
ԭʼļLinux Quota mini-HOWTO
ŵռƼʹ˵
ڣ1996/09/20  1997/10/21
ά[1]asdchen@ms1.hinet.net
    [2]cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw   (1997/10/21)

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 Linux  Quota

: Fri Aug 8 09:45:05 HKT 1997

: ļİȨ Albert M.C. Tam ([3]bertie@scn.org) 
ͬļʹáƣ˷ҵԵɢģе
Լû޸ֱԮõļߵּ
עļΪϣɢģκΣ
׵ĻġȻܹȷļѶ֮ȷԵ
ˣߣߣά߶춴󣬻Ϊʹļ
ѶκλĽûκΡ

ļ Linux  õϵͳ quota  Ϊʹ
ָ quota  Լ quota  ָ÷ִ 2.x  
ʹߣ Red Hat 4.1  2.0.27  ϲԹɰ
ĵʹ߽и¡

㷢д󣬻©κѶ벻Ҫ⽫Ǽĸ
[4]bertie@scn.orgһܸм!

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ʲ Quota?

  Quota ԴָŵĴ: ʹܹ֧
  ڵ(inodes)Լʹ߿ȡõĴŵ

  Quota ĺǿʹڴ󲿷ֵʱбǵĴŵʹ
  ֮£ȡϵͳƵʹôŵռ

  Quota ÿһʹߣÿһϵͳΪģʹ߿ڳ
  һϵĵϵͳϽÿһϵͳϷֱ趨
  quota


Quota Ŀǰ Linux  ϵ

  Quota ֧Ԯ֪Դ 1.3.8x 濪ʼѾϵ֮У
  Ҳ 2.0  ĺϵͳ֧Ԯ quota  ҽ
  ¡

  ĿǰΪֹquota ֻ ext2  ϵͳ


 Linux ʹ Quota 



2.x ĺĿԴȡ

     [5]http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0

Quota 

   Linux  ׼ϵͳϿѾװҲû
  quota 塣quota ԭʼʽԴȡ

     [6]ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/subsystems/quota/all.tar.gz

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 Linux  趨 quota -  һ: 

1.  ĺ

  ĺĲҶѡش y  Լ quota  ֧Ԯ:

     Quota support (CONFIG_QUOTA) [n] y

2.  벢װ quota 

  Quota ԭʼʽԴȡ

     [7]ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/subsystems/quota/all.tar.gz

3.  ޸ϵͳָԼ quota  ʱڴ quota

  и:

        # Check quota and then turn quota on.
        if [ -x /usr/sbin/quotacheck ]
        then
                echo "Checking quotas. This may take some time."
                /usr/sbin/quotacheck -avug
                echo " Done."
        fi

        if [ -x /usr/sbin/quotaon ]
        then
                echo "Turning on quota."
                /usr/sbin/quotaon -avug
        fi

  ĹǣԶҪڹ /etc/fstab ĵϵͳ֮ᣪ
   quota   quota  ҽϵͳָ
   quota  ߣϲϵͳָչ뵵
  ϵͳ֮

4. ޸ /etc/fstab

  û quota  ķָһ㿴:

        /dev/hda1       /       ext2    defaults        1       1
        /dev/hda2       /usr    ext2    defaults        1       1

  Ҫڵϵͳϼ quota  Ļڰ "defaults" ֵĵĸ
  λ "usrquota" 

        /dev/hda1       /       ext2    defaults            1       1
        /dev/hda2       /usr    ext2    defaults,usrquota   1       1

  ҪһϵͳеȺ quota ֧Ԯ "usrquota" Ϊ
  "grpquota"

        /dev/hda1       /       ext2    defaults            1       1
        /dev/hda2       /usr    ext2    defaults,grpquota   1       1

  Ҫͬʱ֧Ԯʹ quota Ⱥ quota Ļ

        /dev/hda1       /       ext2    defaults            1       1
        /dev/hda2       /usr    ext2    defaults,usrquota,grpquota  1   1

5.   "quota.user"  quota  ¼

   quota  ¼quota.user  Ӧ root ӵУ root 
  дȨ޶κ˶ûС

   root ǩ롣Ҫ quota  ָ֮ϲ㣬
   quota.user:

        touch /partition/quota.user
        touch /partition/quota.group
        chmod 600 /partition/quota.user
        chmod 600 /partition/quota.group

6.  

  ϵͳԱıЧ

  ͬʱע㻹Ҫ quota  ָֻҪ 4, 5,
  Լ 6  

   Linux  趨 quota -  ڶ: Ϊʹ߼Ⱥָ Quota

  ʹ edquota ִָеġ(ο man edquota)

  ͨڱ༭ quota ֮ǰʹ quotacheck ϲ -avug 
  ȡµĵϵͳʹ״ֻһϰߣǱҪ裮


Ϊضʹָ quota

  иӣҵϵͳһ bob ʹߣʹ
  "edquota bob" ָ vi  $EDITOR  
  ָı༭ԱΪʹ "bob"  ༭ÿ
  quota  ķָϵ quota :


        Quotas for user bob:
        /dev/hda2: blocks in use: 2594, limits (soft = 5120, hard = 6400)
                inodes in use: 356, limits (soft = 1000, hard = 1500)

  "blocks in use" ʹĳָѾʹõǧλ
  ԪΪλ

  "inodes in use" ʹĳָӵеĵ


ΪضȺָ quota

  ҵϵͳһȺ games"edquota -g games" ٶȽҴ
  vi ԱΪ games Ⱥ༭ quota :

        Quotas for group games:
        /dev/hda4: blocks in use: 5799, limits (soft = 8000, hard = 10000)
                inodes in use: 1454, limits (soft = 3000, hard = 4000)


ΪһȺʹָͬ quota ֵ

  Ϊ˿ٵΪϵͳϵһȺʹߣһ趨 bob ͬ
  quota ֵֶ༭ bob  quota ѶȻִ:

        edquota -p bob `awk -F: '$3 > 499 {print $1}' /etc/passwd`

  Ǽʹ cshʹ UID  500 ʼ

   edquota  ֮⣬Ӧϰר: ƣ
  ӲƣԼڼ䡣

 

  һ˵ָ quota  ʹڷָӵеĴŵ
  ǺϲʹûڼʱĶͬһٽߣ quota
  ʹ߳Խʱ㷢йΥ quota  ľ档

 Ӳ

  Ӳֻ趨лڼʱŻָŵľƣ
  quota ʹ߲ܳԽӲơ

 ڼ

   "edquota -t" ִָУڼǶ quota  ʹʵ
  ֮ǰʱơʹõʱ䵥λ롢֡СʱաڡԼ
  ¡ʹ "edquota -t" ָ:

        Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds
        Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users:
        /dev/hda2: block grace period: 0 days, file grace period: 0 days

   0 days ݱΪúκޡҸѡ  7 days
   1 week 

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 Quota  ָ

Quotacheck

  Quotacheck  ɨ赵ϵͳĴŵ "quota.user" 
  quota ¼µ״̬ҽ鶨ϵͳʱִ  quotacheck
   cronjob  ÿһʱִһΣǣһ? 

Repquota

  Repquota  ϵͳ֮ժҪ quota  Ѷз repquota 
  :

        # repquota -a
                                Block limits               File limits
        User            used    soft    hard  grace    used  soft  hard  grace
        root      --  175419       0       0          14679     0     0
        bin       --   18000       0       0            735     0     0
        uucp      --     729       0       0             23     0     0
        man       --      57       0       0             10     0     0
        user1     --   13046   15360   19200            806  1500  2250
        user2     --    2838    5120    6400            377  1000  1500

Quotaon Լ Quotaoff

  Quotaon  quota  ļ㣻 quotaoff ǽرաʵ
  ߺơϵͳػʱִеġ

References

   1. mailto:asdchen@ms1.hinet.net
   2. mailto:cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw
   3. mailto:bertie@scn.org
   4. mailto:bertie@scn.org
   5. http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0
   6. ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/subsystems/quota/all.tar.gz
   7. ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/subsystems/quota/all.tar.gz
