  The Linux Tips HOWTO ܸ
  ߷סJCD00743@niftyserve.jp
  r 1.0.0, 1 Oct. 1996
 
 ʸ

  The Linux Tips HOWTO
  Paul Anderson, panderso@ebtech.net
  v2.0, August 1996
  Ǥ

ΣȣϣףԣϤˤϡޤ¾ǤϸĤʤ褦ʡLinux 礤ä
ɤ뾮略ҥȤܤäƤޤ


1. Ϥ

 褦 Linux Tips HOWTO ء Linux äȳڤʤ륤
 ųݤŬˡʸ񡣺ϼʬǻפĤΤ Tips-HOWTO
 ˤäʪͤ鳨^H^Hηä̵̤ˤ㤡ˤʤǡ
 ΥɥХ tips ä鲿Ǥäơ Tips-HOWTO 
 ˺ܤ뤫⡣

 Linux TIPS HOWTO  

 Paul Anderson 

 panderso@ebtech.net


2. û Tips

2.1.  Syslog ȥåTips-HOWTO  Paul Anderson

 /etc/syslog.conf ԽιԤ㤤ޤ礦

      #  tty8 ˽񤭽Ф
       *.*                                     /dev/tty8

礤աTab ȤǤ衣syslog ϥڡǤ

2.2. ե륷ƥ֤ǥǥ쥯ȥưAlan CoxA.Cox@swansea.ac.uk

 [; JF ξ绰Alan Cox ΤΥɥ쥹 obsolete Ǥ͡
 Ƕ alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk ƤƤ褦Ǥ]

 ǥ¾Υǥءեĥ꡼ݤ᤯ưˡ

       (cd /source/directory && tar cf - . ) | (cd /dest/directory && tar xvfp -)

 Τäƥǥ쥯ȥˤʤ褦ˡcd /source/directory; tar....
 ȤΤѹޤJim Dennisjadestar@rahul.net 
 ƤƤ꤬Ȥ

2.3. ɤΥǥ쥯ȥ꤬礭Τ롣Mick Ghazey
     mghazey@miso.lowdown.com

 Υԥ塼ǤɤΥǥ쥯ȥ꤬礭ΡäƻפäȤ
 ޤ󤫡

      du -S | sort -n

 ȤȽޤ

2.4. Linux Gazette Linux ʹ

 Linux Gazette ¤ԡJohn Fisk ˱졣餷 e-zineʥ饤
 ޥˤǤ뤦̵Ǥ ʾ岿Ԥޤ

      http://www.redhat.com/lg

 åƲԤäͤ LG ɤۤ餷 e-zine Ǥ뤫
 John Fisk ˤҤȤȽ񤤤Ʋ͡

2.5. GNU Make 3.70  VPATH ޤο񤤤ѤѥåΤ꤫Ted Stern
     stern@amath.washington.edu

 Ƥͤ¿ɤΤޤ󡣤GNU Make ΥС
  3.70 ˤϡεʤħפޤVPATH Хѥ̾Ϳ
 硢ư򤹤ΤǤưꤷѥå Paul D. Smith 
 <psmith@wellfleet.com> 󶡤ƤޤϤޤGNU Make ˲Ѥ
 ٤ˡ˥塼롼 gnu.utils.bug ˥ɥȤȥѥåƤƤޤ
 Ϥƥ gmake ΥѥåƤƺƥѥ
 Ƥޤ

2.6. ֡ȤΤӤˤ fsck Τᤵˤϡ 
     Dale Lutzdal@wimsey.com

 Q: ֡Ȥ٤ e2fsck ǥåޤᤵˤϡ

 A: ͥƹۤȡΥե륷ƥϡdirtyɤȥޡޤ
    ǥ֡Ȥ٤˥ǥå褦ˤʤä㤤ޤ
    ľˤϡ

rdev -R /zImage 1

    ¹ԡȥͥ뤬졢ե륷ƥϡdirtyɤǤ
    ʤʤޤ

 Note: lilo ȤäƤʤ顢lilo ե /etc/lilo.conf 
        linux 򥻥åȥåפȤ read-only äƤ͡

2.7. ֡Ȼdevice busyɤΤǵ fsck 򤱤ˤϡ
     Jon Tombsjon@gtex02.us.es

 åȥκݤ device busy 顼ȯ֡Ȥκݤ fsck 
 ɬפˤʤäƤޤ硢ñ˽Ǥޤ

 /etc/brc  /sbin/brc  umount -a ƤְιԤˡʲäޤ

      mount -o remount,ro /mount.dir

 ιԤ / ʳ˥ޥȤƤΥե륷ƥΤ˽񤭤ޤ礦
 С餫ͳ shutdown ץ kill ˼Ԥǥ 
 umount ǤʤƤ⡢֡Ȥκݤˤϥǥ clean Ǥ֡Ȼ
 򤫤ʤ󤷤ƤƤޤ

2.8. ϡɥǥκΥե򸫤Ĥˤϡ
     Simon Amorsimon@foobar.co.uk

      ls -l | sort +4n

 Ȥޤ
 ˥ǥڡɯƤ뤢ʤˤϡ

       cd /
       ls -lR | sort +4n

 ޤ֤ϥåȤޤʤȤޤ衣

2.9. ѥ򳫤ʬΥޡäƥץȥȤˡ
     Mike Dickeymdickey@thorplus.lib.purdue.edu

       ______________________________________________________________________
               #!/bin/sh
               # /usr/local/bin/print
               # a simple formatted printout, to enable someone to
               # 3-hole punch the output and put it in a binder

               cat $1 | pr -t -o 5 -w 85 | lpr
       ______________________________________________________________________

2.10. ɽȤäƥեĥ꡼򸡺ˡ
      Raul Deluth Millerrockwell@nova.umd.edu

 ϤΥץȤ 'forall' ȸƤǤޤ

       forall /usr/include grep -i ioctl
       forall /usr/man grep ioctl

 ߤ˻Ȥäơ

 줬 forall:
  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  if [ 1 = `expr 2 \> $#` ]
  then
          echo Usage: $0 dir cmd [optargs]
          exit 1
  fi
  dir=$1
  shift
  find $dir -type f -print | xargs "$@"
  ______________________________________________________________________


2.11. ץबưŪ˺äХååץե䥪ȥ֥ե
륹ץȡBarry Tolnastolnas@nestor.engr.utk.edu

 ǥ쥯ȥ곬ؤƵŪ˹߲ơemacs Υȥ֥ե (#) 
 Хååץե (~) .o ե롢TeX  .log ե
 ԤԥΤǤ.tex ե롢README եΰ̤⤷ޤ
 'sqeeze' ȸƤǤޤ

       ______________________________________________________________________
       #!/bin/sh
       #SQUEEZE removes unnecessary files and compresses .tex and README files
       #By Barry tolnas, tolnas@sun1.engr.utk.edu
       #
       echo squeezing $PWD
       find  $PWD \( -name \*~ -or -name \*.o -or -name \*.log -or -name \*\#\) -exec
       rm -f {} \;
       find $PWD \( -name \*.tex -or -name \*README\* -or -name \*readme\* \) -exec gzip -
9 {} \;
       ______________________________________________________________________


2.12. ¿äƤץθĤSimon Amor
      simon@foobar.co.uk


       ps -aux | sort +4n

 -ޤ-

       ps -aux | sort +5n



3. ܺ٤ Tips

3.1. Linux  Windows ζͭåץѡƥ
     Tony Aceroace3@midway.uchicago.edu

1. ѡƥ dos ѡƥȤƥեޥåȤơWindows 
   Υåץե롣ޤ Windows 餻Ǥʥ
   åץեϴ˶ˤƤ٤̤ǤΤǡˡ

2. Linux ֡ȤåץѡƥեȤƥ֡
   㤨Сѡƥ /dev/hda8 ä顢

       dd if=/dev/hda8 of=/etc/dosswap

   Ȥ롣

3. dos Υåץե򰵽̡; 礭ϻ¾声ʤΤǡΨ⤷

       gzip -9 /etc/dosswap

4. /etc/rc ե˰ʲΤΤäLinux Υå׶֤
   褦ˤ롣XXXXX ϥåץѡƥΥ֥å

       mkswap /dev/hda8 XXXXX
       swapon -av

 ե /etc/fstab ˥åץѡƥΥȥ꡼ääƤ
 Ȥǧ

5. ȤäƤ륷ƥ init/reboot ѥå /etc/brc  /sbin/brc 
   ݡȤƤʤ顢/etc/brc ˰ʲΤΤä롣ѥå
   /etc/brc 򥵥ݡȤƤʤϼưǼ¹ԡư¹Ԥ DOS  OS/2 
   ֡Ȥˤʤǥåץѡƥ DOS/Windows 
   ѤѴ롣

       swapoff -av
       zcat /etc/dosswap.gz | dd of=/dev/hda8 bs=1k count=100

  100 ֥åᤷƤʤȤܡиŪ
   ǽʬȽޤ

 >> 뤳ȤФ뻿

: ºݤɬפʥǥ֤򾮤Ǥ롣

ȿ: ƥå 5 ưǤʤʤ顢ư¹Ԥ˺Ƥ
      ʤ̡ȡ֡ȤʥäФ٤ʤä㤦 :-)


3.2. immutableѡ˥ե饰λȤJim Dennisjadestar@rahul.net

 Immutable ե饰Ȥ

 󥹥ȡ롢ե奢Ѥޤ顢/bin/sbin//usr/bin
 /usr/sbin/usr/libʤ¾̾ɬפʾˤ 'chattr +i command'
 Ʋ٤ˤɤɤԤ衣롼Ȥˤ륫ͥե
  immutable ˤ褦ϡ 'mkdir /etc/.dist/' ơ/etc/ ˤ
 եΥǥ쥯ȥ˥ԡ褦ʻϤ 
 /tmp/etcdist.tar äƣƥåפǼ¹Ԥԡ롼פΤɤ
 Ǥޤˡñ /etc/.dist.tar.gz äƤ--ơ
 Υե immutable ˤ褦

 ƤСroot Ȥƥ󤷤Ȥ˵᡼Ǿ¤
 Ǥޤ쥯äƥե񤭤ꡢ'rm -fr' ޥ
 ɤ˸äƥڡäƥƥǽˤʤǤ硩
 ʰȤƥǡˤϥ᡼Ϳޤ饤֥ȥХʥ
 ˤʤޤ

 ޤκȤˤꥻƥ졢Ƽ掠ӥѤˡ
 Բǽ뤤϶ˤƺˤʤޤʤ¿*ǤդΥ
 ޥɤ¹ԤǤ褦ˤϤʤäƤʤ* SUID 줿ץȤ
 ե񤭤ˡȤäƤ뤫Ǥ

 κȤˤäͣؤˤʤΤϡ͡ʥƥХʥ 'make 
 install' ȤǤĤޤꡢκȤˤä 'make install' ˤ
 եξ񤭤ݤޤMakefile ɤΤ˺졢񤭤
 ϤΥեʤȥեդä褦ȤƤǥ쥯ȥˤ 
 chattr -i ʤä --  make ϼԤޤޤñ 
 chattr ޥɤȤäƤ make Ƽ¹ԤФǤ
 ŤХʥ饤֥ʤɡλ񤭤줽ʤΤ .old/ 
 ǥ쥯ȥ˰ܤꡢ͡षꡢtar ǤޤȤƤ󥹤
 ⤢ޤ

3.3. ΤˤĤƤJim Dennis
     jadestar@rahul.net

 ΤϤߤʡ/usr/local  /usr/local/`hostname` βǻϤ褦

 ۥѥå /usr/local Ȥʤʤ顢ʬ /usr/local/src
 /usr/local/bin ʤɤäƻȤ/usr/local ĥ꡼˲֤褦
 ѥåʤ顢'mkdir /usr/local/`hostname` ǡ'wheel' ݥ
 ˤΥǥ쥯ȥؤν񤭤߸ (+w) Ϳ褦(Ϲˡwheel 
 ݥפΥ桼 SUID  SGID 뤳ȤǡΥץबʬΥե
 ʬǺäեΤߤ򤤤褦줿ե 'wheel' 
 ݥפ°褦ˤƤޤˡ

 ⤦줫ϤĤ⡪Ĥ⡪Ĥ⡪ѥå
 .tar ¾Υեˤ /usr/local/src/.from/$WHEREVER_I_GOT_IT/ 
 [: /usr/local/src/.from/ɤǤȤˤä褿̾/ 
  ǡɤʽ꤫äƤƤɬ񤯤ȡȤ̣] 
 ֤/usr/local/srcʤޤ .../$HOSTNAME/src ˰ʲǥѥ뤹
 Ĥ褦Υץब /usr/local ʲʬ˥󥹥ȡ뤵
 뤳ȤΤ٤⤷Фˡ /bin  /usr/bin ˥󥹥ȡ
 ʤФʤʤץʤ顢/usr/local ʲγؤ餽˥
 å󥯤ĥ褦ˤ롣

 ݤǤƤۥǥʺǤΣãĤǤ͡ˤ
 Ƥƥ󥹥ȡ뤹ݡХååפ٤եȺƥ󥹥ȡ뤹
 ٤եʬ䤹ʤޤޤ/usr/local/.from ǥ쥯ȥ
 ȤȤǡɤäƤʥ¸뤳Ȥ
 ޤƤȿСõ䤹ʤޤ
 ƥطΥʥ󥹤ɤݤˤ϶ˤƽפʾˤʤޤ

 ʬΤΤ˴ؤƤ⤳ˤȤΥƥʺȤäƤġ
 ǤϡۥѥåΥեȿ󥹥ȡ뤷ե
 㤴ˤƤޤʬȤƥǤꡢۤȤ
 äƤʤˤؤ餺ȤΡ֥󥹥ȡ뤵줿ޤޤΡץƥ
 ɤ˰㤦ơȽäƤפȤϸޤǤ

 оŪˡ䤬ŻʥƥΤ褦ʤȤ餵ƤǤˤ
 ֤ƥϡƤΤꤷƤޤΥޥϷ
 ǺȤƤͤ䤢ޤΤ褯ʤͤʤɡޤޤʿ͡˴졢
 ȥС󥢥åפ줿ꡢץ򥤥󥹥ȡ뤵줿
 ꤷޤˤ⤫餺ǽ˥ƥ򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷ꤷ
 **ɤʤΤȤ줿̩ΤäƤޤ


3.4. ͥƥԸΤĤ tipsJim Dennis
     jadestar@rahul.net

 /README.`hostname` ڤӡޤ /etc/README.`hostname`
 ȡǤ /usr/local/etc/README.`hostname` ʤ

 ƥδϤ᤿**饤Υե˥ΡȤ
 ʤФǤroot   /bash_logout  "vi /README.$(hostname)" 
 Ƚ񤤤ƤƤʲΤ褦 su  sudo ץȤ񤯼
 ޤ

                       function exit \
                               { unset exit; exit; \
                                 cat ~/tmp/session.$(date +%y%m%d) \
                                 >> /README.$(hostname) && \
                                 vi /README.$(hostname)
                                 }
                       script -a ~/tmp/session.$(date +%y%m%d)
                       /bin/su.org -

 ʥåΤ typescript ޥɤȤΥ
   ɲùΤ˥ե󥯥Ƥޤ

 伫ȤϡΤ褦˵ϿưŪ˼ˡѤƤޤ󡣤äȼ
 ƤäƤޤǤ⡢(˼褦ʥץȤ䥷뵡ǽ
 ȤäƵϿưŪˤ褦)ǥϵˤäƤޤΥ
 ץȤǵˤʤȤ 'script' ޥɤȤäƤȤǤ
 ץȤ򹭤ˡ 'script' ޥɤΥõƤơ
 Υޥɥ饤ѥ᡼(ޥɥ饤󤫤鵭Ͽߤ
 ߤ륪ץ)ɲäʤФʤʤȹͤƤޤ

 ǸʺΤȤˤϡ

 root Υѥ 'PATH= /bin' Ȥ٤Ǥ

 Ǥ롼ȤΥѥ¾ʪϲäޤ󡣥롼ȤκȤϡ/bin 
 ܥå󥯡ꥢե󥯥󶡤뤫
 /bin ¸ߤ륹ץȤХʥꡢȤХѥǻꤵΤ
 ٤ǤƤˤ٤ʤΤǤ

 äƤߤȡ롼ȤǴĥäƤͤϼʬƼΥХʥꥳޥɤ
 ɤۤäƤ뤫ʻˤ϶줷ߤȶˡ˵դǤ礦ʣΥ桼
 Ѥۥ5. xdm ΥۥȤ֥塼 (chooser) ꤹˡ
     Arrigo Triulzia.triulzi@ic.ac.uk

1. xdm ưեʺǤ⤢ꤽʤΤ /etc/rc/rc.6  
   /etc/rc.localˤԽxdm Υȥåץ˼ιԤ
   롣

       /usr/bin/X11/xdm
       exec /usr/bin/X11/X -indirect hostname

2. /usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers ԽޥǥФ򥹥
  ԡ㤨 starting 0: 򥳥ȥȤ롣

3. ޥ֡ȤȡϤȤǤ⳰ǤȤޤ

 ʬΥ֥ͥåȤǤ򤷤褦ɬäȤ
 դޤǡ콵֤ۤɼ㤤ޤǡ񤭲äޤ

 äȡ餫ͳǡŤ SLS (1.1.1) Ǥϡxdm ιԤθ 
         -nodaemon դƤޤ -- ϸΥ꡼Ǥưޤ

