








			       DNS HOWTO Ķ

		   @: Nicolai Langfeldt janl@math.uio.no

			 Ķ: Asd L. Chen & C.W.Huang

		v1.4.2, 1 January 1998 ½Ķ: 8 January 1998



				   Abstract

     p󦨬@Ӻ¾p DNS ޲z̡D



1.  e

r: DNS, bind, named, dialup, ppp, slip, Internet, domain, name, hosts,
resolving

1.1  vŧi

(C)opyright 1995 Nicolai Langfeldt.  Do not modify without amending copyright,
distribute freely but retain copyright message.

S׭qv̽ФŭקAiۥѴGOdvTD

1.2  P»PDU

ڭnVLƦ\Ūo󪺯Zôѳ\hΫĳ Arnt Gulbrandsen
FP¤ND ڤ]nP¨ǱNĳHڪHD

oNû|@ѡAЧADHΦ\gHڡA
oiHϥ@nDҥHЧAץH/άODH
janl@ifi.uio.noD
pGAHHڨçƱo^Ъ{򥻪§ATw^Ha}OTӥBiHB@D
٦AgHګeХ\Ū FAQ (section 9., page 26) @`D

pGAQ½Ķog HOWTO лPpAo˧ڤ~Dڪ峹Qܦػy :-).

1.3  Dm

ԥHom Anne Line Norheim
LangfeldtDMoiû|\ŪoA]oOokġD


2.  ²

oOHγoO

ADNS NOW٨t(Domain Name System)D


DNS HOWTO Ķ							      1





DNS HOWTO Ķ							      2



RWWhHαNoǦWഫ IP ƦrnD o HOWTO
󻡩Fp Linux wqo˪D OoƪpôAW١A
ftp.linux.orgA Hξ IP ƦrAO 199.249.150.4D

DNSAs(AF)ӨAO޲zta褧@D
oN|յXƱM@IDyzp]ߤ@²檺 DNS
W٦AD }lȦsM(caching
only)AAMO@]ߥDn(primary)W٦AD
ܩ]wAiHѦҳo FAQ (section 9., page 26) @`D
λANo\ŪuD ڱN|b ̫@ (section 10., page 27)
^LYӻo̩ҿׯu]tǡD

bAiH}liou@eAӭntmnAHKiHqñJHΥѥ䥦@ñJA
åBϩҦUعsuন\aiAרAӭn 127.0.0.1
i滷ñJåBiJAۤvox({bNո!)D PɧA]ݭn@B@}n
/etc/host.conf, /etc/resolv.conf H /etc/hosts ɮק@}lD
]ڱN|bo̸̪\DpGA٨SҦoǳ]wèϨB@
the networking/NET-2 HOWTO |p]ߥ̡D\ŪD

pGAϥ SLIP Ϊ̬O PPP AonB@DYO٤B@ܾ\Ū PPP
HOWTOD

ڻAɧڪNOAnզbW] DNS	xD
OibAҸ̪䥦D

ڰ]AäOB|êW٬dߪ᭱DpGAOAN|ݭnSO]wA
Ѩ FAQ (section 9., page 26) @`D

b Unix WW٪AȬOǥѤ@٬ named {Ӱ檺D oOݩ bind
M󪺤@AoӮMO Paul Vixie ںn鶰(Internet Software Con
sortium)ҨյoiD j Linux oM󳣥]t namedAӥBq`w˩
/usr/sbin/namedD pGAtΦ named
AjiHϥΥFpGSܨAiHqY Linux ftp
^@GiɡAάOq ftp.isc.org:/isc/bind/src/cur/
ؿ̨o̷s̴Ϊl{XD O bind version 4 DpGAw
version 8 AnۤvQkDyᦳ@`i|AUD

DNS OӥHӺd(net-wide)ƮwDnpߧAi̭ơD
pGAǼoihAAAHΨ䥦HN|qXǼoD OA DNS
@PANqo}nAȡD
ǲߥhϥΥA޲zAld~AN|Ot@ӫOK]޲zӮĲvCn޲z̡D

bo̧_MaԭzXäOuꪺƱ(M̦ܤ֦@bOu)D
oOF²ơDpGA۫HکһoǤjNB@D

nZ: pGAwg֦ڭnAhܪɮסAҦoɮ׳nƥA
oˤ@ӦpGgoǧܤSF|ʪܧAiH^_AªAiHB@ΡD


3.  ȦsMΦW٦A

DNS tmعաAＷϥΪ̫D`ΡD

@xȦsMΦW٦AN|W٬dߧXרåBbU@AݭnӦW٪ɭ԰OoסD








DNS HOWTO Ķ							      3



Aݭn@Ӻ٬ /etc/named.boot ɮסD named Ұʮɷ|ŪoɮסD
ثeӳ¦a]t:

     ;	Boot file for nicolais caching name server
     ;
     directory /var/named
     ;
     ; type	     domain			     source file or host
     cache	     .				     root.cache
     primary	     0.0.127.in-addr.arpa	     pz/127.0.0

D`n:
bo󪺬YǪoɮתoC|bĤ@ӫDťզre]t@ǪŮ tab
D oǤӥX{bɮפDpGAqo HOWTO
ŶKUӡAOoReťաD

`directory' o@iD named
̥hMɮסDҦRWɮ׳NO۹󦹥ؿD ھ Linux
ɮרtμзǥTؿӬOb /var/namedD ] pz O /var/named
UA]NOA/var/named/pzD

٬ /var/named/root.cache oɮ׬ObRWD o /var/named/root.cache
ӥ]t:

      .       518400  NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
     ;
     D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     128.8.10.90
     E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     192.203.230.10
     I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     192.36.148.17
     F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     192.5.5.241
     G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     192.112.36.4
     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     198.41.0.4
     H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     128.63.2.53
     B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     128.9.0.107
     C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     192.33.4.12

OڻLnhťզr!

oɮ״yzFboӥ@ɤWڦW٦ADo|HɶӧܨåB[H@D
pOHɧsаѨ@g (section 6., page 21)D b named
uWϥΤU̦oɮתyzAOoAHڬݨӡA̾AXǤwgF named
H̡D

b named.boot ̪U@O primary o@D
ڱN|by᪺`̸ΪkAثeun⥦]b pz lؿU@Ӻ٬
127.0.0 ɮ:








DNS HOWTO Ķ							      4



     @		     IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
				     1	     ; Serial
				     28800   ; Refresh
				     7200    ; Retry
				     604800  ; Expire
				     86400)  ; Minimum TTL
			     NS      ns.linux.bogus.
     1			     PTR     localhost.

UӡAAݭn@ݰ_ӹo˪ /etc/resolv.conf ɮ:

     search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu
     nameserver 127.0.0.1

`search' o@XAQsDWӷjMD `nameserver'
o@XAiHbӦ}W@xW٦AA
boӨҤlOAۤvoxA]AbW namedD
pGAQCXnXӦW٦A⥦̳b@ `nameserver' ̡AΪŮj}D
(`N: named qŪoɮסAӬOϥ named Wٸѵ|ŪD)

ӻ@Uoɮצ@: pGYӫȤݹխnM foo ܡA
򭺥ժO foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu oӦW١A MᱵUӬO
foo.your-fomain.edu oӦW١A̫hO foo oӦW١D
pGYӫȤݹխnM sunsite.unc.edu ܡA ժO sun
site.unc.edu.subdomain.your-domain.edu oӦW(SAu!
LNOo)A MᱵUӬO sunsite.unc.edu.your-domain.edu
oӦW١A̫h|O sunsite.unc.edu oӦW١D Aiण|QӦh search
Ӧ̥hAjM̷|hɶD

oӽdҰ]Aݩ subdomain.your-domain.edu oӻA
AAi|٬ your-machine.subdomain.your-domain.eduD b search
o̤ӥ]tA TLD (h Top Level DomainAboӨҤlO edu
oӻ)D
pGAg`ݭnsubt~@ӻ̪DAAiHӻ칳o˦a[i search
o:

     search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com

̦Dܩ㪺OAoJuꪺW٨ӨNoǦW١DЪ`NbW٪̫᭱èSy
'.'D

UӡAھڧA libc Pݭnץ /etc/nsswitch.conf Ϊ̬O /etc/host.conf
ɮסD

/etc/nsswitch.conf

oO@ӫܪɮסAXBhoUؤPƫAAqɮשάOƮwoD
ݸg`|]t@ǦΪѡDXH `hosts:'
@}Y@AӬOo:

     hosts:	 files dns

pGɮ׸̨SH `hosts:' @}Y樺Wo@[WhD
O{ӥb /etc/hosts ɮ׸̧MAMھ resolv.conf ߰ DNSD








DNS HOWTO Ķ							      5



/etc/host.conf

i]tƦA䤤Ӧ@H order @}lӥBݰ_ӷ|o:

     order hosts,bind

pGɮ׸̨S `order'	o@檺ܨAӶK@WhD
iDDWٸѪR禡b /etc/hosts ̧MAMdݦW٦A (b
resolv.conf ̧Ab 127.0.0.1 oӦa)D bj Linux
oM󤤳̫oɮתb resolv(8) uWϥΤU( `man 8 resolv'
Yi)D ouWΤUıoiݡAӥBCӤHASOO DNS
޲z̡Aӭn\ŪD
{bNApGAAۤv"ڵyN|h"AANû|h񥦡D

3.1  _l named

oǥNiH_l named FDpGAϥμsuܨХsWD
J `ndc start'  åBU RETURN ASﶵD pG檺ܨյۨϥ
`/usr/sbin/ndc start' ӨND A檺ܽаѦ FAQ (section 9., page 26)
@`D {bAiHէA]wDAb_l named ɭԦpGA[@U (ϥ tail
-f /var/adm/messages O)tΰOTɮ (q`O٬ /var/adm/messages
ɮסA]ib /var/log UAάOs syslog ɮ)
Aӷ|ݨ˪@ǪF:

     Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: starting.  named 4.9.4-REL Sun Jun 30 21:29:03 MET DST 1996   janl@roke.slip.ifi.uio.no:/var/tmp/bind/named
     Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: cache zone "" loaded (serial 0)
     Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: primary zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" loaded (serial 1)

pG~TNOӿ~o͡A named
N|W~ɮ(ڷQO named.boot H root.cache 䤤@:-)D  named
{Ǩæ^YˬdɮסD

{biH nslookup ˬd@UAu@:

     $ nslookup
     Default Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     >

pGoOAұo쪺^򥦤wgB@Dڭ̧ƱOoˡDo䥦^Ц^YˬdC@ơD
C@A named.boot ɮפAoϥ ndc restart oӫOs_l named
{D

{bAiHJdߡDէMYǾaADpat.uio.no ڤAb Oslo
jǸ:

     > pat.uio.no
     Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     Name:    pat.uio.no
     Address:  129.240.2.50









DNS HOWTO Ķ							      6



{b nslookup nDA named M pat.uio.no oxD Mᥦ(named)pôbA
root.cache ɮ׸̩ҫWW٦A䤤@xA
åBq̬dݥӦp~UhDbAoGeioO@IɶA
]jMAb /etc/resolv.conf ̫WҦD

pGAAդ@ܨAN|o:

     > pat.uio.no
     Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     Non-authoritative answer:
     Name:    pat.uio.no
     Address:  129.240.2.50

`No^ڭ̩ұo쪺 `Non-authoritative answer:' o@D oN named
å~hdݡAӥNObȦsϸ̧MåBb̧쵪סD
OȦsTi|LɡDҥHǥ `Non-authorative answer:'
Ӫ|Ao(ܻL)MIʦsbD  nslookup
oOAĤGdݬYxDɡAoO named ȦsӶTåB`B@@ӰTD
AiHϥ `exit' O} nslookup {D

pGAOӼ(ppp, slip) ϥΪ̽о\ŪsuM` (section 8., page
24)A̭@ǵAĳD

{bADp]ߤ@ӯȦs named
tΡDӪMsAAάOAwFӼyaD


4.  @²檺

pإߧAۤv

4.1  Ӥ@I²z

bڭ̯u}lio@`HeڱN|ѧA@ DNS pB@zסD
ӧAӾ\Ū]oAqDpGAQnܤ֧A]oܧ֦aŪ@UD
Aݨөi named.boot ɮ׸̥heɦAoزŪ覡D

DNS O@ӶhtΡD䳻ݼg@ `.' Өo `root' D b .
UXӳh(TLDs)A̪WO ORG, COM, EDU  H NET
oXӡAO٦hD

bM@xWٮɬd߷|Hjkqݶ}lD AQnX prep.ai.mit.edu
}ɧAW٦Atd edu @xW٦AD oӰD|hd
root.cache ɮסA . A|@ edu ACD

     $ nslookup
     Default Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

}ldݬYxڦAD










DNS HOWTO Ķ							      7



     > server c.root-servers.net.
     Default Server:  c.root-servers.net
     Address:  192.33.4.12

]wd߫A NS (W٦AO name server records)D

     > set q=ns

d edu. ơD

     > edu.

 . bo̫D`nAiDӦAڭ̩Ҭdݪ edu Ob . U@ӡA
oyYpjMdD

     edu     nameserver = A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 198.41.0.4
     H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.63.2.53
     B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.9.0.107
     C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.33.4.12
     D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.8.10.90
     E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.203.230.10
     I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.36.148.17
     F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.5.5.241
     G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.112.36.4

oiDڭ *.root-servers.net A edu. AҥHڭ̥iHǦ~d c
AD {bڭ̷QnDO֭tdU@h mit.edu. W:

     > mit.edu.
     Server:  c.root-servers.net
     Address:  192.33.4.12

     Non-authoritative answer:
     mit.edu nameserver = STRAWB.mit.edu
     mit.edu nameserver = W20NS.mit.edu
     mit.edu nameserver = BITSY.mit.edu

     Authoritative answers can be found from:
     STRAWB.mit.edu  internet address = 18.71.0.151
     W20NS.mit.edu   internet address = 18.70.0.160
     BITSY.mit.edu   internet address = 18.72.0.3

steawb, w20ns H bitsy td mit Aܨ䤤@ӨåBd ai.mit.edu:

     > server W20NS.mit.edu.








DNS HOWTO Ķ							      8



DW٤jpgAOڨϥηƹӰŶKҥHoǸƬOùD

     Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
     Address:  18.70.0.160

     > ai.mit.edu.
     Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
     Address:  18.70.0.160

     Non-authoritative answer:
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU

     Authoritative answers can be found from:
     AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
     AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
     AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
     AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
     AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
     WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU     internet address = 128.52.32.13
     WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU     internet address = 128.52.35.13
     ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.32.5
     ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.37.5
     GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.32.4
     GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.36.4
     TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.6
     TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.38.6
     MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU	     internet address = 128.52.32.7
     MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU	     internet address = 128.52.39.7

ҥH weaties.ai.mit.edu O ai.mit.edu @xW٦A:

     > server WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU.
     Default Server:  WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
     Addresses:  128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13

{bڧܬdߪAAڭ̤wgӦW٦AҥH{bڭ̱Nn߰ wheaties
 prep.ai.mit.edu ҪDƱD





















DNS HOWTO Ķ							      9



     > set q=any
     > prep.ai.mit.edu.
     Server:  WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
     Addresses:  128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13

     prep.ai.mit.edu CPU = dec/decstation-5000.25    OS = unix
     prep.ai.mit.edu
	     inet address = 18.159.0.42, protocol = tcp
	      #21 #23 #25 #79
     prep.ai.mit.edu preference = 1, mail exchanger = life.ai.mit.edu
     prep.ai.mit.edu internet address = 18.159.0.42
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = wheaties.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = trix.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = muesli.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = count-chocula.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = life.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mintaka.lcs.mit.edu
     life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.80
     alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.32.5
     wheaties.ai.mit.edu     internet address = 128.52.35.13
     wheaties.ai.mit.edu     internet address = 128.52.32.13
     grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.36.4
     grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.32.4
     mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu  internet address = 128.52.32.11
     mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu  internet address = 128.52.54.11
     mintaka.lcs.mit.edu     internet address = 18.26.0.36

ҥHڭ̱q . }lsXbWٸ̪U@hW٦AD pGAϥΧAۤv
DNS AӤOҦoǭӨ䥦AA A named
M|ȦsҦoǦbAMoӵ׮ɩҧ쪺TA
ӥBb@qɶAdݡD

@Ӥ_ӫܤֳQפΡAOP˭nO in-addr.arpa
D]`@ˬO_D in-addr.arpa
ڭ̥iHb֦D}ɭԱoӥDW١D
bo̦󭫭nƱn`NOb in-addr.arpa oӻ줤 ip
ƦrOHϦVǮѼgD pGAYx}: 192.128.52.43  named
|H prep.ai.mit.edu oӽdҪ覡ӳBz: X arpa. AAX in-
addr.arpa. AAMAX 192.in-addr.arpa. AA X 128.192.in-
addr.arpa. AAۧX 52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. AA
̫AXһݤ 43.52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ODoG? (O)D
Y~oϦVƦr]ް_L@ǧxZD

ڬOFADDNS ëDaڧiDAo˹B@DOowg񪺤FD

4.2  ڭ̦ۤv

{bөwqڭ̦ۤvDڭ̱N|гyX linux.bogus
oӻåBwq䤤D
ڨϥΤ@ӧOXӪW٥HKTwڭ̤|ZèW䥦aD









DNS HOWTO Ķ							     10



ڭ̦NwgH named.boot ̪o@}lFoӳ]w:

     primary	    0.0.127.in-addr.arpa	  pz/127.0.0

Ъ`Nboɮ׸̪WٵèS[W `.' ŸD Ĥ@wq 0.0.127.in-
addr.arpa ɮשRW pz/127.0.0D ڭ̦wgإߤFoɮסAOo˪:

     @		     IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
				     1	     ; Serial
				     28800   ; Refresh
				     7200    ; Retry
				     604800  ; Expire
				     86400)  ; Minimum TTL
			     NS      ns.linux.bogus.
     1			     PTR     localhost.

Ъ`Nboɮ׸̩ҦWٵ `.' ŸAoPW쪺 named.boot
ɮקΦD ǤHwH $ORIGIN OҩlCӰϰɮסAoOnD
@ӰϰɮתI(NOݪ DNS h[cm)Ob named.boot
ɮת졦̫wA boӨҤl̬O 0.0.127.in-addr.arpaD

oӡϰɮס]tTء귽O(resource records, RRs): @ӬO SOA
귽OD@ӬO NS 귽OHΤ@ PTR OD SOA Ov_l(Start Of Author
ity)YgD`@' OӷN䬰ISаOA Ӧ]oɮת졦满O
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ҥHĤ@ڤWO

       0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA.  IN   SOA ...

NS OW٦A귽OAiD DNS Ooӻ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
W٦AA]NO ns.linux.bogus.  ӳ̫᪺ PTR O 1 (O
1.0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA, ]NO 127.0.0.1)W٬O localhostD

SOA
oӰOOҦϰɮתǤAӥBbC@Ӱϰɮ׸̳Ӧoߤ@@ӡA̶}YOD
yzӰϰAqӨ(@x٬ linux.bogus )A֭td䤺e(hostmas
ter@linux.bogus)A oӰϰɮ׬O򪩥(serial:
1)AHΨ䥦AȦsPnW٦AơD ѤUp refresh,
retry, expire H minimum AiHϥγo̩ҥΪƦrӥBӤ|XDD

{bs_lA named(ϥ ndc restart O)èϥ nslookup
ڭ̰F:

     $ nslookup

     Default Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     > 127.0.0.1
     Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     Name:    localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1









DNS HOWTO Ķ							     11



ҥH޲zq 127.0.0.1 o localhost L{AܦnD
{b}lڭ̪DnȡAlinux.bogus oӻA b named.boot  Js@
primary O:

     primary		   linux.bogus			   pz/linux.bogus

`NAb named.boot ɮ׸̻W٪٬OS '.' ŸD

bo linux.bogus ϰɮ׸̧ڭ̱N|J@ǧ:

     ;
     ; Zone file for linux.bogus
     ;
     ; Mandatory minimum for a working domain
     ;
     @	     IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
			     199511301	     ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
			     28800	     ; refresh, seconds
			     7200	     ; retry, seconds
			     3600000	     ; expire, seconds
			     86400 )	     ; minimum, seconds
		     NS      ns.linux.bogus.
		     NS      ns.friend.bogus.
		     MX      10 mail.linux.bogus   ; Primary Mail Exchanger
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

     localhost	     A	     127.0.0.1
     ns 	     A	     127.0.0.2
     mail	     A	     127.0.0.4

 SOA Oƻݭn`ND ns.linux.bogus  O@x㦳 A
OuD b SOA O CNAME
OW٪OXkDWr@wnO nsAiHOXkDW١D
AӡAhostmaster.linux.bogus ӳQ hostmas
ter@linux.bogusAoӬO@Ӷl}ΧOWA O@o DNS
Hg`ŪH}D󦹻쪺H|QeoӦ}D Wr@wnO
hostmasterAiHOXkqll}AMӳoӦ} `hostmaster'
ӯu@`D

boɮ׸̦@طs귽OAAY MX AAάOl洫̸귽O(Mail
eXchanger RR)D oظ귽OAiDltΦa} someone@linux.bogus
lnHe̡A yܻ]NOӱHe mail.linux.bogus άO
mail.friend.bogusD bCӾW٫eƦrO MX 귽OuvAƦrC
(10) 귽OOlDnӱHD
pGѥiH⥦HƦrA@xnlBz̡A]NObǫ㦳uv
20  mail.friend.bogusD

 ndc restart s_l namedDH nslookup 絲G:














DNS HOWTO Ķ							     12



     $ nslookup
     > set q=any
     > linux.bogus
     Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     linux.bogus
	     origin = linux.bogus
	     mail addr = hostmaster.linux.bogus
	     serial = 199511301
	     refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
	     retry   = 7200 (2 hours)
	     expire  = 604800 (7 days)
	     minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
     linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus
     linux.bogus     preference = 20, mail exchanger = mail.friend.bogus
     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
     ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 127.0.0.2
     mail.linux.bogus	     internet address = 127.0.0.4

pߦaAN|o{@ӿ~Do@

       linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus


FDӬO

       linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus

ڬGNǤFӿ~ҥHAiHǦǲ:-) JӬݬݸӰϰɮקڭ̷|o{o@

     @	       MX   10 mail.linux.bogus ; Primary Mail Exchanger


|F@ӥyIDάOhF `linux.bogus'D
bϰɮ׸̦pG@ӾW٤OHyI|b䵲[JIDҥH׬O

     @	       MX   10 mail.linux.bogus.     ; Primary Mail Exchanger

άO

     @	       MX   10 mail		; Primary Mail Exchanger

OTDڤw᭱oاΦAݭnr֡D
b@Ӱϰɮ׸̻WӭnNOgXӨåH `.'
Ϊ̴NO@In]tihA
ӦboرpUw]ID䥦H]\wĥΥt@ؤ覡D

ڥjժOb named.boot ɮ׸̻W٫᭱Ӧ `.'  sbD
ADh֦]hFΤ֤F@ `.'	ӷd{FåB\hHyxZD









DNS HOWTO Ķ							     13



ҥHb[JڱjժIo@sϰɮסA䤤٥]t@B~T:

     ;
     ; Zone file for linux.bogus
     ;
     ; Mandatory minimum for a working domain
     ;
     @	     IN      SOA     linux.bogus.    hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
			     199511301	     ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
			     28800	     ; refresh, seconds
			     7200	     ; retry, seconds
			     604800	     ; expire, seconds
			     86400 )	     ; minimum, seconds

		     NS      ns 	     ; Inet Address of name server
		     NS      ns.friend.bogus.
		     MX      10 mail	     ; Primary Mail Exchanger
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

     localhost	     A	     127.0.0.1
     ns 	     A	     127.0.0.2
     mail	     A	     127.0.0.4
     ;
     ; Extras
     ;
     @		     TXT     "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"

     ns 	     MX      10 mail
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
		     HINFO   "Pentium" "Linux 1.2"
		     TXT     "RMS"
     richard	     CNAME   ns
     www	     CNAME   ns

     donald	     A	     127.0.0.3
		     MX      10 mail
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
		     HINFO   "i486"  "Linux 1.2"
		     TXT     "DEK"

     mail	     MX      10 mail
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
		     HINFO   "386sx" "Linux 1.0.9"

     ftp	     A	     127.0.0.5
		     MX      10 mail
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
		     HINFO   "P6" "Linux 1.3.59"

A]\|QnʫeT A
OHK̾a䥦OAӤOo˩b̫eݡD

o̦Xӷs귽O: DT(HINFO: Host INFOrmation) ]AӳA
ϥΤ޸[ACӳOӦnߺDDĤ@ӳOWwάOBz椸A








DNS HOWTO Ķ							     14



ӲĤGӳOWnάO@~tΡDns @ Pentium CPU åB Linux
1.2 tΡD TXT OOHNrOAAiHΥӰOƱD
W(CNAME: Canonical NAME)iHΨӵCxƭӦW١D ҥH richard H
www O ns @ӧOWD ܭn@IO A, MX, CNAME, H SOA OûӰѷ
CNAME O]wOWA ̥uӰѷ A
Oҳ]wW١AҥHo˪OO

     foobar    CNAME	 richard	     ; NO!

LoˬO諸

     foobar    CNAME	 ns		; Yes!

٦@I]ܭnO`NW٩ҳ]wqll}ӨOXkDW:
webmaster@www.linux.bogus HW]wӨO@ӤXkqll}D
YϥbAtΤWiHB@AiHwƪOܤ֦qll޲z̷|hoWhD
קKoӰDkOϥ A O(Ϊ̤]iO@Ǩ䥦AO MX O)ӨN:

     www  A    127.0.0.2

Paul Vixie, Dn named MaAĳnϥ CNAME oӳ]wD
ҥHӦҼ{nܻ{uahϥΥD

ǥѰ ndc reload JsƮwAo| named A@ŪɮסD

     $ nslookup
     Default Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     > ls -d linux.bogus

oNӦCXҦO






























DNS HOWTO Ķ							     15



     [localhost]
      linux.bogus.		     SOA   ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (199511301 28800 7200 604800 86400)
      linux.bogus.		     NS    ns.linux.bogus
      linux.bogus.		     NS    ns.friend.bogus
      linux.bogus.		     MX    10	mail.linux.bogus
      linux.bogus.		     MX    20	mail.friend.bogus
      linux.bogus.		     TXT   "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
      localhost 		     A	   127.0.0.1
      mail			     A	   127.0.0.4
      mail			     MX    10	mail.linux.bogus
      mail			     MX    20	mail.friend.bogus
      mail			     HINFO 386sx       Linux 1.0.9
      donald			     A	   127.0.0.3
      donald			     MX    10	mail.linux.bogus
      donald			     MX    20	mail.friend.bogus
      donald			     HINFO i486        Linux 1.2
      donald			     TXT   "DEK"
      www			     CNAME ns.linux.bogus
      richard			     CNAME ns.linux.bogus
      ftp			     A	   127.0.0.5
      ftp			     MX    10	mail.linux.bogus
      ftp			     MX    20	mail.friend.bogus
      ftp			     HINFO P6	       Linux 1.3.59
      ns			     A	   127.0.0.2
      ns			     MX    10	mail.linux.bogus
      ns			     MX    20	mail.friend.bogus
      ns			     HINFO Pentium     Linux 1.2
      ns			     TXT   "RMS"
      linux.bogus.		     SOA   ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (199511301 28800 7200 604800 86400)

ܦnDڭˬdW www |:

     > set q=any
     > www.linux.bogus.
     Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     www.linux.bogus canonical name = ns.linux.bogus

...yܻAwww.linux.bogus uW٬O ns.linux.bogusD

     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
     ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 127.0.0.2

 ns.linux.bogus ֦ 127.0.0.2 oӦ}Dݰ_Ӥ]ܦnD

4.3  ~`J

MAoӻO׵A̭Ҧ}]OAӳoγ\|AǲVcD
u쪺@ӯuҤlШU@`D











DNS HOWTO Ķ							     16



5.  u쪺Ҥl

o̧ڭ̦CX@ǯuϰɮ

ϥΪ̫ĳڥ[W@ӥiHB@uҤlA]ڹuiB@εdҤtOMD

oӨҤlƥn: dUn⥦AW٦AW!
⥦@ѦҸƨӾ\ŪNnDpGAQAΤWҤlD ڸgL LAND-5 
David Bullock PN~ϥγoӨҤlDoɮתO 1996 ~EGQA
]pGA{bd LAND-5 W٦Ai|o{ҤPD
٦AаOARheť :-)

5.1  /etc/named.boot ( /var/named/named.boot)

ڭ̵o{ݭn primary ϦVϰ: @ӬO 127.0.0At@ӬO LAND-5 l
206.6.177D ٦@浹 land-5.com
VϰD٦@In`NOڦbog峹̱Nɮשb pz ؿ̡A
LN̩s zone ؿD

     ;	Boot file for LAND-5 name server
     ;
     directory /var/named
     ;
     ; type	     domain			     source file or host
     cache	     .				     root.cache
     primary	     0.0.127.in-addr.arpa	     zone/127.0.0
     primary	     177.6.206.in-addr.arpa	     zone/206.6.177
     primary	     land-5.com 		     zone/land-5.com

5.2  /var/named/root.cache

Ooɮ׬OʺAAoCXӪOªDA̦nۤv dig ͤ@ӷsD






























DNS HOWTO Ķ							     17



     ; <<>> DiG 2.1 <<>>
     ;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
     ;; got answer:
     ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6
     ;; flags: qr rd ra; Ques: 1, Ans: 9, Auth: 0, Addit: 9
     ;; QUESTIONS:
     ;;      ., type = NS, class = IN

     ;; ANSWERS:
      .       518357  NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

     ;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
     H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     128.63.2.53
     B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     128.9.0.107
     C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     222766  A	     192.33.4.12
     D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     128.8.10.90
     E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     192.203.230.10
     I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     192.36.148.17
     F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     299616  A	     192.5.5.241
     G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     192.112.36.4
     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     198.41.0.4

     ;; Total query time: 250 msec
     ;; FROM: land-5 to SERVER: default ---- 127.0.0.1
     ;; WHEN: Fri Sep 20 10:11:22 1996
     ;; MSG SIZE  sent: 17  rcvd: 312

5.3  /var/named/zone/127.0.0

LO򥻪Aٲ SOA OAHαN 127.0.0.1 V localhost OD
̳OD䥦FbɮפDoɮץiûsADAW٦Aκ޲zHa}ܡD

     @		     IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
				     199609203	     ; Serial
				     28800   ; Refresh
				     7200    ; Retry
				     604800  ; Expire
				     86400)  ; Minimum TTL
			     NS      land-5.com.

     1			     PTR     localhost.

5.4  /var/named/zone/land-5.com

bo̧ڭ̬ݨoӥ SOA OAn NS OD
ڭ̥iHݨ쥦@ӦnW٦A ns2.psi.netD








DNS HOWTO Ķ							     18



o]ӬOnA`OO@ӦnAƥD ڭ٬ݨ찵 LAND-5
tdҦPAȪDAH\h CNAME OoI (t@ӰkO A O)D

NAq SOA Oݨ쪺@ˡAϰɮץH land-5.com }lA޲zHO
root@land-5.comD Ǹ(serial)H yyyymmdd 榡[WѪX; iO 1996
~EGQѪĤӪϰɮסD
аOǸզaWAo̥uΤ@ƦrܷѪXA
]bsELѤ~AsoɮסD[Ķ]
]ӦҼ{ΨƦrD


	   [Ķ]
		 Ū̥i|_Ǭ򤣯 1996092010 ? oӼƦr]OWAҥHMiHD
		 FѲĤ@sɮ׮ɸӥΤO? pG 199609211AoӼƦrN 1996092010 npFD
		 o˷|·СD]@̫ĳΨƦrAp 1996092006D















































DNS HOWTO Ķ							     19



     @	     IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
			     199609206	     ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
			     10800	     ; refresh, seconds
			     7200	     ; retry, seconds
			     10800	     ; expire, seconds
			     86400 )	     ; minimum, seconds
		     NS      land-5.com.
		     NS      ns2.psi.net.
		     MX      10 land-5.com.  ; Primary Mail Exchanger

     localhost A    127.0.0.1

     router	     A	     206.6.177.1

     land-5.com.     A	     206.6.177.2
     ns 	     CNAME   land-5.com.
     ftp	     CNAME   land-5.com.
     www	     CNAME   land-5.com.
     mail	     CNAME   land-5.com.
     news	     CNAME   land-5.com.

     funn	     A	     206.6.177.3
     illusions	     CNAME   funn.land-5.com.
     @		     TXT     "LAND-5 Corporation"

     ;
     ;	     Workstations
     ;
     ws_177200	     A	     206.6.177.200
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177201	     A	     206.6.177.201
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177202	     A	     206.6.177.202
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177203	     A	     206.6.177.203
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177204	     A	     206.6.177.204
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177205	     A	     206.6.177.205
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
     ws_177250	     A	     206.6.177.250
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177251	     A	     206.6.177.251
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177252	     A	     206.6.177.252
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177253	     A	     206.6.177.253
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177254	     A	     206.6.177.254
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host

t@ȱo`NƩҦu@SӧOW١AӬOΤ@}Y[W̫쪺 IP
ƦrD








DNS HOWTO Ķ							     20



γo˪DҥiHjqa²ƺ@u@Ai঳IKAӥBAƹWiOAȤᤣӷD

5.5  /var/named/zone/206.6.177

ڱNb᭱oɮסD

     @		     IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
				     199609206	     ; Serial
				     28800   ; Refresh
				     7200    ; Retry
				     604800  ; Expire
				     86400)  ; Minimum TTL
			     NS      land-5.com.
			     NS      ns2.psi.net.
     ;
     ;	     Servers
     ;
     1	     PTR     router.land-5.com.
     2	     PTR     land-5.com.
     3	     PTR     funn.land-5.com.
     ;
     ;	     Workstations
     ;
     200     PTR     ws_177200.land-5.com.
     201     PTR     ws_177201.land-5.com.
     202     PTR     ws_177202.land-5.com.
     203     PTR     ws_177203.land-5.com.
     204     PTR     ws_177204.land-5.com.
     205     PTR     ws_177205.land-5.com.
     ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
     250     PTR     ws_177250.land-5.com.
     251     PTR     ws_177251.land-5.com.
     252     PTR     ws_177252.land-5.com.
     253     PTR     ws_177253.land-5.com.
     254     PTR     ws_177254.land-5.com.

ϦVϰGOӳ]wHYhDObA IP
Ʀrɬd߾W٥ΪD Ҧp: A@ irc A irc ȤݪsuD
AOªA]AuƱ汵Ӧۮ¤Ψ䥦aȰasuD
AӦ۫Ȥݪsu C {wiDAsu IP }A]Ȥݪ
IP ƦrO]tbǤJʥ]D MAiHIs@禡 gethostbyaddr Hw
IP d߾W١D gethostbyaddr 禡|V DNS ߰ݡADNS
N|Xhd߳oxW١D ]ȤݨӦ ws_177200.land-5.comAC {wѵ
irc A IP O 206.6.177.200D XW٧ڭ̭nd 200.177.6.206.in-
addr.arpaDDNS Atd arpa. AD M in-addr.arpa.
AAAӬOϹLӪ 206AMO 6A ̫b LAND-5 td 177.6.206.in-
addr.arpa ϰ쪺AD Ѧڭ̱o 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa ׬O 'PTR
ws_177200.land-5.com' OA N֦ IP 206.6.177.200 W٬O
ws_177200.land-5.comD LNb prep.ai.mit.edu
pd߮ɩһAoL{yLID

^ irc AҤlDirc AuAӦ۴aȰasuA]NOA
*.no, *.se, *.dkDws_177200.land-5.com oӦWrMäŦXoǡD
]A|ڵsuDpGSg in-addr.arpa ϰ 206.2.177.200








DNS HOWTO Ķ							     21



ϦVA ANLkdW٦ӱN| 206.2.177.200 өM *.no, *.se 
*.dk AM䤣ŦXD

ǤH|iDAϦVdߥuAnAάO@I]nD MO: \h
ftp, news, irc Ʀ http ANLkdW٪suD
]ƹWϦVWٹOD


6.  @u@

B@D

̪~椧~A named A٦Ӻ@ȱonD NO
root.cache ɮתsD²檺kOϥ dig {A [Ѽư dig
{AAN|oqAۤvAo쪺 root.cacheD MH dig @rootserver . ns
dݩҦCXڦA䤤@D AN|`NoXݰ_ӫD`a@
root.cache ɮסAF@B~ƦrH~DoǼƦr|êD
⥦sɮ׸(dig @e.root-servers.net . ns
>root.cache.new)åBΥӨN쥻ª root.cache ɮסD

NFɮפnOosҰ named {D

Al Longyear HڳoӫOZAiH۰ʰӧs named.cacheAw˭
crontab صMѤFD oӫOZ]AqlliHB@ӥB `hostmaster'
oӶlOWwqDAӭ׭qHKŦXA]wD





































DNS HOWTO Ķ							     22



     #!/bin/sh
     #
     # Update the nameserver cache information file once per month.
     # This is run automatically by a cron entry.
     #
     (
      echo "To: hostmaster <hostmaster>"
      echo "From: system <root>"
      echo "Subject: Automatic update of the named.boot file"
      echo

      export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:
      cd /var/named

      dig @rs.internic.net . ns >root.cache.new

      echo "The named.boot file has been updated to contain the following information:"
      echo
      cat root.cache.new

      chown root.root root.cache.new
      chmod 444 root.cache.new
      rm -f root.cache.old
      mv root.cache root.cache.old
      mv root.cache.new root.cache
      ndc restart
      echo
      echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete."
      echo "The previous root.cache file is now called /var/named/root.cache.old."
     ) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t
     exit 0

ǤHi ftp q Internic o root.cache ɮסD Фn ftp ӧs
root.cacheAW쪺k󬰫KQD


7.  Bind version 8

Bind version 8 O̷s bind ޳ND٨SըϥΡA David E. Smith
<dave@bureau42.ml.org> DLgFop`lD

SӦhPDFϥ named.conf ӤO named.boot, lۦPD ӥB bind 8
]tF@ perl OZӱN®榡ɮഫsD Ҧp@ȦsMΦW٦A
named.boot (®榡):

     directory /var/named
     cache   .					     root.hint
     primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA		     127.0.0.zone
     primary localhost				     localhost.zone

bOCUA bind8/src/bin/named ؿJ:

     named-bootconf.pl < named.boot > named.conf









DNS HOWTO Ķ							     23



o| named.conf:

     // generated by named-bootconf.pl

     options {
	     directory "/var/named";
     };

     zone "." {
	     type hint;
	     file "root.hint";
     };

     zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
	     type master;
	     file "127.0.0.zone";
     };

     zone "localhost" {
	     type master;
	     file "localhost.zone";
     };

N named.boot C˪F賣ഫLӡAMӥå[JҦ bind 8
Ҥ\sjƤΰtmﶵD o̦㪺 named.conf
P˪ơAOĲvn@ID




































DNS HOWTO Ķ							     24



     // This is a configuration file for named (from BIND 8.1 or later).
     // It would normally be installed as /etc/named.conf.
     // The only change made from the `stock' named.conf (aside from this
     // comment :) is that the directory line was uncommented, since I
     // already had the zone files in /var/named.

     options {
	     directory "/var/named";
	     check-names master warn;		     /* default. */
	     datasize 20M;
     };

     zone "localhost" IN {
	     type master;
	     file "localhost.zone";
	     check-names fail;
	     allow-update { none; };
	     allow-transfer { any; };
     };

     zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
	     type master;
	     file "127.0.0.zone";
	     check-names fail;
	     allow-update { none; };
	     allow-transfer { any; };
     };

     zone "." IN {
	     type hint;
	     file "root.hint";
     };

bind8/src/bin/named/test
̦oӽdҡAHλɮתA\hHiHӭקϥΡD

ɮפ root.hint (root.cache) ۦPAs̪O]OD


8.  su۰ʳ]w

o@`ڦp]wHKCӹL{۰ʤơD
ڪki@IAXAAOAiqکҧ@@ǨƱ̱o@IlD
PɡAڨϥ PPP AMӦ\hHϥ slip άO cslip su覡A
ҥHA]w̴XGCӦa賣iڪPD O slip ϥΪ dip
{ӯکҧ@\hƱD

@ӻAڨSsWɧڪ resolv.conf ɮ׳¦a]to@

     domain uio.no

oTOڤݥDWٸѪR禡whpôYxiUڪW٦AD
OڳsWuɭԧڷQn_lڪ named åB֦@Ӭݰ_ӹeҴyz
resolv.conf ɮסD ǥѫO resolv.conf ˪OɮסAresolv.conf.local








DNS HOWTO Ķ							     25



H resolv.conf.connected ӸѨMDD ᭱o@Ӭݰ_ӹeҴyzL
resolv.conf ɮסD

n۰ʤƳsuL{ڰ@Ӻ٬ `ppp-on' OZ:

     #!/bin/sh
     echo calling...
     pppd

pppd Ӻ٬ options ɮסAiD pppd posu@ǯSƶD @ڪ
ppp su pppd _l@Ӻ٬ ip-up O(ob pppd
uWϥΤU̦yz)D o̬OӫOZ̭@:

     #!/bin/sh
     interface="$1"
     device="$2"
     speed="$3"
     myip="$4"
     upip="$5"
      ...
     cp -v /etc/resolv.conf.connected /etc/resolv.conf
      ...
     /usr/sbin/named

yܻAڦbo̰_lڪ named {D ppp u pppd @Ӻ٬ ip-down
OZ:

     #!/bin/sh
     cp /etc/resolv.conf.local /etc/resolv.conf
     read namedpid < /var/run/named.pid
     kill $namedpid

ҥHobsuɰtmó]wƩyåBbuɸѰӰtmõ{D

Yǵ{AҦpڷQ_ irc P
talkAFLhwAFu@`AקA hosts ɮסD ڦb ip-up
W[J

     cp /etc/hosts.ppp /etc/hosts
     echo $myip      roke >>/etc/hosts

hosts.ppp O²a]tF

     127.0.0.1 localhost

 echo OJFڦ쪺 IP XھW(roke)D
AӧΧAۤvW١AiH hostname OdXD

ASsuWɰ named iäoA oO] named
N|հeXdߨWӥBפɭ(timeout)ܪA
ӨCYǭӵ{ոѪR@ӦW٪ɭԧANoݨoӲפɭD
pGAϥμܧAӦbsWɰ_l named åBbuɱD LаѦ
FAQ (section 9., page 26) @`ܡD









DNS HOWTO Ķ							     26



YǤHwbCtsuWϥ forwarders OD pGAںѪ̦b 1.2.3.4
H 1.2.3.5  ] DNS AAiHJo@

     forwarders 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.5

 named.boot ɮ׸̥hD oN|CۧAD IP
yqAiyL@tסDpGAO̽uƶqIOܳoISOnD
o٦Ӫ[ȡAA@@ӼȦs named @̩t_d:
Aݭnhs@ӪŪ root.cache ɮסD


9.  `Dѵ

`ڱNCX@ DNS HΥ̱`QXDD٦ѵ :-)
bgHګeХ\ŪL`D

  1.  pb𤧤ϥ DNS ?


      @Ǵ: `forwarders', `slave', HΰѦҥ̫᭱mCD

  2.  pQ DNS ѪiΦ}Y@AȡAp www.busy.siteA
      HotũĪG?


       www.busy.site [W\h A OAӥBϥ bind 4.9.3 ΥH᪺D o
      bind |ϥ round-robin tkMסDob󦭪 bind Wu@D

  3.  ڷQb@ʳ Intranet W[] DNSDڸӫ?


      ȦsɮץᱼudϰɮסDo]ܧANݭnsȦsɮסD

  4.  ڪtΨS ndc {Dڸӫ?


      AtΦw˹L@ªAiL bind {D pGwʹAܭn: ߨN
      bind ɯšDpGOAA]iHγoªD Ai named ӤO ndc
      startD ndc reload ܦ named.reload  ndc restart ܦ named.restartD
      Ҧoǵ{iೣb /usr/sbin ̡D

  5.  pإߦnW٦A?


      pGDnW٦Aa}O 127.0.0.1A bAnW٦A named.boot
      ɮפ@:

	     secondary	  linux.bogus	      127.0.0.1 sz/linux.bogus


  6.  ڧƱu bind ~D


      ڦӦ Ian Clark <ic@deakin.edu.au> HLpoID








DNS HOWTO Ķ							     27



	   I run named on my 'Masquerading' machine here. I have
	   two root.cache files, one called root.cache.real which contains
	   the real root server names and the other called root.cache.fake
	   which contains...

	   --------------
	   ; root.cache.fake
	   ; this file contains no information
	   --------------

	   When I go off line I copy the root.cache.fake file to root.cache and
	   restart named.

	   When I go online I copy root.cache.real to root.cache and restart
	   named.

	   This is done from ip-down & ip-up respectively.

	   The first time I do a query off line on a domain name named doesn't
	   have details for it puts an entry like this in messages..

	   Jan 28 20:10:11 hazchem named[10147]: No root nameserver for class IN

	   which I can live with.

	   It certainly seems to work for me. I can use the nameserver for
	   local machines while off the 'net without the timeout delay for
	   external domain names and I while on the 'net queries for external
	   domains work normally

  7.  W٦ANȦsƫOsb? kiHjp?


      ҦȦsƳOsbO餤Aɨ襦|QgJϺФD CA
      named ɳoǼȦsƴNSFDSkiHȦsơD named
      Τ@²檺khӺ޲zDAΥzѥkȦsƩΨjpD
      pGAƱpAiHۤvh named {DL̦nOo򰵡D

  8.  pbs_l named OsȦs? ڥiH⥦sUӶ?


      ! named Qɤ|OdȦsơD
      oNOȦsƥbCAís_l named ᭫sإߡD Sk
      named NȦsƦsɮ׸̡D pGAƱpAiHۤvh named
      {DL̦nOo򰵡D


10.  p󦨬@Ӥj DNS  ޲z

HΤu

sbuDbuWάOLnDnXѤp DNS j DNS
޲z̪@B\ŪXoǤOnD LnзǰѦҮѬO DNS and BIND by C.
Liu and P. Albitz from O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA, ISBN








DNS HOWTO Ķ							     28



0-937175-82-XD ŪLAܴΡDbt@ TCP/IP Network Administration, by
Craig Hunt from O'Reilly..., ISBN 0-937175-82-X @`O DNS
Dt@޲z DNS  ܦn(Ϊ̬Oo@u@ܦn)ѫhO Zen and the
Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, @ Robert M. Prisig Ѹ ISBN 0688052304D

uWƧAiHbo̧ <URL:http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/>,
<URL:http://www.isc.org/bind.html>; `DAѦҤU(BOG; Bind Operations
Guide)OwwqH DNS smD
oǤڤjS\ŪLAO]ڤOӤj DNS  ޲z̡D t@譱 Arnt
Gulbrandsen wgŪL BOG ӥB惡ܼZ :-)D sDQ׸s comp.proto
cols.tcp-ip.domains O DNS Q׸sD ~٦nX DNS 
RFCsA̭niOo:

      RFC 2052
	    A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, A DNS RR for specifying the location of
	    services (DNS SRV), October 1996

      RFC 1918
	    Y. Rekhter, R. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. de Groot, E. Lear,
	    Address Allocation for Private Internets, 02/29/1996.

      RFC 1912
	    D. Barr, Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors,
	    02/28/1996.

      RFC 1713
	    A. Romao, Tools for DNS debugging, 11/03/1994.

      RFC 1712
	    C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, D. Baldoni, DNS Encoding of
	    Geographical Location, 11/01/1994.

      RFC 1183
	    R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris, L. Mamakos, C. Everhart, New DNS RR
	    Definitions, 10/08/1990.

      RFC 1035
	    P. Mockapetris, Domain names - implementation and specification,
	    11/01/1987.

      RFC 1034
	    P. Mockapetris, Domain names - concepts and facilities, 11/01/1987.

      RFC 1033
	    M. Lottor, Domain administrators operations guide, 11/01/1987.

      RFC 1032
	    M. Stahl, Domain administrators guide, 11/01/1987.

      RFC 974
	    C. Partridge, Mail routing and the domain system, 01/01/1986.











DNS HOWTO Ķ							     29





































































				   CONTENTS



1.  e  ................................................................... 1
    1.1 vŧi  ........................................................... 1
    1.2 P»PDU .......................................................... 1
    1.3 Dm .............................................................. 1

2.  ² .................................................................... 1

3.  ȦsMΦW٦A ...................................................... 2
    3.1 _l named .......................................................... 5

4.  @²檺 .......................................................... 6
    4.1 Ӥ@I²z ...................................................... 6
    4.2 ڭ̦ۤv ...................................................... 9
    4.3 ~`J ........................................................... 15

5.  u쪺Ҥl ......................................................... 16
    5.1 /etc/named.boot ( /var/named/named.boot) ......................... 16
    5.2 /var/named/root.cache .............................................. 16
    5.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0 ............................................ 17
    5.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com ......................................... 17
    5.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177 .......................................... 20

6.  @u@ ............................................................... 21

7.  Bind version 8 ......................................................... 22

8.  su۰ʳ]w ..................................................... 24

9.  `Dѵ ........................................................... 26

10. p󦨬@Ӥj DNS  ޲z ......................................... 27





















				       i


