common Lisp,
        kai polles alles.

     GGrraaffiikkaa PPeerriibbaalllloovvttaa::
        X11R5 (XFree86 2.x), X11R6 (XFree86 3.x), MGR.

     EEppeejjeerrggaasstteess KKeeiimmeevvoouu::
        GNU Emacs, XEmacs, MicroEmacs, jove, ez, epoch, elvis (GNU vi),
        vim, vile, joe, pico, jed, kai alloi.

     SShheellllss::
        bash (POSIX sh-sumbato), zsh (periexei katastasn sumbatotntas me
        to ksh), pdksh, tcsh, csh, rc, es, ash (kuriws sh-sumbato shell
        pou to xrnsimopoiei to BSD stn 0esn tou /bin/sh), kai polla
        alla.

     EEppiikkooiivvwwvviieess::
        Taylor (BNU-sumbatn) UUCP, SLIP, CSLIP, PPP, kermit, szrz,
        minicom, pcomm, xcomm, term (trexei pollapla shells,
        avakateu0uvei tov diktuako forto, kai epitrepei apomakrusmevn
        prosbasn sta X, ola apo mia kai movo grammn modem), Seyon
        (dnmofiles programma epikoivwvias gia X-windows),  diafora
        paketa gia fax kai voice-mail (xrnsimopoiwvtas ta ZyXEL kai alla
        modems) uparxouv.  Profavws, apomakrusmevn prosbasn me login
        pavw apo seiriakes grammes upostnrizetai.

     NNeewwss kkaaii mmaaiill::
        C-news, innd, trn, nn, tin, smail, elm, mh, pine, ktl.

     EEppeejjeerrggaassiiaa KKeeiimmeevvoouu::
        TeX, groff, doc, ez, LyX, Lout, Linuxdoc-SGML, kai alla.

     PPaaiixxvviiddiiaa::
        Nethack, diafora Muds kai paixvidia gia X, kai polla alla.   Av
        yaxvete gia kati sugkekrimevo, mporeite pavta va yajete gia ta
        dia0esima paixvidia sto tsx-11 kai sto sunsite.

     OOllookkllnnrrwwmmeevveess LLuusseeiiss::
        AUIS, to Andrew User Interface System.  To programma ez eivai
        meros autou tou paketou efarmogwv.

  Ola auta ta programmata (ki auta dev eivai oute to eva ekatosto apo
  ola osa eivai dia0esima) diavemovtai dwreav.  Emporika paketa exouv
  arxisei kai diati0evtai episns!  Rwtnste tov promn0eutn tou agapnmevou
  sas emporikou paketou av upostnrizei to Linux.

  55..  PPooiiooss XXrrnnssiimmooppooiieeii ttoo LLiinnuuxx;;

  To Linux eivai eleu0era dia0esimo, kai kaveis dev xreiazetai va kavei
  kapoiou eidous registration gia to avtigrafo tous me kapoia kevtrikn
  ejousiodotnmevn omada n atomo, etsi eivai polu duskolo va ma0ei kaveis
  akribws posoi xrnsimopoiouv to Linux.  Uparxouv arketes epixeirnseis
  twra pou epibiwvouv apokleistika poulwvtas kai upostnrizovtas to Linux
  kai eivai sxetika mikros o ari0mos twv xrnstwv pou xrnsimopoiouv autes
  tis epixeirnseis, kai ta newsgroups tou Linux eivai apo ta pio baria
  fortwmeva se oloklnro to Internet, ara o ari0mos twv xrnstwv tou Linux
  eivai tns tajews twv ekatovtadwv xiliadwv, alla eivai mallov aduvato
  va ma0oume pragmatika akribn voumera.  Parol' auta, mia gevvaia yuxn,
  o Harald T. Alvestrand, apofasise va dokimasei, kai zntaei av
  xrnsimopoieite to Linux, va steilete eva mnvuma stnv dieu0uvsn linux-
  counter@uninett.no me eva apo ta parakatw subjects: ``I use Linux at
  home'', ``I use Linux at work'', or ``I use Linux at home and at
  work''.  Metraei, episns, akoma kai tis ynfous tupou ``I don't use
  Linux'', gia kapoio logo.  Stelvei tis metrnseis tou sto
  comp.os.linux.misc.

  66..  PPwwss vvaa PPaarreettee ttoo LLiinnuuxx

  66..11..  AAvvwwvvuummoo FFTTPP

  O Matt Welsh exei avakoivwsei tov kaivourio tou `Installation and
  Getting Started' odngo, ekdosn 2.2.2.  Episns, to Linux Documentation
  Project (to LDP) exei jekivnsei diafora biblia pou briskovtai se
  diaforetiko stadio oloklnrwsns, ta opoia (biblia) uparxouv sto
  SunSite, stov katalogo /pub/Linux/docs/LDP/.  Kratnste epafn mesw tou
  comp.os.linux.announce.  H selida tou Linux Documentation Project
  uparxei sto <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP>.

  Toulaxistov ta parakatw sites kratouv avtigrafa tou Linux.

       Textual name                   Numeric address  Linux directory
       =============================  ===============  ===============
       tsx-11.mit.edu                 18.172.1.2       /pub/linux
       sunsite.unc.edu                152.2.22.81      /pub/Linux
       ftp.funet.fi                   128.214.248.6    /pub/OS/Linux
       net.tamu.edu                   128.194.177.1    /pub/linux
       ftp.mcc.ac.uk                  130.88.203.12    /pub/linux
       src.doc.ic.ac.uk               146.169.2.1      /packages/linux
       fgb1.fgb.mw.tu-muenchen.de     129.187.200.1    /pub/linux
       ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de  131.159.0.110    /pub/comp/os/linux
       ftp.dfv.rwth-aachen.de         137.226.4.111    /pub/linux
       ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de  137.226.225.3    /pub/Linux
       ftp.Germany.EU.net             192.76.144.75    /pub/os/Linux
       ftp.ibp.fr                     132.227.60.2     /pub/linux
       ftp.uu.net                     137.39.1.9       /systems/unix/linux
       wuarchive.wustl.edu            128.252.135.4    mirrors/linux
       ftp.win.tue.nl                 131.155.70.100   /pub/linux
       ftp.stack.urc.tue.nl           131.155.2.71     /pub/linux
       srawgw.sra.co.jp               133.137.4.3      /pub/os/linux
       cair.kaist.ac.kr                                /pub/Linux
       ftp.denet.dk                   129.142.6.74     /pub/OS/linux
       NCTUCCCA.edu.tw                140.111.1.10     /Operating-Systems/Linux
       nic.switch.ch                  130.59.1.40      /mirror/linux
       cnuce_arch.cnr.it              131.114.1.10     /pub/Linux
       ftp.monash.edu.au              130.194.11.8     /pub/linux
       ftp.dstc.edu.au                130.102.181.31   /pub/linux
       ftp.sydutech.usyd.edu.au       129.78.192.2     /pub/linux

  To tsx-11.mit.edu kai to fgb1.fgb.mw.tu-muenchen.de eivai ta episnma
  sites gia tov Linux-GCC (GNU C Compiler gia to Linux).  Merika sites
  kratouv mirror apo alla sites.  Parakaloume va xrnsimopoieite to site
  pou eivai pio kovta (se epipedo diktuou) se esas opote auto eivai
  duvatov.

  Toulaxistov to sunsite.unc.edu kai to ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de
  prosferouv upnresies ftpmail.  Steilte mnvuma stnv dieu0uvsn
  ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu n stnv ftp@informatik.tu-muenchen.de gia
  bon0eia.

  Av viw0ete oti exete xa0ei, dokimaste va koitajete sto
  sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/distributions/, opou diafores diavomes
  prosferovtai dwreav.  Oi diavomes pou protimouvtai polu teleutaia
  eivai oi: Red Hat Linux, Debian, kai Slackware.

  66..22..  CCDDRROOMM

  Oi pio polloi twra egka0istouv to Linux apo CDROM's.  Oi diavomes
  exouv megalwse se arketes ekatovtades MBs apo Linux software, kai to
  ``katebasma'' olwv autwv apo eva 28.8 modem pairvei polu wra.

  Uparxouv basika duo tropoi va parei kaveis to Linux se CDROM: sav
  meros evos archive kapoiou FTP site, n apo tov kataskeuastn tns
  sugkekrimevns diavomns.  Av parete kapoio archive, sxedov pavta 0a
  exete tnv eukairia va dialejete avamesa se arketes diavomes, alla
  suxva dev uparxei upostnrijn.  Av parete tnv diavomn kateu0eiav apo
  tov kataskeuastn, pairvete suvn0ws movo mia diavomn, alla tis pio
  polles fores exete kai upostnrijn kapoiou eidous (tis pio polles fores
  upostnrijn gia tnv diadikasia tns egkatastasns).

  66..33..  AAllllooii TTrrooppooii vvaa PPaarreettee ttoo LLiinnuuxx

  Uparxouv polles BBS's pou exouv arxeia gia Linux.  Mia lista me autes
  stelvetai suxva sto comp.os.linux.announce.  Rwtnste filous kai omades
  xrnstwv (user groups), n paraggeilte kapoia apo tis emporikes
  diavomes.  Mia lista me tis emporikes diavomes uparxei sto ``Linux
  distribution HOWTO'', dia0esimo apo to SunSite stov katalogo
  sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/distribution-HOWTO.  H lista
  autn stelvetai kai sto newsgroup comp.os.linux.announce arketa suxva.

  77..  JJeekkiivvwwvvttaass

  Opws avafer0nke kai stnv arxn, to Linux dev exei kevtrikn diaxeirisn.
  Akribws gi' auto, dev uparxei ``episnmn'' ekdosn pou kapoios 0a
  mporouse va deijei kai va pei ``Auto eivai to Linux.''  Avti0eta,
  uparxouv diafores ``diavomes,'' pou eivai ligo polu oloklnrwmeves
  sulloges apo logismiko stnmevo kai paketarismevo etsi wste va mporei
  va ftiaxtei eva Linux sustnma.

  To prwto pragma pou prepei va kavete eivai va parete kai va diabasete
  tnv lista me tis pio suxves erwtnseis (FAQ) apo eva FTP site, n apo ta
  suvn0ismeva arxeia me ta USENET FAQ (e.g. rtfm.mit.edu).  Auto to
  keimevo exei polles odngies pou sas bon0ouv va jekivnsete, ti arxeia
  xreiazovtai, kai pws va lusete ta pio polla apo ta koiva problnmata
  (kata tnv diarkeia tns egkatastasns n argotera).

  88..  NNoommiikknn KKaattaassttaassnn ttoouu LLiinnuuxx

  Parolo pou to Linux divetai plnres se morfn pngaiou kwdika, eivai
  copyrighted logismiko, ki oxi public domain.  Eivai, omws, eleu0era
  dia0esimo upo tous orous tns GNU General Public License, pou merikes
  fores apokaleitai kai ``copyleft''.  Diabaste tnv GPL gia perissoteres
  plnrofories.  Ta programmata pou trexouv katw apo to Linux exouv tnv
  dikn tou adeia xrnsns, parolo pou polla apo auta diavemovtai ki auta
  me tnv GPL, opws kai to idio to Linux. Ta X xrnsimopoiouv tnv adeia
  tou MIT gia ta X, kai merika apo ta programmata diavemovtai me tous
  orous tou BSD copyright.  Se opoiadnpote periptwsn, pavtws, olo to
  logismiko sto FTP site eivai eleu0era dia0esimo (alliws dev 0a prepe
  av eivai ekei).

  99..  NNeeaa ggiiaa ttoo LLiinnuuxx

  Eva mnviaio periodiko, pou legetai ``Linux Journal'', exei jekivnsei
  pavw apo duo xrovia twra.  Periexei ar0ra, ta opoia apeu0uvovtai se
  ola ta epipeda gvwsns, kai exei skopo va eivai bon0nma gia olous tous
  xrnstes tou Linux.  H suvdromn gia eva etos eivai $22 stns HPA, $27
  stov Kavada kai to Mejiko, kai $32 opoudnpote allou, pavta se
  vomismata twv HPA.  Aitnseis suvdromns mporouv va stalouv mesw
  nlektrovikou taxudromeiou stnv dieu0uvsn subs@ssc.com, n mesw fax sto
  tnlefwvo +1-206-782-7191, n mesw aplou tnlefwvnmatos sto
  +1-206-782-7733, n mesw aplou taxudromeiou stnv dieu0uvsn: Linux
  Journal, PO Box 85867, Seattle, WA 98145-1867 USA.  H etaireia SSC,
  pou ekdidei tnv Linux Journal, dia0etei eva dnmosio PGP kleidi gia va
  kwdikopoinsete to nlektroviko gramma sas gia va prostateusete tov
  ari0mo tns pistwtikns sas kartas; apla kavte ``finger info@ssc.com''
  gia va parete to kleidi.

  Uparxouv polla USENET newsgroups gia suzntnseis pou aforouv to Linux,
  kai polles listes nlektrovikou taxudromeiou.  Deite to `Linux FAQ' n
  to `Hellenic Linux FAQ' gia perissoteres plnrofories gia tis
  nlektrovikes listes.

  To newsgroup comp.os.linux.announce eivai eva moderated newsgroup gia
  avakoivwseis sxetika me to Linux (vea programmata, bug fixes, etc).

  To newsgroup comp.os.linux.answers eivai eva moderated newsgroup sto
  opoio to Linux FAQ, ta HOWTO keimeva, kai alla bon0ntika keimeva
  stelvovtai.

  To newsgroup comp.os.linux.admin eivai eva aplo newsgroup gia
  suzntnseis pou aforouv tnv diaxeirisn evos Linux sustnmatos.

  To newsgroup comp.os.linux.development.system eivai eva aplo newsgroup
  eidika gia suzntnseis pou aforouv tnv avaptujn tou Linux kernel.  Oi
  moves erwtnseis gia efarmoges pou mporouv av givouv edw eivai gia
  efarmoges pou exouv amesn sxesn me to idio to kernel.  Oles oi alles
  erwtnseis eivai, pi0avov, sxetikes me avaptujn Unix efarmogwv kai
  armozouv pio polu se eva newsgroup tns comp.unix.* ierarxias, ektos ki
  av exouv sxesn me avaptujn efarmogwv pou trexouv apokleistika katw apo
  Linux, opote eivai pio swsto va kateu0uvovtai sto
  comp.os.linux.development.apps.

  To newsgroup comp.os.linux.development.apps eivai eva aplo newsgroup
  eidika gia suzntnseis pou aforouv tnv avaptujn efarmogwv katw apo
  Linux.  Dev eivai to katallnlo meros gia va rwtnsete pou 0a parete
  efarmoges gia Linux, oute eva meros gia ekeivous pou 0elouv va douv
  kapoies efarmoges va trexouv katw apo to Linux.

  To newsgroup comp.os.linux.hardware eivai gia erwtnseis pou exouv
  sxesn me tnv xrnsn tou ulikou (hardware) katw apo Linux.

  To newsgroup comp.os.linux.networking eivai gia erwtnseis pou exouv
  sxesn me tnv avaptujn programmatwv pou xrnsimopoiouv tis diktuakes
  upnresies tou Linux, kai oti allo exei sxesn me tnv diktuakn
  upostnrijn tou Linux.

  To newsgroup comp.os.linux.x eivai gia erwtnseis sxetikes me to Linux
  kai ta X Windows.

  To newsgroup comp.os.linux.misc eivai auto pou avtikatestnse to
  comp.os.linux, kai exei ws skopo tnv suzntnsn 0ematwv pou dev
  empiptouv se kapoio allo newsgroup.

  Gevika, mnv stelvete to idio mnvuma se polla newsgroups tou Linux
  (crossposting).  H movn periptwsn pou auto eivai apodekto eivai otav
  stelvete kati se kapoio aplo Linux newsgroup (oxi moderated) kai
  tautoxrova to stelvete kai sto comp.os.linux.announce.  H gevikn idea
  tns diaspasns tou comp.os.linux se polla newsgroups eivai va moiras0ei
  o fortos se polla newsgroups.  Osoi dev akolou0ouv tov parapavw kavova
  0a exouv tnv xara va parouv arketa eugevikotata kai dwreav flames.

  To Linux exei tnv selida tou sto Web stnv dieu0uvsn
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP> .

  1100..  TToo MMeelllloovv

  Afotou to Linux 1.0 avakoivw0nke, n douleia exei proxwrnsei
  pros0etovtas diafora xaraktnristika.  To Linux 1.2 perieixe beltiwseis
  stn taxutnta prospelasns twv diskwv, beltiwseis twv termatikwv,
  beltiwseis tns eikovikns mvnmns (virtual memory), upostnrijn gia
  polles platformes, quotas, kai alla polla.  To Linux 2.0, n trexousa
  sta0ern ekdosn, exei akoma pio polles beltiwseis, eidika sto 0ema tns
  apodosns, arketa kaivouria prwtokolla diktuwv, mia apo tis taxuteres
  ulopoinseis tou TCP/IP pou uparxouv, kai polla, polla alla.  Akomn pio
  kaln apodosn, pio polla diktuaka prwtokolla kai polloi odngoi suskeuwv
  0a eivai dia0esimoi me to Linux 2.2.

  Akomn kai me perissoteres apo 3/4 tou ekatommuriou grammes kwdika sto
  kernel, uparxei akomn polus kwdikas pou apomevei va graftei, kai polla
  bon0ntika keimeva.  Parakaloume givete melos tns nlektrovikns listas
  linux-doc@vger.rutgers.edu av 0elete va prosferete sto grayimo
  bon0ntikwv keimevwv.  Steilte eva nlektroviko gramma stov
  majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu me mia movo grammn, pou 0a periexei tnv
  lejn ``help'' sto kuriws swma tou mnvumatos (oxi to Subject).

  1111..  AAuuttoo ttoo KKeeiimmeevvoo

  Auto to keimevo evnmerwvetai apo tov Gewrgio E. Keramida,
  <keramida@ceid.upatras.gr>.  Eivai amesn metafrasn tou agglikou Linux
  Info Sheet, to opoio diatnrei evnmerwmevo o Michael K. Johnson,
  <johnsonm@redhat.com>.  Parakalw steilte mou nlektrovika grammata me
  opoiadnpote sxolia sas, akomn kai ta pio mikra.  Dev mporw va kavw
  kaln douleia evnmerwvovtas auto to keimevo, xwris tnv dikn sas
  bon0eia. Eva ligo-polu prosfato avtigrafo autou tou keimevou uparxei
  sto <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/translations/Hellenic>.

  1122..  NNoommiikkaa && AAllllaa

  Ta trademarks, pou periexovtai se auto to keimevo, avnkouv se autous
  pou ta exouv katoxurwsei.  Dev parexetai kamia eggusn gia tis
  plnrofories autou tou  keimevou.  Xrnsimopoinste kai diaveimete to me
  dikn sas eu0uvn.  To periexomevo tou keimevou eivai public domain,
  alla sas parakalw va eiste eugevikoi kai va kavete tis katallnles
  avafores otav to xrnsimopoieite.

