








			  İ The Linux News HOWTO

		     : Vince Skahan vince@halcyon.com

		    : Hu,Shih-Ming smhu@ish.chna.edu.tw

			    v1.4, 29 November 1995



				   Abstract

     ļȥ趨ά Linux ϵͳµ USENET News ŷ
     ҪԼͬʱԼԼ˵϶
     ·ŵĻҪƪļ
     ûдϵͳṩ·ŷĻ
     ԲĶļġ



1.  

ļĿҪһЩй Linux ϵͳ USENET
NewsϿνʱѯʵ⡹ Լ Linux Slackware
汾ϵض⡣

ļص Mail  UUCP "HOWTO"ļȡԭ comp.os.linux.announce
ϵ UUCP-NEWS-MAIL-FAQ

1.1  й춱ļĸ°汾

ļ°汾ڵ comp.os.linux.announce, comp.answersnews.answers
ϡ ͬʱҲ mirror ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO
anonymous ftp sites ϣ

ͬʱҲ LinuxȫѶWWWhttp://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.htm
lȡá

1.2  

ӭʹõʼʾԱļǸ
ִǷȱʲĻһҪϵ

յĵʼҶῴǲһзӦ
ҪݵҪҲʱǡ
󣬻ÿѪѹֵʵ»Կǡ
ע»ҪЩټһʱһǵõĻ
İĲκĻ mailto:smhu@ish.chna.edu.tw

flames Ļᰲĵ /de/null ȥԲҪҡ

һȽ Linux ĵϵͳڲûνı׼·


İ The Linux News HOWTO						      1





İ The Linux News HOWTO						      2



ڱļڵ·ָ׫дļʱı׼˽ġ
ʹõİ汾֮ṩѯǵ·

춱ļĸʽĻ HOWTO ά - Greg Hankins
(gregh@sunsite.unc.edu)ϵ

1.3  Ȩʾ

News-HOWTO İȨ Vince Skahan ġ
עȻİİȨҵ! 

ԭֵĸơƼɢκʵǵý壬Ҫ֪ͨߡ
ᵽ˭תģͬı

̵ò֪ԭߣ Ĺɢ News-HOWTO
ļԭģ ָԭĵĳ

ͬʱҵԵĴΣ
й춴ɢ߽춱֪ᣨһݸԭߵĻ
עǲ鷳ҵʵĴĻ
뽫ÿ̨һԪĴַ Linux Ľ̻Ϳˣ

ʵϣϣ͸ֹܵƹЩѶ ǣǻϣܹ HOWTO
ļİȨ

Ǹϣ HOWTOS еļΪ ⣬ Linux HOWTO
Ĺ -- Greg Hankins 磬 ĵʼΪ gregh@sunsite.unc.edu

1.4  

ȻҲʹñļκα֤ΡʹеĹ
ӡκβ֮ге

1.5  ѶԴ

1.5.1  USENET

	news.admin.misc 	·ŷߵһ㻰⡣
	news.admin.policy	USENET һЩߡ
	news.admin.technical	ά·ŷ(moderated)
	news.software.b 	һЩ B-news ݵ塣
	news.software.nn	йŶȡʽ "nn"
	news.software.nntp	·ŴЭ
	news.software.readers	һЩȡ·ŵ塣
	news.sysadmin		ϵͳߵۡ
	news.announce.newusers	һЩʹߵĲ(moderated)
	news.newsuers.questions  USENET ֵ

1.5.2  鼮

е鼮ܶ

    "Managing UUCP and USENET"  O'Reilly+Associates 档
     ҵһй USENET ĳʽЭ֮鼮








İ The Linux News HOWTO						      3



    "Unix Communications"  Waite Group 档
     춸Ԫνһкܺõ

    "Practical Unix Security"  O'Reilly+Associates 档  UUCP
     İȫкܺõۡ

    "The Internet Complete Reference"  Osborne һܺõĲο鼮
     ˵ڹ·ϲͬķ񣬰 newsmail ·ϵԴ

    "The Linux Networking Administrators' Guide"  Olaf Kirch  Linux
     DOC O'Reilly  SSC 档 һξͰйUNIX
     ·ĶӦ֪Ķȫ עúรum...
     ͷ֤

1.6  ЩطʺЭ

 Linux 趨ִUSENET  news ûʲĵط 벻Ҫ news
йص comp.os.linux.* Ⱥ ע tw.bbs.comp.linux
ϺȽûֽɰɣҲΪ󲿷ݵ
Ҳֻǡΰװ趨ǡҵ...ɣ

ǡֻ Linux еģ 磺 SLS v1.03 ʹ
bash1.12 Ҫȥִ INN Ļ
ҪЩ(patch)⡣ص·Ⱥѯʡ

ظһ

һ˵û comp.os.linux صȺ news йص¡ Ѿ
news.* Ⱥȥе⡣ עڱأnews ص
tw.bbs.netnews ǸЩϼĴڣҪǰ˼
ǶЦһ㶼Ц뿴 һ News Server
Ĺ߾Ҳʳӵ⣬  feeder ֪ˣ
ҿֻҪһ뵽תŵĻ ˯ҹᾪร --  news
server ҲͱʶΪҲ˵

 Linux ضϵ comp.os.linux.* 
ҴطѰЭˡ USENET news ǲûȥ Linux
صȺ һǺ Linux ҵϵͳģ

ֻ Linux Żе⵽ Linux
Ⱥ˷Լ˵ĵʱ䣬
ʱҪĴ𸲡


2.  Ӳ

 Linux  USENET News ûرҪ
ֻҪԴ弰(thread)ϿԼ·֮κ̬ĴýͿˡ
һտʼСӲ 10 MBĿռ䡣
עģִž֤֡˵Ҳܹ...ְװ
һ tw.bbs.* һ 10 MB ˣ ֻҪ feeder һʼͣܲÿ
expire ΰɣ ϣܹܵĻ  10 * 14 = 140 MB
ܲˣ һЩеûеģҪ 200 MB
Ǹûˮ׼ıƱҲվ趨öϻĻ ֤ INND








İ The Linux News HOWTO						      4



Ͼ͡ҡˣ


3.  ȡ USENET news 

"HOWTO"ڵ嶼м·ϵ anonymous ftp site ȡá

 ftp.uu.net  /networking/news Ѱңһ˵һõĿʼ

newspak-2.4.tar.z ں Linux ϵͳԽ uucpnews  mail
趨(config file)ҵĵ(readme) Щѵġ
sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/Mail/news ҵ
طûа취ҵĻ һ
emailҽȷԵõһ עȽµİ汾µصȡã
ftp://mail.ncku.edu.tw/pub/os/Linux/Unofficial/sunsite-incoming/news
pak-2.5.tar.gz ftp://ftp.ccu.edu.tw/pub1/unix/Linux/system/news/news
pak-2.5.tar.gz


4.  Ŵ

ڣUNIX ϵͳŴ壬һ Cnews Լ INN ɰ Bnews
ʽˣ ԭҲٶ֧Ԯˡ

˵ŴָĻᴦ
ʹµԴݼʹĶȥȡ塣

趨·κϲĵط ֻҪ UUCP ľ·ץ rnew
ɵ(Permission file) Լ趨·Ķ壬 ʹȥҵ
"inews"  "mail" עĿǰ̨ʹ UUCP
ߴԵĴԴ꽨 UUserv ˣ лл cthuang@UUserv.NET.tw
ṩµѶϢ

> <4p3h97$8jj@ish.chna.edu.tw> ᵽ: >: ȥҵ "inews" 
"mail"  עڻ UUCP >ȻѽUUserv
·̨ṩ UUCP ĵطม >Ҳ̨ UUCP ɢء
um...ע    

ע⣺ͬʱװ Cnews  INN һѰգ
ֻѡһԼ NNTP  "reference Release"  Cnews 
ΪǾʹ㡸ٯٯġ

4.1  Cnews Cleanup Release

Ŀǰ·ϱ׼İ汾Ӧ Cnews ˡ
Ѿöˣ1988һοġ Ŀǰİ汾 Cnews Cleanup
Release  CR.G ġ

Cnews Ҫĺôĳȡᷢڸֵ *nix ϵͳִУ
ĿǰȫǧƵϵͳʹ Cnews ġ

ҪȱҪЩ uucp  modem ֮ʹõġ
ڹ·ʱϵͳġͼȡʱ Ҫ NNTP 塣









İ The Linux News HOWTO						      5



ˣһµ USENET ѡʹ Cnews
Ϊ˵ȶ õļüǧоĹ߿Իش⡣

'Cleanup Release'ʾ˰˶ Overview ֧Ԯ ұȹȥĻҪ졣
ؾڿֱʹ Cnews NOV ṩĹܣ
֧Ԯ·Ŷȡʽ nn tin trn

Ҳû˵ȥװ趨壬 ԭڼþǰת
INNˡ κҪṩҴ˷ ͸ʼҡ

 sunsite  newspak  Linux ϵͳ Cnews Cleanup Release 趨
Ҫʹ bash1.12 ĻҪһЩĹ

µ 'quiz' űҲԤֵ ο /usr/include
شһ⣬ ҲصģЩǺȷġ

4.1.1  װ Cnews

װ Cnews Cleanup Release ǷǳĹ ֻҪȡԭʼʽ⿪ǣ
Ȼᰴָʾȥͺˡ

 newspak ڵ quiz.def ǵһִ quiz ʱġ ֻҪ鿴
/usr/include ڵĵͿԵõȷĴ𰸡

Ҫ汾 bash ſʹ Cnews ͨҲԡ  'bash -ver
sion'֪ʹõ bash İ汾 1.14.2 İ汾ǲĸ
дļʱ򣬿 1.14.5 бȽϺЩ

Steve Robbins ȷİ汾֮ 'Cnews Cleanup Release'  GNU shellu
tils-1.9 ʱһֻ Ҽǵ Steve н䲹ŵ sunsite

4.1.2  趨 Cnews

Ҫȥ༭ǿһµµһЩ Ƕ /usr/local/lib/news

     active		- active עǴҪյ·Ⱥ֣
     batchparms 	- ҵĲ
     explist		- 趨´ʱ䡣
     mailname		- mail replies ʱ header ֡
     mailpaths		- Ҫµ moderated ʱ mail ·
     organization	- Ĺ˾ơ
     sys		- ЩҪջǡ͵ġ
     whoami		-  Path: ơ

4.1.3  ά Cnews

ȣҪԭǲҪֶȥŪЩйóʽȥ趨ĵ
رǲҪֶȥ趨 newsfeed  addfeedŪ active 
 addgroup ʵʱ򣬶...ٶԭʼʽڵļ

ÿ¶ cron  ҵ crontab й news Ĳ£











İ The Linux News HOWTO						      6



	  # take the compressed batches that came in from other systems
	  # also, post (locally) articles that originated here
	  20 *	  * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrun

	  # batch 'em up to go out
	  0 *	  * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/batch/sendbatches myfeedsite

	  # expire C-news
	  59 0	  * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/expire/doexpire

	  # monitor stuff and report if needed
	  10 5	     * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/newsdaily
	  00 5	     * * * /usenet/sw/new/bin/newswatch

	  # turn processing of incoming news batches off 6:30AM - 4:00 PM
	  30 6	  * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrunning off
	  00 16        * * * /usenet/sw/news/bin/input/newsrunning on

4.2  InterNetNews (INN)

INN Ծ̨ߣʹûӭ Ҫĺô
ٶԼ nntp İװ
Ҫȱ춱Ƚ¶δ׼ *nix
ϵͳϰװû覴õܹ ⣬ҪиػdaemonһֱִУinnd
ټһ overchan  daemon ȥ(threading)
ıĿǿɹ۵ļ弰Ͽٶȡ

һ̨ 8MB 386-33û Xwindows  INN  UUCP
ʽ͸14.4 kb modem йһ 5 MB šļ¼
ûκε⡣

 Linux ǿٶ൱ȶ
춸տʼŷ߶Բûļ
Ȼʵᣬ൱׵ģ µ
USENET Bnews  Cnews 
ֱ·൱ĳ̶ȥʹ INN עģ
̨һ̨ŷоʮ̨ǰװ INN ģ ļģ
Linux ϰװǺѣ ļ News FAQ part 1-9Լ൱manual
page ֻҪֻǶ㹦ξ λ C.S.Chen ⾪

INN  permission ǺرģŪˡ

INN 춱׼ TCP/IP ҪҲ⣬ Linux ⷽ沢ǺܺϺ
ȥһ Linux  archie site ץض Linux õ INN
ÿܱȽ׵ עһ Linux 1.3.67 ϵİ汾 TCP/IP
Ҫˣ Ŀǰ smart kernel 1.3.70ټ inn1.4unoff4
um...˵ unoff5 ˣ ʹ redhat 3.0.3 ĿԵǹ˾ ftp site 
newspak-unoff3~5.rpm Υһ binary distribution

4.2.1  װ INN

(  Arjan de Vet - devet@info.win.tue.nl )

ΪҪʹ INN 1.4  Linux ܣ ˱Ҫ趨








İ The Linux News HOWTO						      7



µĵطȡ

ftp.win.tue.nl:/pub/linux/ports/inn-1.4-linux.tar.gz

INN Ҫһõ /bin/shʹ bash 1.13 beta ڸ ftp site
ҵ bash 1.12 һЩС⣬ Щ·Ⱥȷƿ
Ҳ⣬Ҳǵˣ

4.2.2  趨 INN

ֻҪ Arjan's ָ Ϳ԰趨ɡ
һЩҪЩʲժҪ

     config.dataȷѽ HAVE_UNIX_DOMAIN 趨 DONT
     עʹµ kernel inn-1.4unoff4 ʱ趨 DO

     innd ̨Ƽ hosts.nntp ֻʹ uucp Ļ
      sitename

    ȷ /etc/inetd.conf  nntp Ѿ"#"Ž comment ˡ
     עñһķʽǬཫ kill 

    аװ Taylor UUCPĻ Ҫ config.data ڵ HAVE_UUSTAT 
     DO ڴ趨Ļ ᵼûа취 news ͡

     INNؼǵҪȥ޸ syslog.confкܴܴİ

INN иر FAQÿ¶ᶨڵ news.software.nntp, news.soft
ware.b,news.answers Ҳ rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/news
ȡá ܸˣ

4.2.3  ά INN

ҷ Linux  INN site 趨һЩ cron ⣬ ʲչ˵ġ
ҪһЩµ crontab

	  # daily maint, also expire the .overview database and articles
	  1 0 * * * /usenet/sw/inn/bin/news.daily expireover delayrm < /dev/null

	  # send 'em out
	  5 * * * * /usenet/sw/inn/lib/send-uucp

Ѿ bash 1.13  "< /dev/null" ͲҪˣ

4.3  һЩ·Ŵ

гһЩ Linux ȷҲܵ·Ŵ壺

    dynafeed

    nntp1.5.11

    slurp1.05









İ The Linux News HOWTO						      8



4.4  ߵĻ

ϰ죬 ǵڰװ INN ʱ
ûпHOWTO ϰ죬ܲܰװ ҿǸ⣡
 Slackware Linux һ汾 3.0  :-(
 Ҫ 3.0ϵİ汾װ
һ⣬ге Һܻѵ Slackware İװ
 3.0 װ˽  email ң

ؾҪ Slackware Linux  ҪȡԼ跨ɣ Ҫ
hopenet Ĺ Ҫ·װ Ҫʽ汾 Slackware
Ҷû

 pkgtool װ N ϵ innd װĲࣻ
ǣֻǲร ǰװĺúõأ
ҪȥһЩ趨

һҪѸλǣ Slackware  inn ǰװ /usr/lib/news ȥ
һ/usr/local/lib/news ม

Ȼ cd /usr/lib/news/tools.linux  кöıأ
ȰиINSTALL.linux ĸӡ˳
ȻͰĲһһȥžͽӽˡ
±ǴǶļ ǿҵĽûǿԭʼġ

---------------------------------------------------------------------
ϵͳ

    ld.so

    libc.so.4	-> libc.so.4.5.19

    smail  sendmail

װ裺

  1.	װĹ߽⿪ʽ飬  Slackware Linux 乫óʽ pkg
      tool

  2.	ȷϵͳиʹ߼Ⱥƽ news ġ

	       /etc/passwd
			    news:*:9:13:news:/usr/lib/news:
				 | |  |____ GID 13 !
				 | |_______ UID 9 !
				 |_________ ԭдˣnews::9:13
	       Ļκ˶ʹ news ݲҲҪ password Ϳ login
	       ˣ趨ңȥ.....    ^_^

	       /etc/group
			    news::13:news
				   |_______GID 13!










İ The Linux News HOWTO						      9



  3.	ΪһЩ script Ÿ usenetԱ趨һ mail  alias
       /etc/aliases£

	       /etc/aliases:
			     news: root
			     usenet: root


      Ȼ newaliases ؽ alias Ͽ⡣

  4.	 /etc/rc.d/rc.local  inn 𶯵 script "rc.news"

	       # start inn
	       /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news

  5.	 /usr/lib/news/tools.  и crontab-news ĵƵ
      /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/newsȥ ҽʵ޸ġ
      иָĳɡ·Ÿơ

  6.	ڵ news LIBDIR  /usr/lib/news
      ΪкܶŶȡʽᵽ /usr/local/lib/news ȥȡص趨
      Ҫһŵ᣺

	       ln -s /usr/lib/news /usr/local/lib/news


      ǰװ Cnews Ļ ǾѾڸ
      /usr/local/lib/newsˣ Ҫ rm õ

  7.	news  spool Ŀ¼ /var/spool/news
      ϵͳѾڲͬĿ¼µ news ʱ Ѿ
      /var/spool/news Ŀ¼ʱ Ƴ/var/spool/news Ŀ¼ Ȼٽ news
      spool Ŀ¼ ˵ԭе /news Ļ

	       ln -s /news /var/spool/news

  8.	޸ /usr/lib/news µ config  µĵп
      manlobbi  ʾǸŷ  knobel ҵ·ͻˡ
      ȥ /usr/lib/news ڵµ


	       expire.ctl hosts.nntp inn.conf moderators newsfeeds
	       nnrp.access nntpsend.ctl passwd.nntp

      һҪ޸ĵ inn.conf, hosts.nntp, newsfeeds, nnrp.access 
      ... um.. Ϳˡ  nntpsend Ļ Ҫȥ
      nntpsend.ctl

  9.	һյhistory database  log













İ The Linux News HOWTO						     10



	       :>/usr/lib/news/history
	       :>/usr/lib/news/history.dir
	       :>/usr/lib/news/history.pag
	       :>/usr/lib/news/errlog
	       :>/usr/lib/news/log
	       chmod 664 /usr/lib/news/{history*,log,errlog}
	       chown news.news /usr/lib/news/{history*,log,errlog}

 10.    root ִ makedirs.sh

 11.   man news-recovery ȥ news-recovery ѽ news
      ϵͳ INN ʱȥظ

 12.   ȷ uucp permission file  uux ȥ rnews  grnews um...
      ٷȥˣ ǹ鲻ͬ Ҫ uucp  ˳һ£
      Ƶ 28.8k Ļ ҿˣ Ҫװʲ news server
      ˣ ǰЩӡһ£ ֻtw.bbs.*Ļ һԵһ
      14.4k Ƶ

 13.   е⣬ ûмǴĻ  News FAQ
      潨ĸķܻһЩ

	        /etc/syslog.conf ڼ

	       *.=info;*.=notice;news.none   /usr/adm/messages
				^^^^^^^^^^
				 ȥ
	       news.crit		     /var/log/news/news.crit
	       news.err 		     /var/log/news/news.err
	       news.notice;news.info	     /var/log/news/news.notice

      news.daily ÿִеʱ Ὣѹ
      Ȼŵ/var/log/news/OLD ȥ ԤֵǴ죬 ֺ
      news.err.gz.1ӣ ֱ .7 ΪֹǰһЩ log 

      ܶ˵ĶǷŵ /usr/adm/messages  /usr/adm/syslog
      ȥȱ messages һֱ  news.daily ȥ
      messages  һ죬ҲûʲṤ߳ʽԿȥ༭
      ֻаɾһ·ѡ
      ֪ӿЩҪѶϢͱ...ˡ

      um...Ȼʹˣģ Ҫ ps ҵ syslogd  pid
      Ȼ kill -HUP pid ร

 14.   ޸ /etc/inetd.conf ݡ һ nntp İɾ
      еǰһ "#" š Ŀ Cnews  inetd
      ȥ port 119  connect  port Ļ inetd ͽ nntp 
       INN ̫һ  innd  daemon ȥ port ģ
       port ʹˣ innd ˡ

      ˣ  ps ax 鿴 inetd  pid  Ȼ kill -HUP pid 
      inetd










İ The Linux News HOWTO						     11



 15.    innd ǵҪ root ร


	       /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news


---------------------------------------------------------------------

 innd ӦѾˣ  ps ָ
ûпĻȥˣ  /var/log/news һ news.err  news.crit
ɣ ѶϢʲᣡ Ȼȥ NEWS FAQ part 3:Reasons why INN isn't
start ǲ FAQᵽ ûᵽĻ ٷ NEWS FAQ
part 5:Other error messages and what they mean ûеĻ ֻ NEWS
FAQ part 1 part 9 һˣ ûʲУûеĻ
ٿһΣûеĻ ٶһΣ˳ġ
ģҲǿЦģ ˣ붯ȥм䣬
֪ϵ⾳൱̶ȵĲġ ⣬
ͬϸ news server ߣ
ǶᲦհģ Ǹط⣬
ҲΣ͵ news server Ҳ˵
Ҳûа취Ļ  post  tw.bbs.netnews Ҫ smart
һ post  news.software.nntp Ҳ  post ֮ǰһ£
˽½⣬ ˽½ɣ ͬǰˣ  tw.bbs.netnews
кüλ news ĹҲڿأ ̫Ǹ⣬ ʱᱻȥ̲˵
Ҳµģ Ϊ news ص server  server ģ
һǺְܳĹ߾Ҷᵢģ
һҲ˵أ

ˣһ㣬 /usr/lib/news/etc/rc.news һ趨 innwatch
ǷҪ𶯵ģ default ֵ false ĳ true   true Ļ
 innd ͬʱ Ҳ innwatch  innwatch ĹܾǼ innd
ǲ innd Ҳǻģ Ī
һϢģ ֪֣ ˵ ɫĻ
ǿʵ̫  innwatch Ļ ķŸ root
оϵͳ load ̫ ӲĿռ䲻ˣ  innd ͣס
ʱͣأ û ʱҪȥ innwatch.ctl
һЩֵ ӲĿռùĻ ٽ
Ҫܹ˵ innd Ļ ǻ컯ء

ǵһ㣬 Ҫ޸趨 Ǽµ feed site  µ newsgroup
ȵȣ  rc.news ֮һ news صģ Ҫ news
ȥsu news)

ڿʼ·֮ǰ ȿ INN FAQ Part 4: The debugging tutorial (setup
of feeds etc.) Ľ飬 Կ趨Ƿȷġ
һҲͨ˵Ļ ִи /usr/lib/news/bin/inncheck -v
ûдѶϢ ҲûеĻ ʱӦþͿ֪ͨfeeder
ʼص·Ⱥˣ


5.  News Readers

ν News Readers Ƿܹ  Linux Ķ newsض塣
һ˵  Linux  newspak ȡõİ汾"tin""rn""trn"








İ The Linux News HOWTO						     12



ϣѡһ news reader ʱ ׼ʹü򵥣
趨(ѡȤĶnews ɸĶ)

趨·κ˵ĵط
ֻҪȫŶȡʽԴ㰲װINNCnewsҵõ
"inews""mail"ʽȥظ档 ( ע: ʹõ Slackware
Linux ڰװʱҲѡװ NϵУ ϵͳͻԶȷװ INN  C-
News  ҪľֻǸ /usr/lib/news/tools.linuxĿ¼е
INSTALL.linux˵ĵһЩ趨ѡ )

½̵ἰ news reader мܻӭҳ塣
Ҫʣкܶȥ"nn"

5.1  Tin

Tin һ൱ʹõġ۴ʽŶȡʽ ֧Ԯɾ NOV
зʽ ʹõ INN   Tin ԤΪȡ NOV.overlay ĵ
д

Ҫ Linux Ļ± Tin  ֻ makefile 趨λ
(  inews ڵλ )  Ȼ "make linux" ɡ  Linux
² news ԣ ҪرĲ롣

۴ʽĶ  "tin -u"  update 

Ϊȷʹ NNTP ЭĶ news  ڱĹУ 趨
"NNTP_ABLE" 趨ʹ local host ȡ» "tin"  
NNTP ʽȡ news ʱ "rtin" ĵ "tin
-r"ɵõ"rtin"ͬĹܡ

Iain  Lea   crontab  мµ   "make daemon"  make
"tind" 

	  # thread the database
	  35 * * * * /usenet/bin/tind -u

 SLIP Э° tin  NNTP-based  newsreader ʹù
ҪϵϵͳȫȺʱ ͱ뻨ܶʱڵȴϵͳ
"active"

5.2  Trn/Mthreads

trn ǰ "rn"  ߼Ĳͬǰ߿ṩ۴ʽĶ
trn3.2 ߸µİ汾ѡʹ "mthreads" ʽ ( trn ڶ )  NOV ʽ
( INN ) ʽĶ

Ҫ뱾壬 ִֻ Configure  ڶֵ
оϵͳҪ lib4.4.1  bash-1.13 (ںܶLinux archive
sitesѾbeat汾) ʹConfigure ɹִС
ͬʱҪbash1.13libs4.4.1ʹµConfigureȷִС

 sunsite  newspak  Linux ¸ trn õĿԹ֮config 

һ˵ȥ޸ trn  config.sh Ǵľٶ








İ The Linux News HOWTO						     13



˵ֻһЩǳ޸·ԷĹ֮Ķ Ļ
Ҳִ"make depend" "make" "make install" ֮ǰִ"Configure -S"

 Linux  bash1.12 ִ "configure" ʧܣ  "Configure -S"
ȴĺܺã  newspak  config.sh Ϊһ㣬
ͺܽӽˡ

ʹ NNTP ȡ trn Ҳֻǵ Configure
ǲҪȥʱ򵥵Ļش"yes"ѣ (  Configure  ) 
δ°Ҳ NNTP ȡ config.sh  -- һ local host ȡߵ
config.sh 

 SLIP Э° trn  NNTP-based  newsreader ʹù
ҪϵϵͳȫȺʱ ͱ뻨ܶʱڵȴϵͳ
"active"

trn ൱ָɹʹã ׵ man page
ȡҪѶϸڡ ʹһзķ趨trn 

    еĲ趨д ~/.trnrc

    ִ export TRNINIT="~/.trnrc"

Ŀǰ newspak жһ .trnrc ΪӣԲտ

trn3.2 µİ汾ѡʹ֧Ԯ  NOV  mthreads ĴĶʽ
ˣҸ˽趨 trn 壬 ʹָ֮ʽĶ ( Configure趨 ) 
Ȼ trn ʱѡһʹã 磺  "trn -Zo"ѡ NOV
ʽ  "trn -Zt" ʹmthreads   alias д
ʹʹø㡣

ΪҪʹ	 mthreads  ʽĶϿ⣬    news crontab


	  # thread the trn database
	  35 * * * * /usenet/bin/mthreads all

5.3  NN

 sunsite ȡһ壬 װ nn6.4.18
ʱʹõ̬ (working configure file) ֻȡô壬  Linux
¼	"make"	б оǴ̬nn6.5b3( nn6.5  beta  )
ʹá

ᣬв裺

   	       - ִ "inst" ԰װȫĶ

   	       - ʼϿ⡣

   	       - ִ nnmaster

йصϸڣnnļ nnmas
ter趨crontabִжǵڱִеػ(daemon)⣬  Linux








İ The Linux News HOWTO						     14



б 趨ִ nn  *nix ϵͳ޲ͬ ԰ nnmaster
ֱӶִУ Ҳ޷ȷı

趨 nn ִ൱򵥵ģֻ crontab м

	  # run nnmaster to collect "nn" stuff
	  # (not needed if you use NOV from INN in nn-6.5beta3)
	  25 * * * * /usenet/sw/nn/lib/nnmaster

	  # expire the nn database
	  # (not needed if you use NOV from INN in nn-6.5beta3)
	  0  4	     * * * /usenet/sw/nn/bin/nnadmin =EYW

	  # stash a copy of the active file for "nngoback" and keep last 7
	  0 3 * * * /usenet/sw/nn/lib/back_act 7

 SLIP Э° nn  NNTP-based  newsreader ʹù
¶ config.h ޸ǱҪģ
ڸõעеõϸڵѶ  nn   NNTP-based  news
reader ʹʱ nn ڼ (local) ִ nnmasterһݴʽĶϿ⣬
ˣڼѡµĶࡣ ( Ȼʹ modem 
silp һЩĵȴʱ޿ɱġ )

° nn (6.5.x) ȻҲ֧Ԯ INN  NOV Ͽʽ ҵʹô˹ʱ
ͿԲִ nnmaster ˣ ҸǿƼʹô˹ܣ
ΪͿԲ˷ cpu ʱȥִ nnmaster ȡôʽĶϿ⣬
 news ڴ˹Ƿͬȡá

5.4  Ŷȡʽ

һЩ Linux ʹãδἰ newsreader

    tass

    xrn

    gnus


6.  л

леĸλǣ ṩ౦Ѷ뾭飬Э
ƪµɡ

Ed Carp, Steve Robbins, Ian Taylor, Greg Naber, Matt Welsh, Iain Lea, Arjan de
Vet

һ˭ҵǸ


7.   USENET ѯʵ











İ The Linux News HOWTO						     15



7.1  ΪʲҲ moderated ·Ⱥ

׼ʱ  newsreader  /bin/mail ʼ  mail
ʽ汾춳¾ɣ  newsreader пܲ´һ
Ļ ֮Ǹµİ汾ʹã ° Slackware е
mailx-5.5.tar.z   Slackwareе pkgtool װ趨֮

һȻϵͳдһ newsgroup Ƕûй(moderator)
ڡϵͳȴ newsgroup Ƶģ Ҳڹ
( Ϊһϵͳ壬 һ) ͱɾˡ յ news.admin
ʹļ֮ᣬ ִ checkgroup ȷϡ

7.2  Ϊһ permission йص⣿

Ϊ :-)

 permission Ƿȷ Ƿ /etc/passwd һ news
ʹߣ Ƿ /etc/group жһ news Ⱥ飬 Ķ岢 Linux
ı׼ʺţ ע⡣

 /usr/local/lib/news/setnewside  uid  root ⣬ 
/usr/local/lib/news Ŀ¼µӵ  (uid) Ⱥ (gid)  news
(  news.news) 

κֵΪ "news"  UID   GID

( ע:  install Slackware ʱ ϵͳԶڶһЩ  GID UID 
һ˵ûɣ ȥ޸Щڶֵ)

7.3  ΪĲڱؿԿü ͵ȴûг֣

ҲΪδ cron 趨ִ newsrun ʽ
ҲΪֶ޸ϵͳ ϵͳҵ Ҳٵ
/usr/spool/news/out.goingĿ¼ʲģ пȡõ "Perfor
mance"  "Cleanup" 汾 cnews  Ҫ cron 趨ִ newsrun
δ  news վ̨ Ѷʾļ

ǧҪֶȥ޸ļ active ϵͳ ȷķʹ
/usr/local/lib/news/bin/maint µĹóʽЩ

7.4  ΪʲҵĿִа汾û nntp 

ΪҪ Linux ϵͳ֧Ԯ plug-n-play  ұ SLS  news ϵͳҪͬʱ
nntp  non-nntp 汾 newsreader 봫ʽ (news transport programs)
ϵͳĹ

7.5   expire ʱΪʲкܶĴռ䣬

Ȼ˵ռ䲻㡹أ"

Ϊϵͳ /etc/mtab  ǵðѸõ mode  644 
ᷢrootȥ umountһfilesystemʱ(umask)
ᵼ root ĵ޷ʹ߶ȡ˴ ( ע:
һ inode 㣬








İ The Linux News HOWTO						     16



Ľ֮ڼܹϵͳʱѡ϶ inode   1024bytes/inode  
/var/spool/news/tw/bbsʱ*sign*)

7.6  Ϊʲÿȴأ

ɰ Linux װ cnews ʱдһ (blow up) 
ǵһϾɰ	SLS  װʱ һҪ  /bin  /usr/bin 
ȷֻһ° news 

Ϊ 1993  "Performance Release" ǰİ汾 cron
Ե newsrunִĳЩ Ǻܶ˳֪ġ

7.7  ҿԽµ news overview( NOV) Ž trn/tin/nn ڣ

ԴֲͬϿ"

ǵģtrn, tin  nn  beta ڶѾ֧Ԯˡ

԰µ news overview(NOV)   "Performance  Release" "Cleanup
Release" cnews  Ŷȡʽ е nn6.5 beta
Ҳ֧Ԯ NOV ʽ  Linux Ҳĺܺã ڿԱִж
nnmaster   uniwa.uwa.edu.au ҵ汾 nn 

7.8  Ϊûпִа汾 NNTP 

Ϊ붨ڼϵͳеѶ
Щ趨޷ִʱɳʽԶ趨ġ Ҫ£
INNҪCnews  NNTP

7.9  趨
NNTP͸·ȥ棬ڱزҪκε»Ͽ⣿

( mdw@sunsite.unc.edu (Matt Welsh) )

   	  1) ȡnntp "reference implementation"  rn Ե
     ftp.uu.net:/networking/news/nntpȡ nntp.1.5.11.tar.Z

   	  2)  nntp :

      common/conf.h.dist  common/conf.h

	       ޸ common/conf.h 趨в: Ϊ趨:

     DOMAIN: (ǽиΪ #undef DOMAIN).

	       REALDOMAIN: 붨壬librariesѰdomain

     SERVER_FILE: 趨Ϊ  news ŷ (  news һ̨
     )  (hostname) ĵƣʹõ· ͵Ϊ
     "/usr/local/lib/news/server"

     PASSFILE: newsŷҪȨ(ĳusername/password)
     棬ѴΪиusername/password
     ĵʹõ·͵Ϊ "/usr/local/lib/news/nntppass" 








İ The Linux News HOWTO						     17



     Ҫ news йصĵ /usr/local/liib/newsĿ¼£
     Ҫ·Ƶĵط(ACTIVE_FILE, NEWSGROUPS_FILE... etc) ȫ
     /usr/local/lib/news  кܶ趨 NNTP server õ (  client)
     Ϊ˰ȫƣ Ұȫıָȷλã
     Ȼʹڶ·ҪȷиöӦĿ¼

     3) һʹ߽ "usenet"  inews Ҫ userִС
     ҲֻҪһ userid Ҫ userid Ŀ¼ (homedirec
     tory) Ķ ڴУľ /etc/passwd
     ĵ¼һ

			      usenet:*:13:1::/:


     ȷ userid Ψһ (  13)  group Զ
     ĶҶ "daemon"(gid 1) 

   	  4) SERVER_FILE˵ҵnewsŷΪ "wonton.tc.cor
     nell.edu"		  	       Ҿͱ
     /usr/local/lib/news/server м:

		     wonton.tc.cornell.edu

   	  5) PASSFILEʽ:

		    <server name> <username> <password>


     پ˵newsŷΪ shoop.vpizza.com
     ڴ˻ҪȨΪ news(password=floof)ſԣ
     ͱ /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass ¼:

		    shoop.vpizza.com news floof

   	  6) inews  "usenet"  id ִеģΪ˰ȫӦ news 
     Ŀ¼ nntppass ȵ߶ usenet 

	       chown usenet /usr/local/lib/news
	       chmod 755 /usr/local/lib/news
	       chown usenet /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass
	       chmod 600 /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass


     ûܶЩ?!ڵе벢δܡ

   	  7) ص nntp1.5.11 Ŀ¼У´ "make client" 
     ȻͿԵõ NNTP  inews NNTP client ϿʹõΨһ塣

     ҽ inews ʱҷֺʽһʹ uname.c еĺʽ uname()
     ᲻ͣԼѡ inews
     񵱻ˣϵͳԵرñ༭һ uname.c  
     uname() ĳ my_uname() ֣֮ Ұ inews.c кеĲҲĳ
     my_uname()  Ҳ Ļһ mail  (Matt) 









İ The Linux News HOWTO						     18



   	  8) ´ "make install_client" װ inews
     ĵϵͳС /usr/local/lib/news/inews
     /usr/local/bin/inews

     ȻӦþͿԿʼ(ֶ):

		    $ inews -h << EOF
		    Newsgroups: misc.test
		    From: me@foo.bar.com
		    Subject: Testing
		    Reply-To: my-real-address@wherever.edu

		    This is a test.
		    EOF


     ɹ inews ϡ֪ Ϊ misc.test test-
     responders ŵ Reply-To λַ
     벻ҪİԵ(American On Line)











































İ The Linux News HOWTO						     19





































































				   CONTENTS



1.  ..................................................................... 1
   1.1 й춱ļĸ°汾 ............................................... 1
   1.2  ............................................................. 1
   1.3 Ȩʾ ............................................................. 2
   1.4  ............................................................. 2
   1.5 ѶԴ ....................................................... 2
   1.6 ЩطʺЭ ............................................... 3

2. Ӳ ................................................................. 3

3. ȡ USENET news   ................................................. 4

4. Ŵ ............................................................. 4
   4.1 Cnews Cleanup Release ................................................ 4
   4.2 InterNetNews (INN) ................................................... 6
   4.3 һЩ·Ŵ ........................................... 7
   4.4 ߵĻ ............................................................. 8

5. News Readers ............................................................ 11
   5.1 Tin ................................................................. 12
   5.2 Trn/Mthreads ........................................................ 12
   5.3 NN .................................................................. 13
   5.4 Ŷȡʽ .................................................. 14

6. л .................................................................... 14

7.  USENET ѯʵ ............................................ 14
   7.1 ΪʲҲ moderated ·Ⱥ ..................... 15
   7.2 Ϊһ permission йص⣿ ................................ 15
   7.3 ΪĲڱؿԿü ͵ȴûг֣ ... 15
   7.4 ΪʲҵĿִа汾û nntp  .................................. 15
   7.5  expire ʱΪʲкܶĴռ䣬 ...................... 15
   7.6 Ϊʲÿȴأ .................... 16
   7.7 ҿԽµ news overview( NOV) Ž trn/tin/nn ڣ ............... 16
   7.8 Ϊûпִа汾 NNTP  ........................................ 16
   7.9 趨
       NNTP͸·ȥ棬ڱزҪκε»........ 16















				       i


