  From DOS to Linux HOWTO
  By Guido Gonzato <guido@ibogfs.df.unibo.it> 
  ޤߤĤҤ <isle@st.rim.or.jp> 
  v1.0, 11 December 1996

   HOWTO ϡDOS  386 ʾΥԥ塼ѤΥե꡼ Unix 
  Ǥ Linux ˾ؤ褦ȷ迴ƤΥ桼Τ˽񤫤ޤ
  ʸŪϡDOS  Unix δ֤Ҳ𤷤ơDOS 桼
  äƤμ Linux ĶǱѤǤ褦ˤʤꡢߤ䤫 Linux 
  ǻŻǤ褦ˤ뤳ȤǤ
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Table of Contents:

  1.      ֤

  1.1.    Linux ϤʤŬƤޤ?

  1.2.    ϲ?

  1.3.    ûʿͤΤ

  2.      եȥץ

  2.1.    եȤ: ñʾҲ

  2.2.    ܥå

  2.3.    եε°Ƚͭ

  2.4.    DOS  Linux ؤΥޥɤ

  2.5.    ץεư: ޥȥå

  2.6.    Υ줿ˤ륳ԥ塼(⡼ȥԥ塼)ǥץ
  ¹Ԥ

  3.      ǥ쥯ȥλȤ

  3.1.    ǥ쥯ȥȤ: ñʾҲ

  3.2.    ǥ쥯ȥε°

  3.3.    ǥ쥯ȥޥɤ DOS  Linux б

  4.      եåԡϡɥǥʤɤΰ

  4.1.    ǥХ

  4.2.    Хåå

  5.      ƥĴ

  5.1.    Ƽѥե

  5.2.    Ƽץѽե

  6.      ñʥץߥ

  6.1.    륹ץ: 줿 .BAT ե

  6.2.    C ǤΥץ

  7.      Ĥ 1 %

  7.1.    ۥκ

  7.2.    tar &  gzip λȤ

  7.3.    ץꥱΥ󥹥ȡ

  7.4.    ɬܤΥƥ˥å

  7.5.    Ωĥץȥޥ

  7.6.    ŪʳĥҤդȴطץ

  8.      Ȥꤢޤ

  8.1.    ɽ(Copyright)

  8.2.    Ǥ
  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  ֤

  1.1.  Linux ϤʤŬƤޤ?

  DOS  Linux ؾؤΤǤ?ϤͤǤǤ⡢դ
  ƤLinux ϤʤΩʤΤޤܸǤϡֺ
  ɤΥԥ塼פֺɤΥڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥפʤɤ¸ߤޤ
  : ϻȤͤ򤷤˰¸ޤǤ顢 Linux 
  ͤˤȤäƤκβȤϻפäƤޤ㤨 Linux ξѤ
  OS ⵻ŪͥƤȤƤ⡢Ǥ⤷ʤɬפȤ
  ץߥ󥰤䥤󥿡ͥåȡTeX ȤäŪʥեȥʤ
  СLinux ϤΩĤȤǤ礦˻ȤΤ
  Υץꥱ󥽥եȤäꡢޥɤ򲱤꥿פΤ
  ȴʤС̤ΤΤõǤ礦

  Linux (ʤȤ⸽Ǥ) Windows  Mac ۤɤˤ꤬ñˤ
  ʤäƤޤΤǡκݤ¿ζϫȼޤĤդ⤷
  ޤ⤷ʤץפΥ桼ʤСLinux 
  ԥ塼γڱΤ褦˴Ǥ礦 100%ݾڤǤ
  Linux ΩĤɤϤʤǤˡLinux 
  DOS/Windows Ʊޥ˶¸Ǥ뤳Ȥ⤪˺ʤ

   HOWTO Ȥơ

  o  Ū DOS Υޥɤȳǰ򤷤Ƥ뤳

  o  Linux Ȳǽʤ X ɥƥबŬڤ PC ˥󥹥ȡ뤵
     Ƥ뤳ȡܸȤʤСJE 󥹥ȡ뤵Ƥ뤳
     ȡ

  o   ---DOS COMMAND.COMƱ---bash Ǥ뤳ȡ

  o  ΥɤԴǤ뤳Ȥ򤷤Ƥ뤳ȡܤ
      Matt Welsh  ``Linux Installation and Getting Started'' /
      Larry Greenfield  ``Linux User Guide''
     (sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/LDP) 

   howto  ``From DOS to Linux - Quick!'' mini-howto ֤ؤ
  Ǥ

  1.2.  ϲ?

  Linux ɬפʥץ PC ˥󥹥ȡѤȤޤʬѤΥ
  Ȥ(⤷̵С adduser ƺäƤ) Linux 
  ưƤޤʤΥ̾ȥѥɤϤޤơ
  ꡼ߤʤͤƤޤ: ֤ơɤ褦?

  ɬפϤޤ󡣸ߡʤ DOS ǤƤȤƱ
  䤵ˤäȿʤȤǤ褦ˤʤĤĤΤǤLinux 
   DOS ȤäƤСΤ褦ʺȤ򤷤Ƥ뤳ȤǤ礦

  o  ץươեäꡢԡꡢ
     ꡢꡢꡢ̾Ѥꡢʤɡ

  o  ǥ쥯ȥư(CD)ꡢ(MD)õ(RD)ꥹ
     Ȥä(DIR)ʤɡ

  o  եåԡեޥåȤơեեåԡȤȤꤹ롣

  o  AUTOEXEC.BAT CONFIG.SYS 롣

  o  ѤΥХåե(.BAT ե)äꡢQBasic ǥץ
     ꤹ롣

  o  ¾1% ۤɤλŻ򤹤롣

  λŻ Linux Ǥ DOS ƱͤˡǹԤȤǽǤʿŪ
  桼 100 İʾ夢 DOS ΥޥɤΤۤΰȤäƤޤ:
  ƱȤ Linux ˤĤƤޤ

  ˿ʤ˾åƤޤ礦

  o  ޤǽ˽λλޤƥȥ⡼ɤβ̤ˤ
     CTRL-ALT-DEL Ʊ˲ƥब򽪤ơֽ
     פȤåФޤԤäƤ PC ŸڤޤX
     ɥȤäƤ硢ޤ CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE 򲡤 X 
     ɥλƤ CTRL-ALT-DEL ޤľ PC Ÿڤä
     ꡢꥻåȤƤϤޤ󡣥ե륷ƥ˽ʥ᡼Ϳ
     붲줬ޤ

  o  DOS ȤϰۤʤꡢLinux ϤȤȥޥ桼Ѥ߷פƤǡ
     ƥǽ⤢餫ȤߤޤƤޤեǥ쥯
     ȥˤϽͭԤε°ǽḁ̇̄桼ˤϸʤե
     뤳ȤǽǤ(ܺ٤ˤĤƤ ``° ''򻲾Ȥ
     )

  o  ʬμǤơͷǤߤƤץץȤФƤ
     ֤ help ϤСĤͭѤʥåϤޤ
     (ʲǤ $ϰ̥桼ΥץץȤǡ#ϥ롼ȤΥץץȤ
     )

        $ help

     (ǽϤΤbashΥإץåǤ)뤤ϡ

        $ man command

     Ϥޤman ڡ򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷Ƥ command ˴ؤ
     ˥奢(``man'')ڡɽޤ뤤

        $ apropos command
        $ whatis command

     ȤƤߤΤ⤤Ǥ礦λˤ 'q' 򲡤ޤ

  o  Unix ϤȽθϥ쥯Ȥȥѥ׽Ȥñʳǰˤ
     ޤ쥯Ȥȥѥ׽ DOS ˤ⤢ޤUnix ǤϤ
     餬äȶϤˤʤäƤޤİĤñʥޥɤѥפ
     ȤäϢ뤹뤳ȤǡäʣʺȤäƤΤ뤳Ȥǽ
     ʤäƤޤεǽѶŪ˳Ѥޤ礦

  o  : <...> ꤷʤФʤʤܤǤ [...] ά
     ȤΤǤܤǤ㤨:

        $ tar -tf <file.tar> [> redir_file]

     ξ硢 file.tar ɬܤιܤǤ redir_file ؤΥ
     쥯ȤϤäƤ̵Ƥ⹽ޤ

  o  ʲǤϡ־ܺ٤ˤĤƤ man ڡ򻲾ȤΤȡפȤ̣
     ``RMP'' (please Read the Man Pages for further information)Ȥ
     Ȥޤ

  1.3.  ûʿͤΤ

  ääƤߤΤǤ? ǤϡʲΥꥹȤ :

        DOS                 Linux                  
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
        BACKUP              tar -Mcvf device dir/  ۤʤ
        CD dirname\         cd dirname/            ʸˡϤۤƱ
        COPY file1 file2    cp file1 file2         Ʊ
        DEL file            rm file                 : undelete Ϥޤ
        DELTREE dirname     rm -R dirname/         Ʊ
        DIR                 ls                     Ƥ뤬ƱǤϤʤ
        EDIT file           vi file                ¿ʬˤʤǤ礦
                            emacs file             ä
                            jstar file             DOS  edit ˻Ȥޤ
        FORMAT              fdformat,
                            mount, umount          ʸˡۤʤ
        HELP command        man command            ͤƱ
        MD dirname          mkdir dirname/         ʸˡϤۤƱ
        MOVE file1 file2    mv file1 file2         Ʊ
        NUL                 /dev/null              Ʊ
        PRINT file          lpr file               Ʊ
        PRN                 /dev/lp0,
                            /dev/lp1               Ʊ
        RD dirname          rmdir dirname/         ۤƱ
        REN file1 file2     mv file1 file2         ʣե٤˽Ǥʤ
        RESTORE             tar -Mxpvf device      ʸˡϰۤʤ
        TYPE file           less file              ääȤ
        WIN                 startx                 ȿ!

  ɽʾɬפʤаʲΥɤǤ

  2.  եȥץ

  2.1.  եȤ: ñʾҲ

  Linux ˤ DOS ˤ褯ե륷ƥ --- ʤ֥ǥ쥯ȥ
  ȥեι¤ --- ޤեϰΥ롼˽ä̾
  դ졢ǥ쥯ȥ¸졢ĤΥեϼ¹Բǽǡ
  ԲǽʥեˤϤĤΥޥɥåѰդƤޤä
  ƥ磻ɥɤ쥯ȡѥפȤȤǽǤDOS Υե
  륷ƥȤϤ鷺ʰ㤤ޤ

  o  DOS Ǥϡե̾Ϥ 8.3 ˤʤäƤޤ; 㤨
     NOTENOUG.TXT ʤɡLinux ǤϤΤ褦¤Ϥޤ Linux 
     ext2  umsdos Ȥäƥ󥹥ȡ뤷ƤС( 255 ʸޤ
     )äĹե̾ȤȤ⡢İʾΥɥåȤȤȤ
     ǽǤ㤨СThis_is.a.VERY_long.filename ʤɡʸȾʸ
     ξȤäƤ뤳ȤդƤºݤΤȤ

  o  ե̾䥳ޥ̾ʸȾʸ϶̤ޤʤ
     FILENAME.tar.gz  filename.tar.gz ϰ㤦եˤʤޤޥ
     ̾ ls ǤꡢLS ϴְ㤤Ǥ

  o  ץˤ .COM  .EXE ȤĥҤդХåեˤ
     .BAT ȤĥҤդʤɤ¤Ϥޤ󡣼¹Բǽե
     ls -F ˥ꥹ '*' Ǽޤ㤨:

        $ ls -F
        letter_to_Joe  cindy.jpg  cjpg*  I_am_a_dir/  my_1st_script*  old~

     cjpg*  my_1st_script ϡ֥ץסʤ¹Բǽե
     DOS ǤϡХååץե .BAK ȤĥҤޤ
      Linux Ǥϡե̾˥(~) դޤ(emacs/mule
     Ȥ)ޤɥåȤǻϤޤե̾ϱեˤʤ
     㤨С .I.am.a.hidden.file Ȥե ls ޥɤǤɽ
     ޤ

  o  DOS ץ /switch ץΥץ󥹥åˤʤ
     Linux Ǥ -switch  --switch ץ󥹥åȤʤ
     ޤ㤨 dir /s  ls - R ˤʤޤ¿ DOS ץࡢ
      PKZIP  ARJ  Unix Υץ󥹥åȤäƤ뤳Ȥ
     դƤ

   ``Ƽ拾ޥɤ DOS  Linux ؤ'' ξϤؿʤǤ⹽ޤ
  󤷡Τޤɤ߿ʤƤäƤ⹽ޤ

  2.2.  ܥå

  Unix ˤ DOS ˤʤΥե롢ʤܥå󥯤
  ޤܥå󥯤ϥեǥ쥯ȥؤΥݥ󥿤ȹͤ
  졢ºݤΥեǥ쥯ȥ˻ȤȤǽǤܥ
  󥯤 Win 95 Ρ֥硼ȥåȡפˤ褯Ƥޤܥ
  󥯤Ȥơ㤨 /usr/X11  /usr/X11R6 ؤΥܥå
  󥯤ˤʤäƤꡢ/dev/modem  /dev/cua0  /dev/cua1 ؤΥݥ
  ˤʤäƤޤ

  ܥå󥯤ˤϰʲΤ褦ˤޤ

        $ ln -s <file_or_dir> <linkname>

  :

        $ ln -s /usr/doc/g77/DOC g77manual.txt

   /usr/doc/g77/DOC  g77manual.txt Ȥե̾Ȥ
  ޤ

  2.3.  եε°Ƚͭ

  DOS Υեȥǥ쥯ȥˤϰʲ 4 Ĥ°ޤ: A (
  )H (ե)R (꡼ɥ꡼)S (ƥե)
  Τ H  R °ΤߡLinux б°ޤե
  ϥɥåȤǻϤᡢ꡼ɥ꡼°ˤĤƤϡ⤦ɤ³Ƥ
  

  Unix ǤϡեˤϳƼΡֵ°(ѡߥå)פȽͭ
  ԤγǰޤͭԤϲ餫Ρ֥롼ספ°Ƥޤʲ
  򸫤Ƥ

        $ ls -l /bin/ls
        -rwxr-xr-x  1  root  bin  27281 Aug 15 1995 /bin/ls*

  ǽ /bin/ls ε°򼨤ƤޤͭԤϥ롼Ȥǡ롼
  פ bin ǤΤξ̤ε뤳Ȥˤ(Matt 
  Ƥޤ)Ǥ-rwxr-xr-x ΰ̣ޤ(
  鱦ɤߤޤ)

  - ϥեμ򼨤ޤ(- ϰ̤Υե롢d ϥǥ쥯ȥꡢl
  ϥ󥯡ʤɤʤ)μ 3 ġrwx ϥեνͭԤФ
  °Ǥ(Ǥɤ߽Ф񤭤ߡ¹ԤƤǽˤʤäƤ
  ) 3 ġ-xr ϥեνͭԤ°륰롼פФ°
  Ǥ(ɤ߽Фȼ¹ԤΤߤǽǤ)(ʸǤϥ롼פˤĤƤϰ
  ޤ󡣽鿴Ԥδ֤ϥ롼פ򵤤ˤʤǤפǤ ;-)Ǹ r-x
  Ϥ¾ƤΥ桼Ф°Ǥ(ɤ߽Фȼ¹ԤΤߤǽ)

  Τ褦ʵ°ˤʤäƤ뤿ᡢ롼ȰʳΥ桼ˤ /bin/ls 
  Ǥޤ󡣤ʤʤС롼ȰʳΥ桼ˤϽ񤭤ߵĤͿ
  ƤʤǤեε°Ѥ뤿Υޥɤ

        $ chmod <whoXperm> <file>

  Ǥ

  ǡwho  u (桼ʤͭԼ) g (桼°륰
  롼)o (¾Υ桼) ǡX  +  - ˤʤޤperm r (ɤ
  Ф)  w (񤭤)뤤 x (¹) Τ줫Ǥ㤨С

        $ chmod u+x file

  λǤϡեνͭԤ˼¹ԵĤͿޤΥ硼ȥ
  ȤȤƻȤޤ͡

        $ chmod go-wx file

  λǤϡͭ԰ʳ(롼פȰ̥桼)ν񤭤ߤȼ¹ԵĤ
  Ƥޤ

        $ chmod ugo+rwx file

  ïǤɤߤߤ񤭽Ф¹Ԥǽˤʤޤ

        # chmod +s file

  λϤ ``setuid''ʤ ``suid'' 줿ե
  ޤΥեï⤬롼Ȥθ¤Ǽ¹ԤǤޤ

  °Ͽǻꤹ뤳ȤǽǤrwxr-xr-x  755 ɽǤ
  (°򼨤ʸĤΥӥåȤбޤʤ ---  0
  ǡ--x  1 -w-  2 ǡ -wx  3 )츫ʣǤ
  餯Фΰ̣ǤǤ礦

  롼ȡ륹ѡ桼ƤΥ桼Υեε°
  뤳ȤǤޤܺ٤ˤĤƤ --- chmod ˤĤ RMP Ƥ
  

  2.4.  DOS  Linux ؤΥޥɤ

  ɽκ DOS Υޥɤǡ˼Τб Linux Υޥ
  Ǥ

        COPY:       cp
        DEL:        rm
        MOVE:       mv
        REN:        mv
        TYPE:       more, less, cat

  쥯ȤɸϤڤؤ륪ڥ졼  <  > >> |  Ǥ

  磻ɥ: * ?

  nul: /dev/null

  prn, lpt1: /dev/lp0  /dev/lp1; lpr

  Ĥ򼨤ޤ

        DOS                                     Linux
        ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        C:\GUIDO>copy joe.txt joe.doc         $ cp joe.txt joe.doc
        C:\GUIDO>copy *.* total               $ cat * > total
        C:\GUIDO>copy fractals.doc prn        $ lpr fractals.doc
        C:\GUIDO>del temp                     $ rm temp
        C:\GUIDO>del *.bak                    $ rm *~
        C:\GUIDO>move paper.txt tmp\          $ mv paper.txt tmp/
        C:\GUIDO>ren paper.txt paper.asc      $ mv paper.txt paper.asc
        C:\GUIDO>print letter.txt             $ lpr letter.txt
        C:\GUIDO>type letter.txt              $ more letter.txt
        C:\GUIDO>type letter.txt              $ less letter.txt
        C:\GUIDO>type letter.txt > nul        $ cat letter.txt > /dev/null
           ʤ                           $ more *.txt *.asc
           ʤ                           $ cat section*.txt | less

  :

  o  Linux Ǥϡ磻ɥɥ饯Ǥ * ϡDOS ⤺äȸ
     ʤäƤޤ* ϱեʳƤΥե˥ޥå
     .* Ƥαե˥ޥåޤ*.* ϡե̾
     ¾ʸˤϤޤ줿 '.' ĥեˤΤߥޥåޤp*r 
     `peter' Ȥ `piper' Ȥޥåޤ*c*  `picked' ˤ `peck'
     ˤޥåޤ

  o  more Ȥ硢³ɤˤ SPACE 򲡤λˤ `q' 
     CTRL-C 򲡤ޤless  more ⤵˸ơ(
     륭)ȤȤǽǤ

  o  less ܸΥեɽݤˤϴĶѿ LESSCHARSET 
     ɬפޤbash Ȥ硢

     ___________________________________________________________________
     $ export LESSCHARSET=japanese-ujis
     ___________________________________________________________________

  ¹Ԥޤ

  o  DOS ȤϰۤʤꡢUNDELETE Ϥޤ󡣤Ǥ顢ݤ
     ϽʬդƤ

  o  DOS  <>>> ˲äơLinux Ǥ 2> ǥ顼å
     (stderr)ڤѤ뤳ȤǽǤäơ2>&1 Ȥ stderr
      stdout ˽Ϥ 1>&2  stdout  stderr ˥쥯ȤǤ
     

  o  Linux Ǥ [] Ȥ磻ɥɤȤޤ [abc]* Ϻǽʸ
      a  b  c ǻϤޤ磻ɥɤλǤ*[I-N,123] 
      I, J, K, L, M, N, 1, 2, 3 ǽե˥ޥåޤ

  o  DOS  RENAME Ϥޤ󡣤ʤ mv *.xxx *.yyy ϻȤޤ
     

  o  եξ񤭤ɤˤ cp -i  mv -i Ȥäơǧ⡼ɤǼ
     ԤƤ

  2.5.  ץεư: ޥȥå

  ץưˤ DOS ƱͤˤΥޥɤ̾Ǥ
  ưץबѥĶѿ (``ƥν''򻲾)
  ̤äƤǥ쥯ȥˤСΤޤ޼¹Ԥ뤳ȤǽǤDOS
  ȤϰۤʤꡢLinux ǤϺǥ쥯ȥˤץǤ⡢ѥ
  ̤äƤʤȼ¹Ԥ뤳ȤϤǤޤ󡣤ξ硢ץ̾ prog
  Ȥ./prog Ϥޤ

  ŵŪʥޥɥ饤ϰʲΤ褦ˤʤޤ

        $ command -s1 -s2 ... -sn par1 par2 ... parn < input > output

   -s1, ... ,-sn ϥץΥץ󥹥åǡpar1, ...,
  parn ϥץΥѥ᡼ǤʲΤ褦 ; ǶڤäʣΥ
  ɤ¤٤뤳ȤǽǤ

        $ command1 ; command2 ; ... ; commandn

  ǥץưˤĤƤϽǤ⤦ʤΤϴ
  ñǤ礦Linux ȤͳΰĤˡLinux ϥޥ OS ǡʣ
  Υץ(ʸץȸƤӤޤ)Ʊư뤫顢ȤΤ
  ޤεǽȤХץХå饦ɤǼ¹Ԥʤ麣
  Ż³뤳ȤǽǤäơLinux ǤʣΥåƱ
  ưȤǽǤξ硢ƱʣΥԥ塼ȤäƤ
  ˴ޤ
  o  å 1  å 6 ڤؤˤϡ

        $ ALT-F1 ... ALT-F6

     Ȥޤ

  o  륻åĤޤ޿åưˤϡ

        $ su - <loginname>

     Ȥޤ

     㤨С

        $ su - root

     ̾롼ȤΤߤǥޥȤǤΤǡǥޥ
     (ܺ٤ ``եåԡ'' ξϤ򻲾ȤΤ)ƥ
     ڤؤǤ

  o  å򽪤ˤϡ

        $ exit

     ȤޤΥ֤ĤäƤ(ܺ٤ϸ)ٹɽ
     

  o  ե饦ɤǥץưˤϡ

        $ progname [-switches] [parameters] [< input] [> output]

     Ȥޤ

  o  Хå饦ɤǥץưˤϥޥɹԤκǸ `&' 
     ޤ

        $ progname [-switches] [parameters] [< input] [> output] &
        [1] 123

     ϥץ򥸥ֹ(Ǥ [1] ֹǤܺ
     ϸ)ȥץ ID(Ǥ 123) Ƕ̤Ƥޤ

  o  ĤΥץưƤ뤫򸫤ˤϡ

        $ ps -a

     ȤȡưƤץΥꥹȤɽޤ

  o  ץ򻦤ˤϡ

        $ kill <PID>

     ץλˡʬʤʤɡץ򻦤ɬפ
     뤫Τޤ󡢡;-) ץˤϡʲΤ褦ˤʤ
     ʤʤΤ⤢ޤ

        $ kill -15 <PID>
        $ kill -9 <PID>

     äơϥץߤꡢХå饦ɤä
     ꡢХå饦ɤե饦ɤᤷꤹ뤳Ȥǽ
     ξ硢ץäˡ֥֡פȸƤФޤ

  o  ɤΥ֤ưƤ뤫򸫤ˤ

        $ jobs

     Ȥޤξ硢ƥ֤ϥץ ID ǤϤʤֹɽ
     ޤ

  o  ե饦ɤưƤץλˤ(ưƤ
     ϸ¤ޤ)

        $ CTRL-C

     Ϥޤ

  o  ե饦ɤưƤץߤˤ(Ʊ)

        $ CTRL-Z

     Ϥޤ

  o  ߤץХå饦ɤˤ(Υץϥ
     ֤ˤʤޤ)

        $ bg <job>

     Ȥޤ

  o  ֤ե饦ɤذܤˤ

        $ fg <job>

     Ȥޤ

  o  ֤򻦤ˤ

        $ kill <%job>

     Ȥޤ

     ǡ<job>  1, 2, 3, ... ʤɤֹǤΥޥɤ
     Ȥ뤳ȤǡǥΥեޥåȤʣեΰ̡ץ
     Υѥ롢֥եŸʤɤƱ˹Ԥʤʤ顢
     ˥ץץȤФơޥϤǽˤƤȤǤ
      DOS ǤäƤʤ! ޤWindows ǤäƤߤơ
     줯餤ǽ˰㤤뤫򸫤Τ򤤤Ǥ礦

  2.6.  Υ줿ˤ륳ԥ塼(⡼ȥԥ塼)ǥץ
  ¹Ԥ

  ۥ̾ remote.bigone.edu Υ⡼ȥԥ塼ǥץ¹
  ˤϡޤ

        $ telnet remote.bigone.edu

  ƤΥԥ塼˥󤷤ޤ

  󤹤йʥץưȤǤޤޤǤ⤢
  󤬡remote.bigone.edu ˤϤʤΥȤɬפǤ
  X11 ȤСX ѤΥץꥱ⡼ȥԥ塼Ǽ¹Ԥơ
  ɽ긵Υޥ X ɥβ̤˽Ϥ뤳ȤǽǤ
  remote.bigone.edu  X ɥư⡼ȥԥ塼
  local.linux.box 򤢤ʤ Linux ޥȤޤ local.linux.box 
  remote.bigone.edu ˤ X ΥץưˤϰʲΤ褦ˤ
  

  o  X11 ươxterm ƱΥߥʥ륨ߥ졼ưޤ(
     ܸȤ kterm ȤޤʲǤ xtermktermɤߤ
     )ơʲΤ褦Ϥޤ

        $ xhost +remote.bigone.edu
        $ telnet remote.bigone.edu

  o  remote.bigone.edu ˥󤷤ơʲΤ褦Ϥޤ

        remote:$ DISPLAY=local.linux.box:0.0
        remote:$ progname &

     (remote.bigone.edu  csh ϤΥ뤬äƤ DISPLAY=... 
      setenv DISPLAY local.linux.box:0.0 Ȥɬפ뤫Τ
     )

  ǡprogname  remote.bigone.edu ǵươ̤ʤ
  local.linux.box ɽޤǤ⡢ ppp Τ褦٤³ͳ
  ǤϤʤ̵Ǥ

  3.  ǥ쥯ȥλȤ

  3.1.  ǥ쥯ȥȤ: ñʾҲ

  ޤǤ DOS  Linux ǤΥեΰ㤤ˤĤƸƤޤǥ쥯
  ȥˤĤƤ⡢DOS Ǥϥ롼ȥǥ쥯ȥ \ ʤΤФơLinux 
   / ǤƱͤˡDOS ǤʣΥǥ쥯ȥ \ Ƕڤޤ
  Linux Ǥ / ǶڤޤեΥѥ򸫤Ƥߤޤ礦

        DOS:    C:\PAPERS\GEOLOGY\MID_EOC.TEX
        Linux:  /home/guido/papers/geology/mid_eocene.tex

  ̾.. Ͽƥǥ쥯ȥ򼨤ޤ. ϼʬκǥ쥯ȥ
  ɤǤ⼫ͳ cd  rd  md Ǥ櫓ǤϤʤ
  ˺ʤƥ˥󤹤ȳƥ桼ϥƥδԤ
  ѰդƤƼΡ֥ۡץǥ쥯ȥޤ㤨С
  PC ǤϡΥۡǥ쥯ȥˤ /home/guido Ǥ

  3.2.  ǥ쥯ȥε°

  ǥ쥯ȥˤƼε°ޤ`` °''ξϤǸֽ
  ͭԡס֥롼סס֤¾桼פȤʬϥǥ쥯ȥˤƱ
  ˤƤϤޤޤǥ쥯ȥξ硢 rx ϤΥǥ쥯ȥ cd Ǥ
  뤳Ȥ̣ w ϤΥǥ쥯ȥˤե롢뤤ϥǥ쥯
  ȥ꼫ȤǤ뤳Ȥ̣ޤ(ºݤ˥եǤ뤫ɤ
  ϡΥե뼫Ȥε°ˤäƷޤ뤳ȤϸޤǤ⤢ޤ
  )

  㤨С¾Υ桼 /home/guido/text ǥ쥯ȥʤ褦ˤ
  ˤ

        $ chmod o-rwx /home/guido/text

  Ȥޤ

  3.3.  ǥ쥯ȥޥɤ DOS  Linux б

        DOS         Linux
        -------------------------
        DIR     :   ls, find, du
        CD      :   cd, pwd
        MD      :   mkdir
        RD      :   rmdir
        DELTREE :   rm -R
        MOVE    :   mv

  Ĥ򤷤ᤷޤ

        DOS                                     Linux
        ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        C:\GUIDO>dir                             $ ls
        C:\GUIDO>dir file.txt                    $ ls file.txt
        C:\GUIDO>dir *.h *.c                     $ ls *.h *.c
        C:\GUIDO>dir/p                           $ ls | more
        C:\GUIDO>dir/a                           $ ls -l
        C:\GUIDO>dir *.tmp /s                    $ find / -name "*.tmp"
        C:\GUIDO>cd                              $ pwd
            ޤ󡣲Ρաפ򻲾       $ cd
            Ʊ                                 $ cd ~
            Ʊ                                 $ cd ~/temp
        C:\GUIDO>cd \other                       $ cd /other
        C:\GUIDO>cd ..\temp\trash                $ cd ../temp/trash
        C:\GUIDO>md newprogs                     $ mkdir newprogs
        C:\GUIDO>move prog ..                    $ mv prog ..
        C:\GUIDO>md \progs\turbo                 $ mkdir /progs/turbo
        C:\GUIDO>deltree temp\trash              $ rm -R temp/trash
        C:\GUIDO>rd newprogs                     $ rmdir newprogs
        C:\GUIDO>rd \progs\turbo                 $ rmdir /progs/turbo

  :

  1. rmdir ݤˤϡΥǥ쥯ȥ϶ǤʤФޤ󡣥ǥ
     ȥ򤽤ȤȺ硢 rm -R Ȥޤ(ʬǤǼ
     ԤƤ)

  2. (~)饯ϥۡǥ쥯ȥ򼨤ޤꤷʤ
     cd  cd ~ ȡɤˤ褦ȡʬΥۡǥ쥯ȥ˰ư
     ޤcd ~/tmp  /home/your_home/tmp ذưޤ

  3. cd - ľޤǤǥ쥯ȥޤ

  4.  եåԡϡɥǥʤɤΰ

  4.1.  ǥХ

  ŤȤϤޤޤ󤬡DOS  FORMAT A: ޥɤϸܤ
  äȤλŻ򤷤ƤޤºݡFORMAT ޥɤϡ1) ʪŪ
  ǥեޥåȤ2) A: ǥ쥯ȥ(= ե륷ƥ
  κ)3) ǥȤ褦˽(= ǥΥޥ)롢
  äϢκȤ򤷤Ƥޤ

  Linux Ǥϡ 3 ĤλŻϤ줾̡ˤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ
  åԡǥ MS-DOS եޥåȤǻȤȤϲǽǤMS-DOS
  եޥåȤξ硢Ĺե̾ȤʤΤǡ̤μΥեޥ
  ȤȤǤʲ˥ǥȤˡ򼨤ޤ(ʲΥ
  ϥ롼ȤǼ¹ԤʤФʤޤ)

  o  ɸ 1.44M եåԡǥեޥåȤ(A:)

        # fdformat /dev/fd0H1440

  o  ե륷ƥ롣

        # mkfs -t ext2 -c /dev/fd0H1440

     뤤

        # mformat a:

      MS-DOS ե륷ƥޤǥȤ˥ޥȤ
     ɬפޤ

  o  ǥޥȤˤϡ

        # mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt

     

        # mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt

     Ȥޤ

     ǥեåԡȥեȤꤹ뤳ȤǤޤȤ򽪤
     ƥǥȴˤϡޥȤʤФʤʤȤ˺
     ʤ

  o  ǥ򥢥ޥȤˤϡ

        # umount /mnt

     Ȥޤ

  ǥǥȴȤǽǤfdformat  mkfs ϺޤǻȤä
  ȤΤʤ̤եޥåȤΥǥˤΤɬפȤʤȤǤ B: ɥ饤
  Ȥ硢嵭 fd0H1440  fd0  fd1H1440  fd1 Ȥ
  Ƥ

  ƤС DOS Ǥ A:  B: ȤƻꤹȤ /mnt Ȥ
  ǥ쥯ȥ̾Ȥäƻꤹ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ򼨤ޤ

        DOS                                     Linux
        ---------------------------------------------------------------------
        C:\GUIDO>dir a:                          $ ls /mnt
        C:\GUIDO>copy a:*.*                      $ cp /mnt/* /docs/temp
        C:\GUIDO>copy *.zip a:                   $ cp *.zip /mnt/zip
        C:\GUIDO>a:                              $ cd /mnt
        A:>_                                     /mnt/$ _

  ޤǤʤեåԡǥǤǤ뤳Ȥ¾ΥǥХǤǽ
  㤨̤Υϡɥǥ CD-ROM ɥ饤֤ޥȤʤä
  硢CD-ROM ޥȤˤϥ롼ȤˤʤäưʲΤ褦˼¹Ԥޤ

        # mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt

  줬ָפˡǤեåԡ CD-ROM ޥȤ뤿Ӥ˥
  ȤˤʤΤݤʤΤḁ̇̄桼ޥȤǤ褦ȴƻѰ
  Ƥޤ

  o  롼Ȥˤʤä /mnt/a  /mnt/a: /mnt/cdrom ǥ쥯ȥ롣

  o  /etc/fstab ˰ʲΤ褦ʹԤä롣

        /dev/cdrom      /mnt/cdrom  iso9660 ro,user,noauto          0       0
        /dev/fd0        /mnt/a:     msdos   user,noauto             0       0
        /dev/fd0        /mnt/a      ext2    user,noauto             0       0

  ǰʲΤ褦˰̥桼Ǥ DOS եåԡ ext2 եåԡ
  CD-ROM ޥȤǤ褦ˤʤޤ

        $ mount /mnt/a:
        $ mount /mnt/a
        $ mount /mnt/cdrom

  /mnt/a  /mnt/a:/mnt/cdrom ƤΥ桼饢Ǥޤ롼
  Ȥˤʤ餺 /mnt/a ˽񤭤िˤϡö롼ȤˤʤäưʲΤ褦
  Ƥޤ

        # mount /mnt/a
        # chmod 777 /mnt/a
        # umount /mnt/a

  ̥桼˥ǥޥȲǽˤΤϥƥۡˤʤ꤫
  ͤʤȤ˺ʤ

  4.2.  Хåå

  ǥեåԡΰʬäȻפޤ˥Хååפμ
  ޤХååѤΥեȤ⤤Ĥޤ¡ʲ
  褦ˤʣΥեåԡ˥Хååפ뤳ȤǽǤ(롼
  ˤʤäƺȤ뤳ȤɬפǤ)

        # tar -M -cvf /dev/fd0H1440 /dir_to_backup

  餫եåԡɥ饤֤Ƥ¹ԤƤޤե
  ޥåȺѤΥեåԡʣѰդƤȤ⤪˺ʤ

  ХååפǡФˤϡǽΥեåԡɥ饤֤
  ơ

        # tar -M -xpvf /dev/fd0H1440

  Ȥޤ

  5.  ƥĴ

  5.1.  Ƽѥե

  DOS Ǥ AUTOEXEC.BAT  CONFIG.SYS  2 ĤΥե뤬ä˽פǤ
  Υեϵư˥ƥꤹ뤿Ѥ졢PATH
   FILES ȤäĶѿꤷꡢΥץХåե
  ¹ԤꤷޤLinux ˤϤä¿νѥե뤬
  ˤϡ鿴Ԥδ֤Ϥʤե⤢ޤǤ
  ʽѥե򤤤ĤҲ𤷤ޤ

        FILES                           NOTES
        ----------------------------------------------------------
        /etc/inittab                    ǤϿʤ
        /etc/rc.d/*                     Ʊ

  PATH 䤽¾δĶѿѤꡢΥå
  ˼ưŪ˼¹ԤץѤʤ顢ʲΥե
  Ĵ٤Ƥߤޤ礦

        FILES                           NOTES
        --------------------------------------------------------------
        /etc/issue                      login ɽå
        /etc/motd                       login ɽå
        /etc/profile                    PATH ʤɤδĶѿʤ
        /etc/bashrc                     ꥢե󥯥()

        /home/your_home/.bashrc         ѤΥꥢե󥯥
        /home/your_home/.bash_profile   ĶѿȼʬѤΥץεư
        /home/your_home/.profile        Ʊ

  嵭ΥꥹȤǡȾ˾Ҳ𤷤ե뤬ʬΥۡǥ쥯ȥ¸
  Ƥ(ϱեˤʤäƤ뤳Ȥ)
  ߤޤƻꤷޥɤ¹Ԥޤ

   --- ʲ˼ .profile 򸫤Ƥ

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # ϥȤǤ
  echo Environment:
  printenv | less   # equivalent of command SET under DOS
  alias d='ls -l'   # easy to understand what an alias is
  alias up='cd ..'
  echo "I remind you that the path is "$PATH
  echo "Today is `date`"  # use the output of command 'date'
  echo "Have a good day, "$LOGNAME
  # ϥؿǤ
  ctgz() # List the contents of a .tar.gz archive.
  {
    for file in $*
    do
      gzip -dc ${file} | tar tf -
    done
  }
  # end of .profile
  ______________________________________________________________________

  PATH  LOGNAME ɤĶѿˤʤäƤޤʳˤ⤵
  ޤʴĶѿޤ㤨 less Υޥ˥奢 RMP ƤߤƤ
  

  5.2.  Ƽץѽե

  Linux ǤϡۤƤΤȤʤ褦ǤޤۤȤɤΥץ
  ˼ͳǤİʾѥե뤬ѰդƤޤ
  ѥեϤФ .prognamerc Ȥ̾ǤʤΥۡǥ쥯
  ѰդƤޤޤä˽ʤѥեϰʲΤ
  ʤΤǤ礦

  .inputrc bash ΥХǥ󥰤˻Ȥޤ

  .xinitrc startx  X ɥν˻Ȥޤ

  .fvwmrc fvwm ɥޥ͡ѤեǤץ
  /usr/lib/X11/fvwm/system.fvwmrc ˤޤ

  .Xdefault X Ѥüߥ졼 rxvt ʤɤȤޤ

  Ƥᤤ˻ȤޥɤˤĤƤ RMP Ƥ

  6.  ñʥץߥ

  6.1.  륹ץ: 줿 .BAT ե

  DOS ΥХåե(.BAT ե)Ĺޥɥ饤Υ硼ȥ
  ȤΤˤ褯Ѥޤ(Ϥˤ褯Ȥޤ)Linux 
  Ƽ拾ޥɤؤΥ硼ȥåȤˤϡŬڤ alias Ԥ profile 
  .profile ˵ܤޤ(嵭򸫤Ƥ)Ǥ⡢Хåե
  ʣŪ˻ȤäƤʤ饷ΥץȵǽȤΤ
  礦Υץȵǽ QBasic ƱεǽäƤޤ
  륹ץȤѿ while, for, case, if... then... else Ȥä
  湽¤ʤɡ¿εǽäƤޤ륹ץȤ¿ξ
  ʪפΥץ˻Ȥޤ

  륹ץ --- DOS  .BAT եƱʪ --- 񤯤ˤϡɬ
  ʻؼ¤٤̾Υեꡢ֤ chmod +x
  <scriptfile> ȤƼ¹ԵĤͿޤ¹ԤˤϤΥե̾
  Ϥޤ

  դƤޤȡƥ°Υǥ̾ vi Ǥ
  иȡۤȤɤο桼ˤ vi ϻȤŤ餤褦Ǥ
   vi ϹǤϤʤȤäƤ⤤ʤΤǡǤϻȤϤ
  󤬡ɬפʤ Matt Welsh  ``Linux installation...'' 򻲾Ȥ
  (X ưʤ joe  emacs Τ褦̤ΥǥȤ
  Ȼפޤ)Ǥ vi ˤĤƤϰʲΥޥɤƤ
  

  o  ƥȤϤˤϡޤ 'i' ϤƤºݤΥƥȤ
     롣

  o  ֤ vi λˤ <ESC> 򲡤Ƥ :q!  ϡ

  o  ֤ƽλˤ <ESC> 򲡤 :wq ϡ

  bash ΥץȤνˤĤƤϤܤɬפˤʤΤǡ
  ǤϤʾϿ줺ˡŪʻȤʬ륵ץ륹ץȤ
  ˤƤޤ

  ______________________________________________________________________

  #!/bin/sh
  # 륹ץȤΥץ
  # ϥȹ
  # 1 ܤѹʤȡ#!/bin/sh 1ܤˤʤȤޤ
  echo "This system is: `uname -a`" # use the output of the command
  echo "My name is $0" # built-in variables
  echo "You gave me the following $# parameters: "$*
  echo "First parameter is: "$1
  echo -n "What's your name? " ; read your_name
  echo look the difference: "hi $your_name" # quoting with "
  echo look the difference: 'hi $your_name' # quoting with '
  DIRS=0 ; FILES=0
  for file in `ls .` ; do
    if [ -d ${file} ] ; then # if file is a directory
      DIRS=`expr $DIRS + 1`  # DIRS = DIRS + 1
    elif [ -f ${file} ] ; then
      FILES=`expr $FILES + 1`
    fi
    case ${file} in
      *.gif|*jpg) echo "${file}: graphic file" ;;
      *.txt|*.tex) echo "${file}: text file" ;;
      *.c|*.f|*.for) echo "${file}: source file" ;;
      *) echo "${file}: generic file" ;;
    esac
  done
  echo "there are ${DIRS} directories and ${FILES} files"
  ls | grep "ZxY--!!!WKW"
  if [ $? != 0 ] ; then # exit code of last command
    echo "ZxY--!!!WKW not found"
  fi
  echo "enough... type 'man bash' if you want more info."
  ______________________________________________________________________

  6.2.  C ǤΥץ

  Unix Ǥϡˤ餺ƥ C Ǥ¾θ
  (FORTRAN, Pascal, Lisp, Basic, Perl, awk...)ѲǽǤ

  Ǥ C ˤĤƤϸ¸ΤΤȤȤơǤ Turbo C++ 䤽ο̤
  ȤäȤ͸ˤĤΥɥ饤Ҳ𤷤ޤLinux Ǥ
  C ѥ gcc ǡDOS  C ѥդƤ褦Ķ
  饤󡦥إסǥХåतϰڤޤ gcc ñʤ
  ޥɥ饤󡦥ѥǤƶϤĸΨŪǤɸŪ
  hello.c ץ򥳥ѥ뤹ˤ

        $ gcc hello.c

  Ȥޤη̡a.out ȸƤФ¹Էޤ¹Է
  ̤̾դʤ顢

        $ gcc -o hola hello.c

  Τ褦ˤޤ

  餫Υ饤֥󥯤 -l<libname> åդޤ
  㤨Сإ饤֥󥯤ʤ

        $ gcc -o mathprog mathprog.c -lm

  Ȥޤ

  (-l<libname> åȤ gcc  /usr/lib/lib<libname>.a Ȥ̾
  Υ饤֥󥯤ޤǤ顢-lm ꤹ
  /usr/lib/libm.a 󥯤ޤ)

  ñʥץʤФǽʬǤѥ뤹ץबʣ
  Υե뤫ǤƤ硢make Ȥ桼ƥƥȤ
  ŪǤ餫Υѡ񤤤ƤȤޤ礦Υ
   parser.c ȤեˤʤäƤꡢ parser.h  xy.h  2 Ĥ
  ե򥤥󥯥롼ɤޤơ calc.c Ȥץ
  parser.c ˤ롼Ȥʤޤcalc.c  parser.h 
  󥯥롼ɤޤơcalc.c 򥳥ѥ뤹ˤϤɤФ
  礦?

  ξ硢makefile ȸƤФե񤯤ΤǤ礦 makefile
  ϥѥ˥եȥ֥ȥեΰ¸ط򶵤
  ǤϰʲΤ褦ˤʤޤ

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # calc.c 򥳥ѥ뤹뤿 makefile
  # Ŭڤʾ <TAB> Ϥ뤳!

  calc: calc.o parser.o
  <TAB>gcc -o calc calc.o parser.o -lm
  # calc ˤ calc.o  parser.o ɬ

  calc.o: calc.c parser.h
  <TAB>gcc -c calc.c
  # calc.o ˤ 2 ĤΥե뤬ɬ

  parser.o:  parser.c parser.h xy.h
  <TAB>gcc -c parser.c
  # parser.o ˤ 3 ĤΥե뤬ɬ

  # Ǥ
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Υե makefile Ȥ̾¸

        $ make

  Ȥȡץबѥ뤵ޤ뤤 calc.mak Ȥ̾
  ¸ơ

        $ make -f calc.mak

  Ȥ뤳ȤǽǤܺ٤ˤĤƤ RMP Ƥ

  man ڡ 3 Ϥˤ C δؿˤĤƤޤ

        $ man 3 printf

  Linux ˤϤޤޤʼΥ饤֥꤬Ƥޤޤǽ˾Ҳ
  ٤ϥƥȥ⡼ɤǳƼθ̤Ф ncurses 饤֥ȥ
  եåѤ svgalib Ǥ礦X ץĩ魯ͦ
  СXForms 饤֥( bloch.phys.uwm.edu:/pub/xforms) /뤤
  MGUI 饤֥( www.volftp.vol.it:/IT/IT/ITALIANI/MORELLO/index.htm)
  ꤷƤߤޤ礦 2 ĤΥ饤֥ X ǤΥץ򤺤ä
  ñˤƤޤܡĶ̵Ⱥͤ
  sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/apps/editors/ Ǥ xwpe 
  Ǥ¿ϤꤽǤ

  7.  Ĥ 1 %

  7.1.  ۥκ

  ŪˤϡLinux  4M  RAM ưϤǤ꤬¿¿
  ۤɡäȤʤȤǤ褦ˤʤޤX ɥư
  ˤϺǤ 8M Υ꤬ɬפǤX ɥŬ˻Ȥˤ 16M
  Υ꤬ɬפǤ礦X ɥܸŬ˻Ȥˤϡ32M 
  ꤬ߤʤޤ⤦ 8M ʬβۥ(åץե)
  ˤϡ롼ȤˤʤäưʲΤ褦ˤƤ

        # dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=8192
        # mkswap /swapfile 8192
        # sync
        # swapon /swapfile

  ǸιԤ /etc/rc.d/rc.local ˲äƼϵư˥åץե
  Ȥ褦ˤޤ礦뤤ϡ/etc/fstab ˰ʲΤ褦˲äˡ
  ⤢ޤ

        /swapfile   swap   swap   defaults

  7.2.  tar &  gzip λȤ

  Unix ǹȤƤ륢֤Ȱ̤ΤΥץ
  tar gzip Ǥtar ϥ֤뤿˻Ȥޤtar  PKZIP
  ˻Ƥޤ̵ǽϻ֥եǤ
  ֥եˤϡ

        $ tar -cvf <archive_name.tar> <file> [file...]

  Ȥޤ֥ե뤫եФˤ

        $ tar -xpvf <archive_name.tar> [file...]

  Ȥޤ֥եȤɽˤϡ

        $ tar -tf <archive_name.tar> | less

  Ȥޤ

  ե򰵽̤ˤ compress  gzip Ȥޤ compress ϻ
  ΥץǤ줫ϤޤȤʤʤǤ礦

  ե򰵽̤ˤϰʲΤ褦ˤޤ

        $ compress <file>
        $ gzip <file>

  ǳĥҤ .Z(compressξ) .gz(gzipξ) ΰ̤ե
  뤬ޤΥץϰ٤˰ĤΥե뤷̤Ǥ
  ޤ󡣰̤եŸˤϰʲΤ褦ˤޤ

        $ compress -d <file.Z>
        $ gzip -d <file.gz>

  ܺ٤ˤĤƤ RMP 뤳ȡ

  unarj  zipunzip (PK??ZIP ߴ)Ȥäץ⤢
  .tar.gz  .tgz ȤĥҤĥե(tar ǥ֤Ƥ
   gzip ǰ̤ե) DOS  .ZIP եΤ褦 Unix 
  ǻȤƤ륢֥ե򰵽̤Ǥ.tar.gz 
  Ȥɽˡ򼨤ޤ

        $ gzip -dc <file.tar.gz> | tar tf - | less

  ǶGNU tarǤ tar ˥եΰ/ŸǽȤߤޤƤꡢ -z
  ץɲä뤳Ȥǰ/ŸǽǤ

        $ tar -cvzf <archivename.tar.gz> file [file...]  (̤ƥ)
        $ tar -xvzf <archivename.tar.gz> file [file...]  (̥֤Ÿ)
        $ tar -tzvf <archivename.tar.gz> | less          (̥֤Υꥹ)

  7.3.  ץꥱΥ󥹥ȡ

  ޤǽ: Ƽ諒եȥ򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹Τϥ롼ȤλŻ
  .tar.gz  .tgz ηۤƤ륢ץꥱ̾綠
  ޤޥ󥹥ȡǤ褦ˤʤäƤΤǡ롼Ȥˤʤä / ǥ쥯
  ȥǰʲΤ褦ˤХ󥹥ȡǤޤ

        # gzip -dc <file.tar.gz> | tar xvf -

  Ÿ줿եǥ쥯ȥ˥󥹥ȡ뤵졢ɬפʤ
  ǥ쥯ȥ꤬ưŪ˺ޤSlackware ȤäƤ硢
  pkgtool ȤȤǽǤ⤦ġRed Hat ۤƤƤ
  rpm Ȥ⤢ޤ

  / ǥ쥯ȥ꤫ϥ󥹥ȡ뤹٤Ǥʤץ⤢ޤ㤨
  С֥ե pkgname/ Ȥǥ쥯ȥ꤬äơ¿
  ե롢/뤤ϡ֥ǥ쥯ȥ꤬ pkgname/ ʲˤ褦ʾ
  ǤΥץ /usr/local ʲ˥󥹥ȡ뤹Τ
  Ǥ礦äơC  C++ Υեηή̤Ƥ륽ե
  ⤢ޤϥѥ뤷Ƽ¹Էɬפޤ
  ѥȤäƤ⡢ۤȤɤξ make ϤǤ
  󡢤Υեȥ򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹ˤ gcc ѥ餬ɬפ
  

  7.4.  ɬܤΥƥ˥å

  ޥɤ䴰: ޤϤޥɤˤ <TAB> 
  ޤ㤨Сgcc this_is_a_long_name.c Ϥ٤硢gcc
  thi<TAB> ȤСĤϼưŪ䴰Ƥ礬ޤ(Ʊʸ
  ǻϤޤե뤬ʣϡĤ˳ǤޤǤʬϤ
  ɬפޤ)

  ե: SHIFT + PAGE UP(ƤΥ)򲡤Сڡʬ
  ̤ե뤷ޤڡʬ뤫ϻȤäƤӥǥ
  ¸ޤ

  ̤Υꥻå: more  cat ǥХʥեɽƤޤȡ
  ʤ뤫Τޤ󡣤ξ硢ʲΥޥɤ(Ϥɽ
  ʤΤޤ)ϤƲ̤ꥻåȤޤ

  echo CTRL-V ESC c RETURN

  ԤڤŽ: 󥽡ξϼ򸫤ƤX ξ硢 xterm 
  ǡɬפʬƬǥޥκܥ򥯥åơΤޤɬפ
  ʬޥ򤷤ޤɬפʬ򤹤СܥΥơƥ
  ȤŽդʬ˥ޥưޤƥȤŽդ
  ǥޥοΥܥ(2 ܥ󼰤ΥޥʤĤΥܥƱ)
  ȡʬ򤷤ƥȤŽդ(ڡ) 
  xclipboard Ȥץ⤢ޤ(ǰʤȤ˥ƥȤˤ
  Ƥޤ)xclipboard ȿϤȤƤ٤Τǡȿʤʤ֤
  ƤʤƤ⹲ƤʤǤ

  ޥλȤ: X Ȥʤ󥽡̤ǥޥȤ硢 gpm
  Ȥޥɥ饤Ф򥤥󥹥ȡ뤷ޤɬפʤȤƬǥޥ
  ܥ򥯥åʤɬפϰϤޥ򤷡ܥ򥯥
  ʬŽĤޤϰۤʤ벾ۥ󥽡֤Ǥ
  Ȥޤ

  ͥ뤫Υå : ͥ뤬ϤƤå򸫤
  ϡ롼Ȥˤʤä/var/adm/messages  /var/log/messages 򸫤Ƥ
  ˤϵưΥå¸Ƥޤ

  7.5.  Ωĥץȥޥ

  ʲ˼ꥹȤϻθĿŪʹߤɬ˴ŤΤǤߤʤ
  ϴ˥ͥåȥդλ archie  ftp λȤΤäƤǤ礦
  顢ΥץꤹȤưʲ Linux ˤȤäƤä
  פ 3 ĤΥɥ쥹򼨤ޤϡ sunsite.unc.edu,
  tsx-11.mit.edu, nic.funet.fi Ǥ

  ΥȤˤ¿Υߥ顼ȤΤǤ᤯Υߥ顼Ȥ
  Ȥ㤨СǤ KDD Lab  ftp.hitachi.co.jp
  ftp.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jpʤɤߥ顼ȤˤʤäƤޤ

  o  at Ȥлꤷ˥ץ¹Ԥ뤳ȤǤޤ

  o  awk ϡñǤϤʥǡե(ǤϤޤ)
     Ǥ㤨 data.dat Ȥǡե뤬硢

        $ awk '$2 ~ "abc" {print $1, "\t", $4}' data.dat

     ȤСdata.dat γƹԤΤ2 ܤΥǡ ``abc'' Ȥʸ
     󤬤ƹԤ 1 ܤ 4 ܤΥǡɽޤ

  o  delete-undelete ̾μ̤Ǥ

  o  df ϥޥȤƤǥ̤ɽޤ

  o  dosemu (ƤǤϤޤ)ޤޤ DOS Υץ¹Բ
     ǽˤޤιפɬפǤ Windows 3.x ưޤ

  o  file <filename>  filename (ƥȥե롢¹Է
     ֡)ɽޤ

  o  find (``dir'' ξϤ⸫Ƥ)ϤäȤ⶯ϤͭѤʥޥɤΰ
     ĤǤ礦Υޥɤϡޤޤħĥե򸫤Ĥ
     ơꤷԤʤޤ find ΰŪʻȤϰʲ̤
     Ǥ

        $ find <directory> <expression>

      <expression> õܤˡꤷޤ㤨С

        $ find . -type l -exec ls -l {} \;

     ȤСȥǥ쥯ȥʲˤ륷ܥå󥯤ˤʤä
     ե򸫤Ĥơ줾Υɽޤ

        $ find / -name "*.old" -ok rm {} \;

     Ǥ ``.old'' Ȥե̾ĥե򸫤Ĥƺ
     ޤݤ˳ǧޤ

        $ find . -perm +111

     Ǥϼ¹ԵĤꤵƤե򸫤Ĥޤ

        $ find . -user root

     Ǥϥ롼ȥ桼ͭԤΥեɽޤ¾ˤ⤵
     ޤޤʻˡޤΤǡܺ٤ˤĤƤ RMP Ƥ

  o  gnuplot Ϥޤޤʥǡ򥰥ղͥ줿ץǤ

  o  grep ϥեλꤷѥ˰פԤɽޤ㤨
     С

        $ grep -l "geology" *.tex

     ȤС*.tex ΥեΤ``geology'' Ȥޤե
     ɽޤzgrep  gzip ǰ̤եⰷޤ
     ٤ˤĤƤ RMP Ƥ

  o  gzexe ϼ¹Է򰵽̤̤ޤ޼¹Բǽˤޤ

  o  joe ͥ줿ǥǤjstar Ȥޥ̾ǤΥץ
     ư WordStar 䤽θѼԤǤ DOS ܡɤ Turbo 
     ꡼ΥǥƱͤΥХǥ󥰤¸Ǥޤ(ǰʤ
     ΥǥܸɽǤޤ)

  o  less ϥƥȤ򸫤ɤΥġǤ礦ꤹСgzip
     줿ե tar ե롢zip Υեʤɤ⸫뤳Ȥ
     ǽǤless ܸեɽ硢Ķѿ LESSCHARSET
     ˺줺ꤷƤ

  o  lpr <file> ϥեХå饦ɤǥץȤޤץȤ
     Ԥξ֤åˤ lpq ȤޤԤ󤫤
     ˤ lprm Ȥޤ

  o  mc Ϥ줿եޥ͡ǤƱͤΥեޥ͡Ȥ
     ơܸΥե̾ĥեǤ FD ޤ

  o  pine Ϥ줿 e-mail ץǤmnews ϥͥåȥ˥塼 e-
     mail ɤ߽񤭤Ǥޤ

  o  script <script_file>  ϲ̽Ϥ script_file ˥ԡޤλ
     Τ exit ǤǥХåʵǽǤ礦

  o  sudo ϰ̥桼˥롼ȸ¤λŻǽˤޤ(㤨Хǥ
     եޥåȤޥȡܺ٤ RMP Τ)

  o  uname -a ϥƥˤĤƤξɽޤ

  o  zcat  zless  gzip ǰ̤Ƥƥȥե򰵽̤
     ޸뤳ȤǤޤȤǽǤ

        $ zless textfile.gz
        $ zcat textfile.gz | lpr

  o  ʲ˼ޥɤǤbc, cal, chsh, cmp, cut, fmt, head,
     hexdump, nl, passwd, printf, sort, split, strings, tac, tail, tee,
     touch, uniq, w, wall, wc, whereis, write, xargs, znew ƥޥɤ
     ƤˤĤƤ RMP Ƥ

  7.6.  ŪʳĥҤդȴطץ

  ʲ˥եΤ褦ʣʤΤĥҤդΰŪʥ롼
  򼨤ޤ

  o  .1 ... .8  man ڡǤ뤿ˤ man ޤ

  o  .arj  arj Ǻä֤ǤŸˤ unarj Ȥ
     

  o  .dvi  TeX ()νϷǤ̤ɽˤ xdvi Ȥ
     ݥȥץȷ .ps Ѵˤ dvips Ȥޤ
     ܸä dvi եξ硢jdvi2kps ܸ첽줿 dvi2ps
     Ȥޤ

  o  .gif ϥեåǡǤˤ seejpeg  xpaint Ȥ
     Ǥ xv ϤޤޤʷΥեåǡ
     ɽ뤳ȤǽǤ

  o  .gz  gzip Ǻḁ̈եǤ

  o  .info  INFO (man ڡˤʤ)ΥեǤȤ
     ˤ info ꤷƤ

  o  .jpg .jpeg ϥեåեǤɽˤseejpeg 
     ޤxv ǤɽǤޤ

  o  .lsm  Linux Software Map ΥȥǤ̾Υƥȥե
     ǡΥեȥˤĤƤޤ

  o  .ps ϥݥȥץȷΥեǤ̤ɽϤ
     ˤ gs 뤤 ghostview Ȥޤ

  o  .tgz, .tar.gz  tar Ǻä֤ gzip ǰ̤ե
     Ǥ

  o  .tex  TeX ΥեǤTeX ϶Ϥʥץåȥץ
     ǤTeX Ȥˤ͡ʼΤ tex ѥå򥤥󥹥ȡ
     Ƥ Slackware96 ΥС˴ޤޤƤ
     NTeX ϥեȤƤΤդ뤳ȡ

  o  .texi  texinfo Υե(info ӤƤ)Ǥ
     Ȥˤ texinfo ɬפǤ

  o  .xbm, .xpm, .xwd ϥեåǡǤxpaint Ȥޤxv
     ǤɽǤޤ

  o  .Z  compress Ǻḁ̈եǤ

  o  .zip  zip ḁ̈եǤzip  unzip ꤷƤ
     

  8.  Ȥꤢޤ

  ǤȤ Unix ΰüįơLinux ǻŻǤ褦ˤ
  ޤǾҲ𤷤ΤϤ¤줿μǤꡢLinux Ŭ˻
  ʤ褦ˤʤˤɬפʤȤ˺ʤɬפʥ
  եȥ켰ꤷơȤϤСǼμǽʬ
  ֤˹礦ϤǤ

  ï⤬äƤ褦 Linux ڤߤʤ顢ޤޤʤȤؤǤ
  ȤˤʤǤ礦DOS ɬפϤϤ䤢ޤ󡣤ʸ񤯤
  Ȥǡ伫ȤμǤޤ㤨 34 ͤɼԤʤƤ⡢
  ʸïΩĤȤ˾Ǥޤ

  8.1.  ɽ(Copyright)

  Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
  their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
  distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
  as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
  redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
  like to be notified of any such distributions.

  All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
  any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
  That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
  additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
  may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
  HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.

  In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
  as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
  on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
  redistribute the HOWTOs.

  If you have questions, please contact Greg Hankins, the Linux HOWTO
  coordinator, at gregh@sunsite.unc.edu via email.

  ¾Ƥʤ¤ꡢLinux HOWTO Ϥ줾Ԥͭ
  ƤޤɽƤ˻ĤƤ¤ꡢHOWTO Ρ⤷
  ʬŪˡʪŪŵŪˡǥԡۤ뤳Ȥ
  ޤŪۤǽǿ侩ޤΤ褦ʾԤ˰
  Ƥ褦ꤤޤ

  Linux HOWTO  HOWTO ʸ񡢤뤤 HOWTO 򽸤᤿
  ʸ񽸤ʤɤ⤳ɽ˽ɬפޤʤHOWTO 
  ʸä硢ʸۤ HOWTO ε˽
  ¤ä뤳ȤϤǤޤ󡣰ξΤȤ㳰֤ǽǤΤǡ
  ܺ٤ˤĤƤϰʲ˼ Linux HOWTO Υǥ͡ϢƤ
  

  ñ˸ȡ䤿ϤΥ̤ͥƾ򹭤
  ȹͤƤޤʤ顢HOWTO ʸˤꤷƤꡢ
  HOWTO ۤײˤĤƤϤ餫ϢƤȴäƤ
  ޤ

  䤬 Linux HOWTO Υǥ͡Ǥ Greg Hankins
  <gregh@sunsite.unc.edu> ޤ e-mail ϢƤ

  8.2.  Ǥ

  ``From DOS to Linux HOWTO''  Guido Gonzato guido@ibogfs.df.unibo.it
  񤭤ޤ``Linux Installation and Getting Started'' ԡMatt
  Welsh``Linux frequently asked questions with answers''  Ian
  Jackson ``Linux''  Giuseppe Zanetti ˴դޤޤ᡼
  ǿʤȤ򶵤Ƥ줿˴դޤȤ櫓 Linux ä
  Linus Torvalds  GNU ˴դޤ

  ʸϡ֤Τޤ(as is)פη󶡤ޤǽʸ¤ΤǤ
  褦̳ƤޤʸˤȤȤϼʬǤǼ¹Ԥ
  Ƥʸξ˽äʤ㳲ˤǤ餤ޤ
  

  եɥХå򴿷ޤޤΥꥯȤơե졼
  ɤʤɤϼͳäƤ

  Linux ȿڤǤ͡

  Guido   =8-)

