








				 UPS Howto

    Harvey J. Stein, abel@netvision.net.il, Berger Financial Research, Ltd.

			     v2.02, 31 March 1997



				   Abstract

     UzN Linux tγs줣_qt (uninterruptable power sup
     ply, UPS)...  pGB ....  vn: Copyright (c) 1994, 1995,
     1996, 1997 by Harvey J. Stein.  You may use this document as you see
     fit, as long as it remains intact.  In particular, this notice (along
     with the contributions below) must remain untouched.



1.  ²

 HOWTO ]tFps UPS  Linux qWC
QkOHA覡NG̬۳sAϱo Linux iHbq_qH UPS
qӥewaC

䤤٥]AF@ǥiUzإߤWzsunAHθԭzӳsuB@覡C
pz@Ӥw]wniHϥαz UPS nA
h̪zӻq`OݭnC_hܡAzJӦa\ŪC

b۷{פWw_ڦbT~eҼghXFܦheC
Ҧ򥻸ƳiHb SysVinit  powerd man page اC
ަbT~eHiLkb@몺 Linux M󤤧og man page A
ڤ۫Hٷ|Aoͳo˪pC

~AڲĤ@gog Howto AF powerd.c H~èSLniH
Linux/UPS qPC Ӥڭ̫hiHb Sunsite's UPS directory1
U@j UPS nC

MӡA RedHat YNsLs Dr. Linux EyAڤ]}lgog UPS Hotwo C
O?  ....

    ڷQAB~@ʷ[N঳UFѦpN Linux tγsW UPS A
     YϥuOt@eۦPC

    og HOWTO OUدS UPS ƪxîw ---
     bo঳\h|QXJ@nM󤤪 UPS TC

    og HOWTO ]tF@ǦbL󤤧䤣쪺B~ԲӸơC



____________________

1. <URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups>

 UPS Howto								      1





 UPS Howto								      2



    @ǥiHb Sunsite's UPS directory2  o쪺 UPS
     nG󳣤ֱoiC z]\ݭn\饻HFѦpϥΥL̡C

    {boƦGwFۤvͩRFC@g HOWTO
     ]ӽϥͮɨƹN[FCt@Ӥ㪺ƹOWɺıɡC

     (Ķ: o@yܧڬݤ! ! ½on ....)

1.1  ^mH

ڥû|PEǴgUBګĳBHεگS UPS ƪH̡C
䤤]AF:

    Hennus Bergman (hennus@sky.owl.nl)

    Charli (mefistos@impsat1.com.ar)

    Ciro Cattuto (Ciro Cattuto)

    Nick Christenson (npc@minotaur.jpl.nasa.gov)

    Lam Dang (angit@netcom.com)

    Markus Eiden (Markus@eiden.de)

    Dan Fandrich (dan@fch.wimsey.bc.ca)

    Ben Galliart (bgallia@orion.it.luc.edu)

    Danny ter Haar (dth@cistron.nl)

    Christian G. Holtje (docwhat@uiuc.edu)

    Raymond A. Ingles (inglesra@frc.com)

    Peter Kammer (pkammer@ics.uci.edu)

    Marek Michalkiewicz (ind43@sun1000.ci.pwr.wroc.pl)

    Jim Ockers (ockers@umr.edu)


    Evgeny Stambulchik (fnevgeny@plasma-gate.weizmann.ac.il)

    Clive A. Stubbings (cas@vjet.demon.co.uk)

    Miquel van Smoorenburg (miquels@cistron.nl)

    Slavik Terletsky (ts@polynet.lviv.ua)



____________________

2. <URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups>







 UPS Howto								      3



    Tom Webster (webster@kaiwan.com)

Ъ`NU誺 email a}O۹qlH󤤸`UӪA̤]\|LC ӤW誺
email a}i]|LAǬO_U٭nsC

~ApG]ڪӦbW|@즳^m̪ܡAگuܩpC бz
email ڡAڷ|NzWr[WhC

1.2  ЯSO`N

گuLkOҳoǪFFz|ġCs UPS qWO@۷ޥu@C
䤤@ΤG̳i|NBzBۤBΪ̬O޵oĤT@ɤjԡC
~Aڥu Advice 1200 A UPSAH 5kva Best Ferrups gA
ӥBڤ]ݭnۤv@TuCҥHAЪ`N! iaz UPS ҦTC
ХҼ{MAnHK۫Hzb夤ΨLaŪ쪺eC

t@譱AڥɥiaҦϧڪ UPS iHu@kA
䤤ܦhOӦۻsyӪTAҩ]SNFAҥHoǳOi઺C

1.3  L

èS]tҦ UPS @SʻPOCpzݭnoTAAiHݬ The
UPS FAQ3 C ogPɤ]iHb ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-hierar
chy/comp/answers/UPS-faq CO Nick Christenson (npc@mino
taur.jpl.nasa.gov) Һ@Aݰ_Ӧn۱q 1995
~HNSAgFCpGzn email LA LƱziHbH Subject
@J UPS  UPS FAQ ΨLyC

\\hh UPS syӦbުޡC
䤤ǽTbL̪ѤFΪTCziHb The UPS Directory4
o UPS syӪ²CӺ]]tF UPS FAQ5  ogC


2.  Ъ`NwLɪT

ڭo{U@ǸƤwgLɤFC䤤Ӧ the latest sysvinit package6  
init daemon _کүyz٭n²C
ެݰ_ӥثePӵ{ɪۮeAM@ǹ UPS ۷n
䴩S󻡩C

U²zu powerd e init powerfail  powerok
oӰT@ӤwCinit  powerfail Tɰ@өROAӷ powerok
ɫht@өROC oNɦ powerd
bBzCqOTΨLSpɲ޿WʡC


____________________

3. <URL:ftp://navigator.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/doc/faq/UPS.faq>

4. <URL:http://www.upssystems.uk.com/upsdir.html>

5. <URL:http://www.upssystems.uk.com/upsfaqs.html>

6. <URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/daemons/init/sysvinit-2.64.tar.gz>







 UPS Howto								      4



s init (O 2.58 ) N}FC iHbTɿ T
script @ӰCp@ӡA init iHbq_qTɰ powerfail
script AiH@ powerfailnow script ߧY AHΤ@ powerok
script Ӱ󥿦bi檺ʧ@Coˤ_nڭ̦ۦBzoǾn²hFC

޳oؤjQפ]ϥª init qT覡A
ڤw[JFӷs`ӴyzssukCoӳ`O Trust Energy Protector
400/650 (section , page )  APC Smart-UPS 700 (section , page
)C䤤e̯SOԲӡCG̳]tF@ powerd.c ɡA
iHbCqOTɰeT init HiA NO /etc/inittab
ɤXҼg@ˡClA کүiDzNuбzݬ init lXFC

NکҪAbHUҦC UPS nM󤤦\h]ĥΤFssu覡C


3.  oPժ UPS

UPS jܤAڤOs ``o (Smart)''P ``ժ (Dumb)''C
G̤tbڭ̯ UPS oh֪THΧڭ̯ UPS UFh֩ROC

      ժ UPS

	        ǥѧǦC (serial port) Pq۳sC

	        ϥ modem uPq۳qTC

	        iHbqOO_ɵqeTC

	        ]\iHb UPS qOO_CɳqqC

	        qq`iHeT UPS NۤvC

      o UPS

	        ǥѧǦC (serial port) Pq۳sC

	        H@몺ƶǿugǦCPqqC

	        hb@թROyiHq UPS oUU˪TA
		 H]wUعB@ѼƵ UPSAPɤ]ާ@ UPS (ON)

q`o UPS iHbժҦUާ@CoOܦΪA]NکҪA
̱`o UPS (O APC) syӥu@NzSL̪ UPS
qTwñpFSKPNѪH̡C

NکҪAu BEST qһs@ UPS iHܮeab Linux UB@C ~A
BEST q٦㪺󻡩FL̪ UPS oҦ (HγռҦ)C BEST
q]ѤFiHPL̪ UPS q{lXC

ҦCb n (section 4., page 5) `nҥibռҦUP UPS
qCoǳOzuݭnCǳnhźٻiHboҦUާ@ ARC UPS
AڤDL̬OpӰ쪺C
@ӧ㪺{B@|X@ӵAY]tF쪺׶qA NۦUU˪ UPS
έpơAOt{סBūסB_qOBJqB οXq ......








 UPS Howto								      5



Cݰ_ӦG smupsd-0.7-1.i386.rpm { ( n (section 4., page 5)@`)
iHoǡC LnګhTwC

HUeڱNɶqpվztΨϨPռҦU UPS @_u@C
ӹoҦ UPS ӨA򥻷QkO@˪Aݭn˪ powerd
ѻPu@Hαzݭn˪TluOH UPS ӦPC


4.  n

򥻤WAzһݪNO@ӥiHu@ powerd {ɡAq`ziHb /sbin/powerd
U쥦Cq`Oݩ SysVinit tΪ@C NکҪAҦ Linux
tγ]tF@Ӹs SysVinit C bD`ªh]t powerdC

ߤ@DOzTluiणPz powerd ]w۰tXA
bopUzs@TluAΪ̬OӤ@ powerd.c
ɨíק復ϱotXzTluu@CΪ̬OA
ziHϥΥHUҦCnAjn餹\zA]wHtXzTluC

NҴ쪺AFϥ SysVinit  powerd ~z]iH{@ UPS
nӥΡCثe\hniHUzإ߹qP UPS suCbڲĤ@gog
HOWTO ɳ٨SoǳnA ӳo]Oڭngog HOWTO
CƹWAz]iHq@ӳnӥΡA ӧog HOWTO eC

b 1997 ~ 3  15 饪kA Sunsite  UPS ؿ7
UiH@j諸niΡCӦbLG] UPS niHC
HUOڥثeҧ쪺 (F䤤ӥH~ALOb sunsite 쪺):

      Enhanced_APC_BackUPS.tar.gz8
	    " oO@ӥiH APC oҦ UPS Cݰ_Ӱ򥻤WO̾ BUPS
	    Howto (]tFo@g) A]n@ǧCqOĵi䴩C

      Enhanced_APC_UPSD-v1.4.tar.gz9
	     " b .lsm ɤ쥦qeNOW@өҴ쪺nA
	    ƹWONW@ӳn骺 .tar.gz ɥ]˦b tar.gz
	    ɤCg󻡩DAݰ_ӥGPɤ䴩 APC UPS
	    oPռҦAڤTwC

      apcd-0.5.tar.gz10
	     " oOt@ӥiH APC UPS oҦUB@nC
	    ݰ_ӦGiH䴩D/qҦ
	    (]NOAqɥiHѤ@xeTt@xs) C
	    ݰ_ӦGOϥΤF UPS oҦAOg modem
	    TuӱC

____________________

7. <URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups>

8. <URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups/Enhanced_APC_BackUPS.tar.gz>

9. <URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups/Enhanced_APC_UPSD-
   v1.4.tar.gz>

10.<URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups/apcd-0.5.tar.gz>







 UPS Howto								      6



      smupsd directory11
	     " SOt@ӱ APC UPS nCݰ_ӥiHbD`o (tm)
	    ҦUާ@ UPS C|ҨӻA]tF@ Java ϧΤ UPS
	    ʱu{C ӥؿU]tFwsĶn RPM Φn
	    (ftp://cms180.cmsnet.com/pub/smupsd/smupsd-0.7-1.i386.rpm) A
	    @ӭlX RPM 榡
	    (ftp://cms180.cmsnet.com/pub/smupsd/smupsd-0.7-1.src.rpm) A
	    HΤ@ɮ
	    (ftp://cms180.cmsnet.com/pub/smupsd/smupsd-0.7-1.README) C

      genpower-1.0.1.tgz12
	     " @Ӥ@ƪ UPS nC]tFܦh UPS ]w --- 
	    TrippLite ]wAHΤT APC
	    ]wCPɤ]]tFܦnCWҭȡC

      powerd-2.0.tar.gz13
	     " @ SysVinit  powerd {N~C
	    PҴ쪺ۤϡAGSX SysVinit 2.62
	    CuIb󥦥iHbLW檺 powerd A
	    (pzsWBu@ UPS )
	    AӥBiHγ]wɨӶi]w ---- GlXݭקέssĶC

      upsd-1.0.tgz14
	     " t@ powerd N~Cݰ_ӦGP powerd-2.0.tar.gz
	    \hۦSC

      checkups.tar15
	     " oӳnOΨӱ Best UPS COӦ Best qC
	    ]tFh unix iɡA󭫭nOA٥]tFlXA
	    GziHb Linux UեAӥBpLku@Az]iHյۭק復C
	    lXPɥ]tFbռҦU UPS  "˴" OA
	    HΤ@ǧ륩 "i˴" O ---  UPS ^u X
	    qOɧYoXTAӤO X
	    qOΥF~}lC i˴{]|b UPS
	    oXOPҷū׹LBCqOB
	    CyqXBΪ̬OϥΪ̴յĵiC

      bestups-0.9.tar.gz16
	     " ibzŪog峹ɡAb sunsite
	    iHo쪺nwoioܦnFC
	    O@iHۤqTҲաAΥH Best Ferrups

____________________

11.<URL:ftp://cms180.cmsnet.com/pub/smupsd/>

12.<URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups/genpower-1.0.1.tgz>

13.<URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups/powerd-2.0.tar.gz>

14.<URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups/upsd-1.0.tgz>

15.<URL:http://www.bestpower.com/section/software/checkups.tar>

16.<URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups/bestups-0.9.tar.gz>







 UPS Howto								      7



	    UPSCiHboҦU  UPS CiHP powerd-2.0 X@ޱ ---
	    o@Ibz@Ӥj Best Ferrups UPS
	    䴩sbWqOɮ~ΡC

Ъ`NڥuOֳtasLoǳnCڨèSΥ̡AFӧڭ̤~}lϥΪ
bestups-0.9.tar.gz17  H powerd-2.0.tar.gz18	A 䤤 ``~}l''
NOڭ̤~bWӬP|}ϰաC


5.  ۤvʤn

oتQ׬OwռҦ UPS ӼgNCMӡA jL{ժ UPS
Po UPS XGO@˪C̤jPb UPS ʱ{ (򥻤WO powerd) pP
UPS qC

b}leAګĳHUu@y{:

    ŪogC

    UüfdҦݰ_ӯSOAXz UPS nC

    UüfdҦ@ƪnCЪ`NǸ@ƪnƹW󬰱jjB
     nBB_ǸSneϥΡC

    pGz̵MLk UPS u@AάOzV¤MA
     бzJӾ\ŪAøոհ hack u@ ....

5.1  zһݪu@ (`)

    NzqW UPS C

    ίSTluNzqCP UPS sb@_C

    bzqW] powerd (ΨLn) C

    ]wz init {ϥb powerfail  powerok ƥoͮɰABz
     (ҦpOҰ shutdown {Ǥΰb檺 shutdown {)C

5.2  oӬOu@?

      UPS u@
	    qOɡA UPS qһݪqOA
	    åHeXmTάObW}sTHqqqOFC

      Tluu@
	    TluO]p UPS eXmTɡA|ϱoSǦC}
	    (򥻤WO DCD) X{qC



____________________

17.<URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups/bestups-0.9.tar.gz>

18.<URL:http://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/system/ups/powerd-2.0.tar.gz>







 UPS Howto								      8



      Powerd u@
	    powerd {tdʵǦCCO UPS һݦӤɰ /
	    CǦC} / Cq (򥻤WA DTR
	    }ObqB UPS }ObCq) C powerd
	    oı}ܦqA|b /etc/powerfail ɤgJ FAIL
	    oӦrðe SIGPWR T init {C
	    }Aܦ^CqɡA|b /etc/powerfail ɤgJ OK
	    oӦrðe SIGPWR T init C

      Init u@ (Wz~tdҦu@)
	    F SIGPWR TA|ˬd /etc/powerfail ɡC pGYO
	    FAIL oӦr| /etc/inittab ɤ powerfail
	    @檺OCpGYO OK oӦrh inittab ɤ powerokwait
	    @檺OC

5.3  p]wnҦu@

HUڭ̰]z@iHM powerd `u@TluC
pGzTwzTluO_iHu@ (Υpu@)AаѦ
TluϦVRέק power.c (section 6.2, page 13)
@`A঳֨TluBzέs]w powerd.c TC ǦC}w
(section , page )  Ūg RS232 (section , page ) o`]NzUC

pGzݭns@@TluAШ ps@Tlu (section 6.1, page 10)
ԲӻAH UPS Ƹ` (section , page ) @`z UPS p`C
̥i]]tFsyөҴѪTluTC γ\zܤֱN UPS Ƹ`
(section , page )
Ҧp`sL@MA]C@p`|@B~@ʸƯzUC

    ק /etc/inittab ɡCgJHUe:


	  # What to do when power fails (Halt system & drain battery :):
	  pf::powerfail:/etc/powerfailscript +5

	  # If power is back before shutdown, cancel the running shutdown.
	  pg:0123456:powerokwait:/etc/powerokscript




    g /etc/powerfailscript  /etc/powerokscript o script ɤOb
     (ΨLzwɶ) iΰsb shutdown {ǡC
     ̱zҥΪ shutdown {PA i|۷²Hܩzڥݨϥ
     script ɡAΪ̬O@ bash  script ɹOHUo@:


	      kill `ps -aux | grep "shutdown" | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`



     (FקKz˿AW@椤Ĥ@ӳ޸OϦV޸AĤGβĤTӬO޸A
     ӳ̫@ӫhϦV޸C)









 UPS Howto								      9



    ΥHUROiD init sŪ inittab ɤ]w:



	      telinit q




    s rc.local ɦb}ɰ powerd CykpU:


	      powerd <line>




     䤤AбzۦN <line> oӦr modem ҳsǦCWAO
     /dev/cua1C

    NqǦCP UPS Tlu۳sCХnNqq UPS WC


    N@ӥ (pOw)  UPS WC

     powerdC

    ̷ӥHUBJi:

	 ޱ UPS YC

	      ˬdӿOwO_MGۡC

	      ˬd /etc/powerfailscript O_w}lC

	      ˬd shutdown O_bC

	 ^ UPS YC

	      ˬdӿOwO_MGۡC

	      ˬd /etc/powerokscript O_w}lC

	      ˬd /etc/powerfailscript O_wC

	      ˬd shutdown O_wC

	 Aޱ UPS YCۤhޥýTwqb@qɶ
	  iH`C

	 MIBJC bҦBJݰ_ӳ`A
	  NqqñNqq UPS WCа@ script
	  jC@ sync wиƦ^sʧ@APɤ]]t@ script
	  H find OjMwСC䤤Ĥ@ script








 UPS Howto								     10



	  OFTOwAӲĤGӫhOUqOӡC{bAN UPS
	  YޥXAAˬd shutdown O_wbB@Aõݤ@qɶC
	  Twqb UPS qOΧeaC@BJOܦMIA ]pG
	  UPS qObqeΧFA
	  zɮרtαN|lABzNiᥢ@ɮסC
	  zibioդe|QnƥzҦɮסA
	  ñN}lɶ]u@IH}loաC

߱z! z Linux tβ{bwb UPS O@UA
BN|bqOӺɤewaFC

5.4  i@Bﵽ

    ק powerd.c ϥbʵ UPS TuɯoqqOwzC
     qOLzɡAWi{ǡC

    ק{Ǩϥb powerfail pUɡA bҦu@N UPS
     C


6.  w骺`Nƶ

6.1  ps@Tlu

`euOǧڦbWݨ쪺TCڨèS˦۸չLA
ҥHڵLķڪggUӡCpGHgA·бzڼgo@` :)C
Pɤ]бzѦ ACCODATA  GPS1000 (section , page )  GPS1000
ơAAUPS Ƹ` (section , page ) o@`ҦS UPS
Ƥ]OȱoѦҪC

































 UPS Howto								     11



	>From miquels@caution.cistron.nl.mugnet.org Wed Jul 21 14:26:33 1993
	Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
	Subject: Re: UPS interface for Linux?
	From: miquels@caution.cistron.nl.mugnet.org (Miquel van Smoorenburg)
	Date: Sat, 17 Jul 93 18:03:37
	Distribution: world
	Organization: Cistron Electronics.

	In article <1993Jul15.184450.5193@excaliber.uucp>
	joel@rac1.wam.umd.edu (Joel M. Hoffman) writes:
	> ڥnʶR UPS (_qt)Aڪ`N즳Ǩ㦳 LAN A
	> iHbqɦV LAN eTC
	>
	>  Linux So˪O?
	>
	> ±z^C
	>
	>-Joel
	>(joel@wam.umd.edu)
	>

	ڦbקW@ SysVinit  ({bO 2.4)A
	ɧڪq@ UPS AҥHڥ[JF復䴩C
	z]\wb̪񪺤@ <signal.h> YɤݨF #define SIGPWR 30
	o@ :-)C`AڨèSӯSAjhƪ UPS
	OaͩΤ_@ӹq_TbB@C
	ڷQ@²檺覡iHNTusqTC DCD
	}Cb SysVinit M󤤦@ӥs 'powerd'
	`n{iHlܨúʵӰTuATAܮɥ|e@ SIGPWR
	T init {A] init KiHĨA (Ob 5
	t) CpNTuP UPS ۳sb "powerd.c"
	wA٬OϥܦpUH:


			     +------------------------o  DTR
			     |
			   +---+
			   |   | resistor
			   |   | 10 kilo-Ohm
			   |   |
			   +---+				To serial port.
			     |
	       +-----o-------+------------------------o  DCD
	       |	     |
	       o  UPS	     |
	     \	  relais     |
	      \ 	     |
	       |	     |
	       +-----o-------+------------------------o  GND

	eo٥iH?

	Ʊo˷|UC









 UPS Howto								     12



	SysVinit iHb sunsite (Υib tsx-11) UAɦWO
	SysVinit2.4.tar.z C

	Mike.

	--

	Miquel van Smoorenburg, <miquels@cistron.nl.mugnet.org>
	Ibmio.com: cannot open CONFIG.SYS: file handle broke off.


	>From danny@caution.cistron.nl.mugnet.org Wed Jul 21 14:27:04 1993
	Newsgroups: comp.os.linux
	Subject: Re: UPS interface for Linux?
	From: danny@caution.cistron.nl.mugnet.org (Danny ter Haar)
	Date: Mon, 19 Jul 93 11:02:14
	Distribution: world
	Organization: Cistron Electronics.

	In article <9307174330@caution.cistron.nl.mugnet.org>
	miquels@caution.cistron.nl.mugnet.org (Miquel van Smoorenburg) writes:
	> pNTuP UPS ۳sb "powerd.c" wA
	> ٬OϥܦpUH:

	ӹϥܨäQMAЧΥHUϥ!
	>
	>		      +------------------------o  DTR
	>		      |
	>		    +---+
	>		    |	| resistor
	>		    |	| 10 kilo-Ohm
	>		    |	|
	>		    +---+				 To serial port.
	>		      |
	>	+-----o-------+------------------------o  DCD
	>	|
	>	o  UPS
	>     \    relais
	>      \
	>	|
	>	+-----o--------------------------------o  GND
	>

	䤤 DTR }OObqAh UPS ~ɿJqɡA
	Ӷ} (relais) |CӹqKOʵ DCD J}AۥܦCqC
	ƱoͮɥN|Ұ{ ...

	_____
	Danny

	--
	<=====================================================================>
	Danny ter Haar	<dannyth@hacktic.nl> or <danny@cistron.nl.mugnet.org>
	Robins law #103: 'a couple of lightyears can't part good friends'








 UPS Howto								     13



6.2  TluϦVRέק power.c





























































 UPS Howto								     14





































































				   CONTENTS



1. ² ..................................................................... 1
   1.1 ^mH ......................................................... 2
   1.2 ЯSO`N ........................................................... 3
   1.3 L ........................................................... 3

2. Ъ`NwLɪT ....................................................... 3

3. oPժ UPS ....................................................... 4

4. n ..................................................................... 5

5. ۤvʤn ............................................................. 7
   5.1 zһݪu@ (`) .................................................. 7
   5.2 oӬOu@? ................................................ 7
   5.3 p]wnҦu@ ................................................. 8
   5.4 i@Bﵽ ........................................................ 10

6. w骺`Nƶ .......................................................... 10
   6.1 ps@Tlu .................................................... 10
   6.2 TluϦVRέק power.c ...................................... 13
































				       i


