








			       DNS HOWTO 

		   : Nicolai Langfeldt janl@math.uio.no

			 : Asd L. Chen & C.W.Huang

		v1.4.2, 1 January 1998 : 8 January 1998



				   Abstract

     γΪһְС DNS ߣ



1.  ǰ

ؼ: DNS, bind, named, dialup, ppp, slip, Internet, domain, name, hosts,
resolving

1.1  Ȩ

(C)opyright 1995 Nicolai Langfeldt.  Do not modify without amending copyright,
distribute freely but retain copyright message.

û޶Ȩ޸ģɢ뱣ȨѶϢ

1.2  л

ҪĶļĲݸ岢ṩý Arnt Gulbrandsen
л֮⣮ ҲҪлЩĸҵˣ

ļԶɵһ죬Լɹľĸң
ʹΪһݸõ˵ļǮԼ/ĸ
janl@ifi.uio.no
ŸҲϣõشֻòȷŵַȷҿģ
УдŸǰĶ FAQ (section 9., page 26) һڣ

뷭ƪ HOWTO 磬Ҳ֪ҵ±ɺ :-).

1.3  ״

˵ļ׸ Anne Line Norheim
LangfeldtȻԶĶļΪ͵Ů


2.  

ʲԼⲻʲ

ȣDNS ϵͳ(Domain Name System)


DNS HOWTO 							      1





DNS HOWTO 							      2



ΪĹԼЩתΪ IP ֵ壮  HOWTO
ļ˵ Linux ĶӦ Ӧָµϵƣ
ftp.linux.org Լ IP ֣ 199.249.150.4

DNS(㣻)ԣ·бȽϻްĵط֮һ
˵ļüһ㣮һ򵥵 DNS
ŷ ʼ˵ݴר(caching
only)ŷȻΪһҪ(primary)ŷ
춸ӵ趨Բοļ FAQ (section 9., page 26) һڣ
˵㽫Ķļ ҽ һ (section 10., page 27)
عͷ˵νļЩ

Կʼ֮ǰӦҪúĻԱԴԶǩԼԶǩ룬
ʹиֶ·߶ܳɹؽУӦҪܹ 127.0.0.1
Զǩ벢ҽԼ̨(ھ!) ͬʱҲҪһõ
/etc/host.conf, /etc/resolv.conf Լ /etc/hosts Ϊʼ
ΪҽǵĹܣ㻹ûЩ趨ʹ
the networking/NET-2 HOWTO ǣĶ֮

ʹ SLIP  PPP ҪĻĶ PPP
HOWTO

˵Ļʱҵ˼Ҫ DNS	̨
κο·

Ҽ㲢Ǵκλ谭Ʋѯķǽ森㽫Ҫر趨
μ FAQ (section 9., page 26) һڣ

 Unix ϵƷǽһ֧Ϊ named ĳʽִеģ  bind
׼һݣ׼ Paul Vixie Ϊ·弯(Internet Software Con
sortium)Эչģ 󲿷ֵ Linux ׼ namedͨװ
/usr/sbin/named ϵͳи named
ſֱʹûеĻԴĳ Linux ftp
վȡһݶλִеǴ ftp.isc.org:/isc/bind/src/cur/
Ŀ¼ȡԭʼʽ룮 ļ˵ bind version 4 ģ㰲װ
version 8 ҪԼ취һڿܻЩ

DNS Ǹ·ΪΧ(net-wide)Ͽ⣮ҪСŽϣ
Щȥ㣬Լ˶ȡЩ  DNS
һ㽫ܴȡõķ
ѧϰȥʹ׷Ĵ㽫һ·ΪƶЧʵĺùߣ

ļҶȻȫʵ(Ȼһ)
ȫΪ˼򻯣˵Щž

Ҫ: ѾӵҪȥıĵЩҪݣ
һЩı֮ûжᶯĻԻظɵģΣ


3.  ݴרŷ

DNS õֳԣԲʹ߷ǳã

һ̨ݴרŷΪƲѯҳ𰸲һҪǸƵʱǵô𰸣








DNS HOWTO 							      3



ҪһΪ /etc/named.boot ĵ named ʱȡ
ĿǰӦõذ:

     ;	Boot file for nicolais caching name server
     ;
     directory /var/named
     ;
     ; type	     domain			     source file or host
     cache	     .				     root.cache
     primary	     0.0.127.in-addr.arpa	     pz/127.0.0

ǳҪ:
ļĳЩ汾бڵһǿհԪǰһЩո tab
 ЩӦóڵУ HOWTO
ǵɾκǰĿհף

`directory' һи named
ȥѰĵ춴Ŀ¼ģ  Linux
ϵͳ׼ȷĿ¼Ӧ /var/named  pz λ /var/named
֮µģҲǣ/var/named/pz

Ϊ /var/named/root.cache ڴģ  /var/named/root.cache
Ӧð:

      .       518400  NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518400  NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
     ;
     D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     128.8.10.90
     E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     192.203.230.10
     I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     192.36.148.17
     F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     192.5.5.241
     G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     192.112.36.4
     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     198.41.0.4
     H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     128.63.2.53
     B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     128.9.0.107
     C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 A	     192.33.4.12

ס˵ҪȥհԪ!

ϵĸŷʱı䲢ұά
ܱʱμάƪ (section 6., page 21)  named
ʹֲ⣬ҿʺЩѾ˽ named
ǣ

 named.boot һ primary һУ
ҽ½÷ĿǰֻҪΪ pz Ŀ¼һΪ
127.0.0 ĵ:








DNS HOWTO 							      4



     @		     IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
				     1	     ; Serial
				     28800   ; Refresh
				     7200    ; Retry
				     604800  ; Expire
				     86400)  ; Minimum TTL
			     NS      ns.linux.bogus.
     1			     PTR     localhost.

Ҫһݿ /etc/resolv.conf :

     search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu
     nameserver 127.0.0.1

`search' һָκӦѰ `nameserver'
һָĻĸλַҵһ̨ŷ
Լ̨Ϊִ named
гüŷǶһ `nameserver' ÿո
(ע: named Ӳȡʹ named ƽȡ)

˵һʲ: ĳͻ˳ҪѰ foo Ļ
ȳԵ foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu ƣ Ȼ
foo.your-fomain.edu ƣ foo ƣ
ĳͻ˳ҪѰ sunsite.unc.edu Ļ ȳԵ sun
site.unc.edu.subdomain.your-domain.edu (û汿!
) Ȼ sunsite.unc.edu.your-domain.edu
ƣ sunsite.unc.edu ƣ ̫ܲ search
ȥѰǻ໨ʱ䣮

 subdomain.your-domain.edu 
ĻܻΪ your-machine.subdomain.your-domain.edu  search
ﲻӦð TLD ( Top Level Domain edu
)
㾭Ҫߵһ԰Ѹؼӽ search
:

     search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com

ƣԵ÷ʵȡЩƣעƵ沢ûо
'.'

 libc 汾ĲͬҪ /etc/nsswitch.conf  /etc/host.conf


/etc/nsswitch.conf

һܳĵָδȥȡøֲ̬ͬʲᵵϿȡã
Ķ˾һЩõע⣮ҳ `hosts:'
ΪͷһУӦ:

     hosts:	 files dns

û `hosts:' Ϊͷһмȥ
˵ʽӦ /etc/hosts ѰȻ resolv.conf ѯ DNS








DNS HOWTO 							      5



/etc/host.conf

ܰУӦһ order Ϊʼ:

     order hosts,bind

û `order'	һеĻӦһȥ
ƽʽ /etc/hosts ѰȻŷ (
resolv.conf ˵ 127.0.0.1 ط) ڴ󲿷 Linux
׼ļ resolv(8) ʹֲ(ִ `man 8 resolv'
) ֲҾÿɿÿˣر DNS
ߣӦҪĶ
ھԼ˵"Ὣȥ"㽫Զȥӽ

3.1  ʼ named

ЩȫͿʼ named ˣʹòߵĻ·
 `ndc start'  Ұ RETURN ûѡ еĻʹ
`/usr/sbin/ndc start' ȡ ٲеĻο FAQ (section 9., page 26)
һڣ Բ趨ʼ named ʱ۲һ (ʹ tail
-f /var/adm/messages ָ)ϵͳ¼ѶϢ (ͨǳΪ /var/adm/messages
ĵҲ /var/log £ǽ syslog ĵ)
ӦûῴһЩ:

     Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: starting.  named 4.9.4-REL Sun Jun 30 21:29:03 MET DST 1996   janl@roke.slip.ifi.uio.no:/var/tmp/bind/named
     Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: cache zone "" loaded (serial 0)
     Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: primary zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" loaded (serial 1)

κι춴ѶϢи named
ָдĵ( named.boot Լ root.cache ֮һ:-) ɱ named
򲢻ͷЩ

ڿ nslookup һĹ:

     $ nslookup
     Default Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     >

õĻӦѾܹϣõκӦͷÿһ£
ÿһı named.boot ֮㶼ʹ ndc restart ָʼ named
ʽ

ѯѰĳЩĻpat.uio.no ҲԶ Oslo
Ĵѧ:

     > pat.uio.no
     Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     Name:    pat.uio.no
     Address:  129.240.2.50









DNS HOWTO 							      6



 nslookup Ҫ named Ѱ pat.uio.no ̨ Ȼ(named)ϵ
root.cache ָŷһ̨
Ҵμȥȡý֮ǰܵûһʱ䣬
ΪѰ /etc/resolv.conf ָ

һεĻ㽫õ:

     > pat.uio.no
     Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     Non-authoritative answer:
     Name:    pat.uio.no
     Address:  129.240.2.50

עõ `Non-authoritative answer:' һУ  named
˴βδ·ȥʣȡ֮ݴѰҵ𰸣
ݴѶܻʱ `Non-authorative answer:'
֪(΢)ΣԴڣ  nslookup
˵ڶβĳ̨ʱ named ݴѶһѶϢ
ʹ `exit' ָ뿪 nslookup ʽ

Ǹ(ppp, slip) ʹĶר (section 8., page
24)һЩĽ飮

֪һܹݴ named
ϵͳơƣţ̣κϲĶףɣ


4.  һ򵥵

νԼ

4.1  һ㴿

ĿʼһǰҽṩһЩ DNS ۣ
ӦĶΪ森㲻ҪҲúܿԶһ£
㿴Ӧ÷Ž named.boot ȥʱֹͣԶʽ

DNS һײʽϵͳ䶥д `.' ䷢Ϊ `root'   .
֮м(TLDs)֪ ORG, COM, EDU  Լ NET
⼸ǻи࣮

Ѱһ̨ʱѯԵݻطӶ˿ʼ Ҫҳ prep.ai.mit.edu
λַʱŷҵ edu һ̨ŷ ȥ
root.cache  . ŷһ edu ŷб

     $ nslookup
     Default Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

ʼĳ̨ŷ










DNS HOWTO 							      7



     > server c.root-servers.net.
     Default Server:  c.root-servers.net
     Address:  192.33.4.12

趨ѯ̬Ϊ NS (ŷ¼ name server records)

     > set q=ns

ʹ edu. ϣ

     > edu.

β . ǳҪ߸ŷʵ edu  . ֮µһ
СѰġΧ

     edu     nameserver = A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     edu     nameserver = G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 198.41.0.4
     H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.63.2.53
     B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.9.0.107
     C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.33.4.12
     D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.8.10.90
     E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.203.230.10
     I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.36.148.17
     F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.5.5.241
     G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.112.36.4

 *.root-servers.net  edu. ǿԽ˼ c
ŷ Ҫ֪˭һ mit.edu. :

     > mit.edu.
     Server:  c.root-servers.net
     Address:  192.33.4.12

     Non-authoritative answer:
     mit.edu nameserver = STRAWB.mit.edu
     mit.edu nameserver = W20NS.mit.edu
     mit.edu nameserver = BITSY.mit.edu

     Authoritative answers can be found from:
     STRAWB.mit.edu  internet address = 18.71.0.151
     W20NS.mit.edu   internet address = 18.70.0.160
     BITSY.mit.edu   internet address = 18.72.0.3

steawb, w20ns Լ bitsy  mit ѡһҲѯ ai.mit.edu:

     > server W20NS.mit.edu.








DNS HOWTO 							      8



ƲִСдʹûЩөĻĿ

     Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
     Address:  18.70.0.160

     > ai.mit.edu.
     Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
     Address:  18.70.0.160

     Non-authoritative answer:
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU

     Authoritative answers can be found from:
     AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
     AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
     AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
     AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
     AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
     WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU     internet address = 128.52.32.13
     WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU     internet address = 128.52.35.13
     ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.32.5
     ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.37.5
     GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.32.4
     GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.36.4
     TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.6
     TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.38.6
     MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU	     internet address = 128.52.32.7
     MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU	     internet address = 128.52.39.7

 weaties.ai.mit.edu  ai.mit.edu һ̨ŷ:

     > server WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU.
     Default Server:  WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
     Addresses:  128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13

Ҹıѯ̬ѾҵŷǽҪѯ wheaties
 prep.ai.mit.edu ֪κ飮





















DNS HOWTO 							      9



     > set q=any
     > prep.ai.mit.edu.
     Server:  WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
     Addresses:  128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13

     prep.ai.mit.edu CPU = dec/decstation-5000.25    OS = unix
     prep.ai.mit.edu
	     inet address = 18.159.0.42, protocol = tcp
	      #21 #23 #25 #79
     prep.ai.mit.edu preference = 1, mail exchanger = life.ai.mit.edu
     prep.ai.mit.edu internet address = 18.159.0.42
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = wheaties.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = trix.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = muesli.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = count-chocula.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = life.ai.mit.edu
     ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mintaka.lcs.mit.edu
     life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.80
     alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.32.5
     wheaties.ai.mit.edu     internet address = 128.52.35.13
     wheaties.ai.mit.edu     internet address = 128.52.32.13
     grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.36.4
     grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.32.4
     mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu  internet address = 128.52.32.11
     mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu  internet address = 128.52.54.11
     mintaka.lcs.mit.edu     internet address = 18.26.0.36

Ǵ . ʼҳһŷ ʹԼ
DNS ŷЩŷ  named
ȻݴЩΪѰʱҵѶ
һʱٴβʣ

һȽٱۼͬҪ in-addr.arpa
Ҳġһǳ״ģ in-addr.arpa
ǿӵλַʱ֪ƣ
мҪҪע in-addr.arpa  ip
Է˳дģ ĳ̨λַ: 192.128.52.43  named
 prep.ai.mit.edu ķʽ: ҳ arpa. ŷҳ in-
addr.arpa. ŷȻҳ 192.in-addr.arpa. ŷ ҳ 128.192.in-
addr.arpa. ŷҳ 52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ŷ
ҳ֮ 43.52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ļ¼? (˵ǵġ)
ͷⷴҲһЩţ

ʵƭģDNS ȫȫҸѾӽˣ

4.2  Լ

Լǽᴴ linux.bogus
ҶеĻ
ʹһȫԱȷǲҵ·ϵط









DNS HOWTO 							     10



Ѿ named.boot һпʼݵ趨:

     primary	    0.0.127.in-addr.arpa	  pz/127.0.0

עƽβûм `.' ţ һаѶ 0.0.127.in-
addr.arpa ĵΪ pz/127.0.0 Ѿ:

     @		     IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
				     1	     ; Serial
				     28800   ; Refresh
				     7200    ; Retry
				     604800  ; Expire
				     86400)  ; Minimum TTL
			     NS      ns.linux.bogus.
     1			     PTR     localhost.

עеƽβ `.' ţᵽ named.boot
γɶԱȣ Щϲ $ORIGIN ָʼÿ򵵰ǲҪģ
һ򵵰Ļ( DNS ײܹλ) named.boot
ġָģ  0.0.127.in-addr.arpa

򵵰а֡Դ¼(resource records, RRs): һ SOA
Դ¼һ NS Դ¼Լһ PTR ¼ SOA Ȩʼ(Start Of Author
ity)д`@' Ǹ˼Ϊǣ Ϊġ˵
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa Եһʵָ

       0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA.  IN   SOA ...

NS ŷԴ¼ DNS ʲ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
ŷҲ ns.linux.bogus.   PTR ¼˵ 1 (
1.0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA, Ҳ 127.0.0.1) localhost

SOA
¼򵵰ģÿһ򵵰ﶼӦΨһһͷļ¼
Ӻζ(һ̨Ϊ linux.bogus Ļ)˭(hostmas
ter@linux.bogus) 򵵰ʲ汾(serial:
1)ԼģйݴҪŷ£ ʣµλ refresh,
retry, expire Լ minimum ʹļõֶӦò⣮

ʼ named(ʹ ndc restart ָ)ʹ nslookup
ʲ:

     $ nslookup

     Default Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     > 127.0.0.1
     Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     Name:    localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1









DNS HOWTO 							     11



 127.0.0.1 õ localhost Ḷ́ܺã
ڿʼǵҪlinux.bogus   named.boot  µһ
primary ָ:

     primary		   linux.bogus			   pz/linux.bogus

ע⣬ named.boot ƵĽβû '.' ţ

 linux.bogus 򵵰ǽһЩȫ:

     ;
     ; Zone file for linux.bogus
     ;
     ; Mandatory minimum for a working domain
     ;
     @	     IN      SOA     linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
			     199511301	     ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
			     28800	     ; refresh, seconds
			     7200	     ; retry, seconds
			     3600000	     ; expire, seconds
			     86400 )	     ; minimum, seconds
		     NS      ns.linux.bogus.
		     NS      ns.friend.bogus.
		     MX      10 mail.linux.bogus   ; Primary Mail Exchanger
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

     localhost	     A	     127.0.0.1
     ns 	     A	     127.0.0.2
     mail	     A	     127.0.0.4

 SOA ¼Ҫע⣮ ns.linux.bogus  һ̨ A
¼  SOA ¼ CNAME
¼ΪƵĻǲϷģֲһҪ nsκκϷƣ
hostmaster.linux.bogus ӦñΪ hostmas
ter@linux.bogusӦһʼλַ ά DNS
˾ŵλַκι춴żᱻ͵λַ ֲһҪ
hostmasterκκϷĵʼλַȻλַ `hostmaster'
Ӧܹ

һµԴ¼̬ MX ̬ʼԴ¼(Mail
eXchanger RR) Դ¼̬ʵϵͳַ someone@linux.bogus
ʼҪ͵ 仰˵ҲӦü͵ mail.linux.bogus 
mail.friend.bogus ÿǰ MX Դ¼ȨֱȽϵ
(10) Դ¼ʼҪӦüĻ
ʧܿ԰ֱȽϸߵĻһ̨ҪʼߣҲȨ
20  mail.friend.bogus

 ndc restart ʼ named nslookup :














DNS HOWTO 							     12



     $ nslookup
     > set q=any
     > linux.bogus
     Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     linux.bogus
	     origin = linux.bogus
	     mail addr = hostmaster.linux.bogus
	     serial = 199511301
	     refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
	     retry   = 7200 (2 hours)
	     expire  = 604800 (7 days)
	     minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
     linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus
     linux.bogus     preference = 20, mail exchanger = mail.friend.bogus
     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
     ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 127.0.0.2
     mail.linux.bogus	     internet address = 127.0.0.4

Сĵؼ㽫ᷢһһ

       linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus


ȫˣӦ

       linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus

ҹⷸ˸Խѧϰ:-) ϸ򵵰ǻᷢһ

     @	       MX   10 mail.linux.bogus ; Primary Mail Exchanger


©һ㣮˵˸ `linux.bogus'
򵵰һƲԾββ㣮Բ

     @	       MX   10 mail.linux.bogus.     ; Primary Mail Exchanger



     @	       MX   10 mail		; Primary Mail Exchanger

ȷģұȽϲʽҪĴֱȽ٣
һ򵵰ӦҪд `.'
β߾һ㶼Ҫȥ
ԤΪ㣮Ҳϲһַʽ

ұǿ named.boot 治Ӧ `.'  Ĵڣ
㲻֪жٴΪ˻һ `.'	˲Ҷţ









DNS HOWTO 							     13



ڼǿصõһµ򵵰лһЩѶ:

     ;
     ; Zone file for linux.bogus
     ;
     ; Mandatory minimum for a working domain
     ;
     @	     IN      SOA     linux.bogus.    hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
			     199511301	     ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
			     28800	     ; refresh, seconds
			     7200	     ; retry, seconds
			     604800	     ; expire, seconds
			     86400 )	     ; minimum, seconds

		     NS      ns 	     ; Inet Address of name server
		     NS      ns.friend.bogus.
		     MX      10 mail	     ; Primary Mail Exchanger
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

     localhost	     A	     127.0.0.1
     ns 	     A	     127.0.0.2
     mail	     A	     127.0.0.4
     ;
     ; Extras
     ;
     @		     TXT     "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"

     ns 	     MX      10 mail
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
		     HINFO   "Pentium" "Linux 1.2"
		     TXT     "RMS"
     richard	     CNAME   ns
     www	     CNAME   ns

     donald	     A	     127.0.0.3
		     MX      10 mail
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
		     HINFO   "i486"  "Linux 1.2"
		     TXT     "DEK"

     mail	     MX      10 mail
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
		     HINFO   "386sx" "Linux 1.0.9"

     ftp	     A	     127.0.0.5
		     MX      10 mail
		     MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
		     HINFO   "P6" "Linux 1.3.59"

ҲҪƶǰ A
¼Աǿؼ¼ǰˣ

мµԴ¼: Ѷ(HINFO: Host INFOrmation) ݣ
ʹźÿǸϰߣһǻϵӲ봦Ԫ








DNS HOWTO 							     14



ڶǻϵҵϵͳns һ Pentium CPU ִ Linux
1.2 ϵͳ TXT ¼Ǹּ¼¼κ飮
ʽ(CNAME: Canonical NAME)ÿ̨ƣ  richard Լ
www  ns һ Ҫһ A, MX, CNAME, Լ SOA ¼Զò
CNAME ¼趨ı ֻӦò A
¼趨ƣļ¼Ǵ

     foobar    CNAME	 richard	     ; NO!

ǶԵ

     foobar    CNAME	 ns		; Yes!

һҲҪעʽ趨ĶԵʵλַԲǺϷ:
webmaster@www.linux.bogus 趨һϷĵʵλַ
ʹϵͳϿԤϵǺеʼ߻ȥʵ
ķʹ A ¼(ҲһЩģ MX ¼)ȡ֮:

     www  A    127.0.0.2

Paul Vixie, Ҫ named רң鲻Ҫʹ CNAME 趨
ӦÿǲҪȥʹ

ִ ndc reload µϿ⣬ʹ named һζȡ䵵

     $ nslookup
     Default Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     > ls -d linux.bogus

ָӦгеļ¼






























DNS HOWTO 							     15



     [localhost]
      linux.bogus.		     SOA   ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (199511301 28800 7200 604800 86400)
      linux.bogus.		     NS    ns.linux.bogus
      linux.bogus.		     NS    ns.friend.bogus
      linux.bogus.		     MX    10	mail.linux.bogus
      linux.bogus.		     MX    20	mail.friend.bogus
      linux.bogus.		     TXT   "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
      localhost 		     A	   127.0.0.1
      mail			     A	   127.0.0.4
      mail			     MX    10	mail.linux.bogus
      mail			     MX    20	mail.friend.bogus
      mail			     HINFO 386sx       Linux 1.0.9
      donald			     A	   127.0.0.3
      donald			     MX    10	mail.linux.bogus
      donald			     MX    20	mail.friend.bogus
      donald			     HINFO i486        Linux 1.2
      donald			     TXT   "DEK"
      www			     CNAME ns.linux.bogus
      richard			     CNAME ns.linux.bogus
      ftp			     A	   127.0.0.5
      ftp			     MX    10	mail.linux.bogus
      ftp			     MX    20	mail.friend.bogus
      ftp			     HINFO P6	       Linux 1.3.59
      ns			     A	   127.0.0.2
      ns			     MX    10	mail.linux.bogus
      ns			     MX    20	mail.friend.bogus
      ns			     HINFO Pentium     Linux 1.2
      ns			     TXT   "RMS"
      linux.bogus.		     SOA   ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (199511301 28800 7200 604800 86400)

ܺãǼ춵 www ˵ʲ:

     > set q=any
     > www.linux.bogus.
     Server:  localhost
     Address:  127.0.0.1

     www.linux.bogus canonical name = ns.linux.bogus

...仰˵www.linux.bogus  ns.linux.bogus

     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
     linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
     ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 127.0.0.2

 ns.linux.bogus ӵ 127.0.0.2 λַҲܺã

4.3  

ȻǸ߶ģеλַҲǣЩ
ʵһʵһڣ











DNS HOWTO 							     16



5.  ʵ

гһЩ򵵰

ʹ߽ҼһʵӣΪҶ֮͵Ĳ

м±: ǧҪŵŷ!
οĶͺãʵ飬ӣ Ҿ LAND-5 
David Bullock ͬʹӣЩ 1996 ¶ʮգ
ڲѯ LAND-5 ŷܻᷢͬ
УסɾȥǰĿհ :-)

5.1  /etc/named.boot ( /var/named/named.boot)

ǷҪ primary ķ: һ 127.0.0һ LAND-5 ·
206.6.177 һи land-5.com
򣮻һҪעǲƪｫ pz Ŀ¼
Ƿŵ zone Ŀ¼

     ;	Boot file for LAND-5 name server
     ;
     directory /var/named
     ;
     ; type	     domain			     source file or host
     cache	     .				     root.cache
     primary	     0.0.127.in-addr.arpa	     zone/127.0.0
     primary	     177.6.206.in-addr.arpa	     zone/206.6.177
     primary	     land-5.com 		     zone/land-5.com

5.2  /var/named/root.cache

סǶ̬ģгǾɵģԼ dig һµģ






























DNS HOWTO 							     17



     ; <<>> DiG 2.1 <<>>
     ;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
     ;; got answer:
     ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6
     ;; flags: qr rd ra; Ques: 1, Ans: 9, Auth: 0, Addit: 9
     ;; QUESTIONS:
     ;;      ., type = NS, class = IN

     ;; ANSWERS:
      .       518357  NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
      .       518357  NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

     ;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
     H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     128.63.2.53
     B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     128.9.0.107
     C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     222766  A	     192.33.4.12
     D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     128.8.10.90
     E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     192.203.230.10
     I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     192.36.148.17
     F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     299616  A	     192.5.5.241
     G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     192.112.36.4
     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     165593  A	     198.41.0.4

     ;; Total query time: 250 msec
     ;; FROM: land-5 to SERVER: default ---- 127.0.0.1
     ;; WHEN: Fri Sep 20 10:11:22 1996
     ;; MSG SIZE  sent: 17  rcvd: 312

5.3  /var/named/zone/127.0.0

ǻģʡԵ SOA ¼Լ 127.0.0.1 ָ localhost ļ¼
߶ǱģӦĶڴ˵УԶظ£ŷ˵ַı䣮

     @		     IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
				     199609203	     ; Serial
				     28800   ; Refresh
				     7200    ; Retry
				     604800  ; Expire
				     86400)  ; Minimum TTL
			     NS      land-5.com.

     1			     PTR     localhost.

5.4  /var/named/zone/land-5.com

ǿ SOA ¼Ҫ NS ¼
ǿԿһҪŷ ns2.psi.net








DNS HOWTO 							     18



ҲӦǱҪģǱһҪŷΪݣ ǻΪ LAND-5
вͬ CNAME ¼ (һ A ¼)

 SOA ¼һ򵵰 land-5.com ʼ
root@land-5.com (serial) yyyymmdd ĸʽϵĺ;  1996
¶ʮĵ汾򵵰
סű뵥صֻһλֱʾĺ룬
ڱ༭Ŵ֮ȵٱ༭[ע]
Ӧÿλ֣


	   [ע]
		 ߿ܻΪʲ᲻ 1996092010 ? ҲǵģԵȻԣ
		 һα൵ʱʲ?  199609211־ͱ 1996092010 ҪСˣ
		 鷳߽Ӧλ֣ 1996092006















































DNS HOWTO 							     19



     @	     IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
			     199609206	     ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
			     10800	     ; refresh, seconds
			     7200	     ; retry, seconds
			     10800	     ; expire, seconds
			     86400 )	     ; minimum, seconds
		     NS      land-5.com.
		     NS      ns2.psi.net.
		     MX      10 land-5.com.  ; Primary Mail Exchanger

     localhost A    127.0.0.1

     router	     A	     206.6.177.1

     land-5.com.     A	     206.6.177.2
     ns 	     CNAME   land-5.com.
     ftp	     CNAME   land-5.com.
     www	     CNAME   land-5.com.
     mail	     CNAME   land-5.com.
     news	     CNAME   land-5.com.

     funn	     A	     206.6.177.3
     illusions	     CNAME   funn.land-5.com.
     @		     TXT     "LAND-5 Corporation"

     ;
     ;	     Workstations
     ;
     ws_177200	     A	     206.6.177.200
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177201	     A	     206.6.177.201
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177202	     A	     206.6.177.202
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177203	     A	     206.6.177.203
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177204	     A	     206.6.177.204
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177205	     A	     206.6.177.205
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
     ws_177250	     A	     206.6.177.250
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177251	     A	     206.6.177.251
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177252	     A	     206.6.177.252
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177253	     A	     206.6.177.253
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
     ws_177254	     A	     206.6.177.254
		     MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host

һֵעеĹվûиƣһͷλ IP
֣








DNS HOWTO 							     20



ĹԴؼάе㲻㣬ңʵϿĿͻԴ

5.5  /var/named/zone/206.6.177

ҽ˵

     @		     IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
				     199609206	     ; Serial
				     28800   ; Refresh
				     7200    ; Retry
				     604800  ; Expire
				     86400)  ; Minimum TTL
			     NS      land-5.com.
			     NS      ns2.psi.net.
     ;
     ;	     Servers
     ;
     1	     PTR     router.land-5.com.
     2	     PTR     land-5.com.
     3	     PTR     funn.land-5.com.
     ;
     ;	     Workstations
     ;
     200     PTR     ws_177200.land-5.com.
     201     PTR     ws_177201.land-5.com.
     202     PTR     ws_177202.land-5.com.
     203     PTR     ws_177203.land-5.com.
     204     PTR     ws_177204.land-5.com.
     205     PTR     ws_177205.land-5.com.
     ; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
     250     PTR     ws_177250.land-5.com.
     251     PTR     ws_177251.land-5.com.
     252     PTR     ws_177252.land-5.com.
     253     PTR     ws_177253.land-5.com.
     254     PTR     ws_177254.land-5.com.

ƺ趨ͷʹĲݣл IP
ʱѯõģ : һ irc ŷ irc ͻ˵ߣ
ŲŷֻϣŲ˹άǹҵߣ
ӵԿͻ˵ʱ C ʽܹ߻ IP λַΪͻ˵
IP ǰڴ·еģ ȻԺһʽ gethostbyaddr Ը
IP ѯƣ gethostbyaddr ʽ DNS ѯʣDNS
ͻȥѯ̨ƣ ͻ ws_177200.land-5.comC ʽṩ
irc ŷ IP  206.6.177.200 ΪҳҪѯ 200.177.6.206.in-
addr.arpaDNS ŷҵ arpa. ŷ Ȼҵ in-addr.arpa.
ŷǷ 206Ȼ 6 ҵ LAND-5  177.6.206.in-
addr.arpa ŷ ɴǵõ 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa Ĵ 'PTR
ws_177200.land-5.com' ¼ ָӵ IP 206.6.177.200 
ws_177200.land-5.com ڽ prep.ai.mit.edu
βѯʱ˵΢е㲻ԣ

ص irc ŷӣirc ŷֻ˹άǹҵߣҲǣ
*.no, *.se, *.dkws_177200.land-5.com ȻκЩ
ŷܾߣûо in-addr.arpa  206.2.177.200








DNS HOWTO 							     21



ķӦ ŷ޷鵽ƶ 206.2.177.200  *.no, *.se 
*.dk ȽϣȻҲϵģ

Щ˻㷴ӦѯֻŷҪһҲҪ Ȼ: 
ftp, news, irc  http ŷ޷鵽ƵĻߣ
ʵϻķƶӦǱģ


6.  ά

ά

άǵļִ֮⣬ named 㻹иάҪ Ǿά
root.cache ĸ£򵥵ķʹ dig ʽ Ȳκβִ dig
ʽ㽫ȡôԼŷõ root.cache Ȼ dig @rootserver . ns
гĸŷ֮һ 㽫ע⵽ǳһ
root.cache һѶ⣮Щֲʲ
ŵ(dig @e.root-servers.net . ns
>root.cache.new)ȡԭɵ root.cache 

ȡԭȵĵ֮Ҫǵ named ʽ

Al Longyear ĸָ壬Զִ named.cacheΪװ
crontab ĿȻ ָĵʼ `hostmaster'
ʼж壮Ӧ޶Ա趨





































DNS HOWTO 							     22



     #!/bin/sh
     #
     # Update the nameserver cache information file once per month.
     # This is run automatically by a cron entry.
     #
     (
      echo "To: hostmaster <hostmaster>"
      echo "From: system <root>"
      echo "Subject: Automatic update of the named.boot file"
      echo

      export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:
      cd /var/named

      dig @rs.internic.net . ns >root.cache.new

      echo "The named.boot file has been updated to contain the following information:"
      echo
      cat root.cache.new

      chown root.root root.cache.new
      chmod 444 root.cache.new
      rm -f root.cache.old
      mv root.cache root.cache.old
      mv root.cache.new root.cache
      ndc restart
      echo
      echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete."
      echo "The previous root.cache file is now called /var/named/root.cache.old."
     ) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t
     exit 0

Щ˿ ftp  Internic õ root.cache  벻Ҫ ftp 
root.cacheᵽķΪ


7.  Bind version 8

Bind version 8 µ bind һûгʹã David E. Smith
<dave@bureau42.ml.org> УдСڵŲݣ

û̫Ĳͬʹ named.conf  named.boot, Ŷͬ  bind 8
һ perl ָɸʽĵתµģ һݴרŷ
named.boot (ɸʽ):

     directory /var/named
     cache   .					     root.hint
     primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA		     127.0.0.zone
     primary localhost				     localhost.zone

ָ£ bind8/src/bin/named Ŀ¼м:

     named-bootconf.pl < named.boot > named.conf









DNS HOWTO 							     23



 named.conf:

     // generated by named-bootconf.pl

     options {
	     directory "/var/named";
     };

     zone "." {
	     type hint;
	     file "root.hint";
     };

     zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
	     type master;
	     file "127.0.0.zone";
     };

     zone "localhost" {
	     type master;
	     file "localhost.zone";
     };

 named.boot еÿתȻδ bind 8
ǿѡ зݽ named.conf
ͬ£Чʸһ㣮




































DNS HOWTO 							     24



     // This is a configuration file for named (from BIND 8.1 or later).
     // It would normally be installed as /etc/named.conf.
     // The only change made from the `stock' named.conf (aside from this
     // comment :) is that the directory line was uncommented, since I
     // already had the zone files in /var/named.

     options {
	     directory "/var/named";
	     check-names master warn;		     /* default. */
	     datasize 20M;
     };

     zone "localhost" IN {
	     type master;
	     file "localhost.zone";
	     check-names fail;
	     allow-update { none; };
	     allow-transfer { any; };
     };

     zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
	     type master;
	     file "127.0.0.zone";
	     check-names fail;
	     allow-update { none; };
	     allow-transfer { any; };
     };

     zone "." IN {
	     type hint;
	     file "root.hint";
     };

bind8/src/bin/named/test
Լ򵵰Ŀ˿ֱ޸ʹã

򵵰 root.hint (root.cache) ȫͬǵָҲǣ


8.  ߵԶ趨

һڽ趨ԱÿԶ
ҵķһ㶼ʺ㣬ܴһЩõһЩӣ
ͬʱʹ PPP ӣȻʹ slip  cslip ߷ʽ
趨ＸÿطܸҵĲͬ  slip ʹõ dip
ʽӦܹ飮

һ˵û·ʱҵ resolv.conf ذһ

     domain uio.no

ȷҲصȴƽʽȥϵĳ̨ܰҵŷ
ǵߵʱҪʼҵ named ӵһǰ
resolv.conf  ҽɱ resolv.conf ġ塯resolv.conf.local








DNS HOWTO 							     25



Լ resolv.conf.connected ⣮ һǰ
resolv.conf 

ҪԶߵ·ĹִһΪ `ppp-on' ָ:

     #!/bin/sh
     echo calling...
     pppd

pppd иΪ options ĵ pppd ȡߵһЩ һҵ
ppp  pppd ʼһΪ ip-up ָ( pppd
ʹֲ) Ǹָһ:

     #!/bin/sh
     interface="$1"
     device="$2"
     speed="$3"
     myip="$4"
     upip="$5"
      ...
     cp -v /etc/resolv.conf.connected /etc/resolv.conf
      ...
     /usr/sbin/named

仰˵ʼҵ named ʽ ppp ʱ pppd ִһΪ ip-down
ָ:

     #!/bin/sh
     cp /etc/resolv.conf.local /etc/resolv.conf
     read namedpid < /var/run/named.pid
     kill $namedpid

ʱò趨˲ʱòسʽ

ĳЩʽ irc 
talk˹ļٶΪ乤޸ hosts   ip-up
ϼ

     cp /etc/hosts.ppp /etc/hosts
     echo $myip      roke >>/etc/hosts

hosts.ppp Ǽ򵥵ذ

     127.0.0.1 localhost

 echo ָյ IP Ϊһ(roke)
ӦøԼƣ hostname ָ

ûߵ·ʱִ named ܲ Ϊ named
᳢ͳѯ·϶ֹʱ(timeout)ܳ
ÿĳЩʽԽһƵʱ͵õȴֹʱޣ
ʹòӵĻӦʱʼ named ʱɱ ο
FAQ (section 9., page 26) һڵʾ









DNS HOWTO 							     26



ĳЩϲٵʹ forwarders ָ ·ṩ 1.2.3.4
Լ 1.2.3.5   DNS ŷԲһ

     forwarders 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.5

 named.boot ȥ ⽫Դ IP
΢ٶȣ·ѵĻرҪ
⻹иӼֵΪһݴ named άӦ:
㲻Ҫȥһյ root.cache 


9.  

ҽгһЩ DNS Լļ⣮н :-)
дŸǰĶڣ

  1.  ڷǽ֮ʹ DNS ?


      һЩʾ: `forwarders', `slave', Լοļб

  2.   DNS ṩĿλַĳһ www.busy.site
      ԻøƽƵЧ?


      Ϊ www.busy.site  A ¼ʹ bind 4.9.3 İ汾 
      bind ʹ round-robin 㷨Ѱ𰸣ⲻڸ汾 bind Ϲ

  3.  һյ Intranet ϼ DNSҸ?


      ݴ浵ֻ򵵰Ҳʾ㽫Ҫݴ浵

  4.  ҵϵͳû ndc ʽҸ?


      ϵͳװһɵģܹڵ bind ʽ ȫԶҪ: ̽
      bind ǣҲɵģ ֱִ named  ndc
      start ndc reload  named.reload  ndc restart  named.restart
      Щʽܶ /usr/sbin 

  5.  νҪŷ?


      Ҫŷĵַ 127.0.0.1 ĴҪŷ named.boot
      зһ:

	     secondary	  linux.bogus	      127.0.0.1 sz/linux.bogus


  6.  ϣʱ bind ԼִУ


      յ Ian Clark <ic@deakin.edu.au> żΰ쵽㣮








DNS HOWTO 							     27



	   I run named on my 'Masquerading' machine here. I have
	   two root.cache files, one called root.cache.real which contains
	   the real root server names and the other called root.cache.fake
	   which contains...

	   --------------
	   ; root.cache.fake
	   ; this file contains no information
	   --------------

	   When I go off line I copy the root.cache.fake file to root.cache and
	   restart named.

	   When I go online I copy root.cache.real to root.cache and restart
	   named.

	   This is done from ip-down & ip-up respectively.

	   The first time I do a query off line on a domain name named doesn't
	   have details for it puts an entry like this in messages..

	   Jan 28 20:10:11 hazchem named[10147]: No root nameserver for class IN

	   which I can live with.

	   It certainly seems to work for me. I can use the nameserver for
	   local machines while off the 'net without the timeout delay for
	   external domain names and I while on the 'net queries for external
	   domains work normally

  7.  ŷݴϱǶ? κηԿĴС?


      еݴ϶ڼУκʱᱻдŵУ ÿɱ
      named ʱЩݴϾûˣûκηԿݴϣ named
      һЩ򵥵ķ㲻κκηݴϻС
      ϣԼȥ named ĳʽñ

  8.  ʼ named ֮䱣ݴ? ҿ԰?


      ! named ɱʱᱣݴϣ
      ˵ݴϱÿɱʼ named ½ ûа취
      named ݴϴ浽 ϣԼȥ named
      ĳʽñ


10.  γΪһ͵ DNS  

ļԼ

ļϵĻӡõģҪС DNS  DNS
ߵһĶЩļǱҪģ ӡõı׼ο DNS and BIND by C.
Liu and P. Albitz from O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA, ISBN








DNS HOWTO 							     28



0-937175-82-X Ҷܰһ TCP/IP Network Administration, by
Craig Hunt from O'Reilly..., ISBN 0-937175-82-X һǹ DNS
ģһԹ DNS  ܺõ(Ƕκһ๤ܺ) Zen and the
Art of Motorcycle Maintenance,  Robert M. Prisig  ISBN 0688052304

ϵҵ <URL:http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/>,
<URL:http://www.isc.org/bind.html>; ⼯οֲ(BOG; Bind Operations
Guide)ЭĶԼ DNS оף
ЩļҴ󲿷ûĶҲǸ DNS  ߣ һ Arnt
Gulbrandsen Ѿ BOG ҶԴ˺ :-) ·Ⱥ comp.proto
cols.tcp-ip.domains й DNS Ⱥ ⻹кüݹ DNS 
RFCsҪĿЩ:

      RFC 2052
	    A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, A DNS RR for specifying the location of
	    services (DNS SRV), October 1996

      RFC 1918
	    Y. Rekhter, R. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. de Groot, E. Lear,
	    Address Allocation for Private Internets, 02/29/1996.

      RFC 1912
	    D. Barr, Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors,
	    02/28/1996.

      RFC 1713
	    A. Romao, Tools for DNS debugging, 11/03/1994.

      RFC 1712
	    C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, D. Baldoni, DNS Encoding of
	    Geographical Location, 11/01/1994.

      RFC 1183
	    R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris, L. Mamakos, C. Everhart, New DNS RR
	    Definitions, 10/08/1990.

      RFC 1035
	    P. Mockapetris, Domain names - implementation and specification,
	    11/01/1987.

      RFC 1034
	    P. Mockapetris, Domain names - concepts and facilities, 11/01/1987.

      RFC 1033
	    M. Lottor, Domain administrators operations guide, 11/01/1987.

      RFC 1032
	    M. Stahl, Domain administrators guide, 11/01/1987.

      RFC 974
	    C. Partridge, Mail routing and the domain system, 01/01/1986.











DNS HOWTO 							     29





































































				   CONTENTS



1.  ǰ  ................................................................... 1
    1.1 Ȩ  ........................................................... 1
    1.2 л .......................................................... 1
    1.3 ״ .............................................................. 1

2.   .................................................................... 1

3.  ݴרŷ ...................................................... 2
    3.1 ʼ named .......................................................... 5

4.  һ򵥵 .......................................................... 6
    4.1 һ㴿 ...................................................... 6
    4.2 Լ ...................................................... 9
    4.3  ........................................................... 15

5.  ʵ ......................................................... 16
    5.1 /etc/named.boot ( /var/named/named.boot) ......................... 16
    5.2 /var/named/root.cache .............................................. 16
    5.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0 ............................................ 17
    5.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com ......................................... 17
    5.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177 .......................................... 20

6.  ά ............................................................... 21

7.  Bind version 8 ......................................................... 22

8.  ߵԶ趨 ..................................................... 24

9.   ........................................................... 26

10. γΪһ͵ DNS   ......................................... 27





















				       i


